考研考博-英语-安徽城市管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽城市管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.Thesefactssuggestthatweneedtobemorepreciseaboutwhichchangesworryus.Americansworryaboutfamilychangeforatleastthreekindsofreasons,whichwewilllabeleconomic,developmental,andmoral.

Fromaneconomicperspective,themosttroublingfeatureoffamilychangehasbeenthespreadoffamiliesheadedbyasinglemotherwhoisnotlivingwithanotheradultwhohelpssupportherandherchildren.Singlemothersseldomcommandhighwages.Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.

NotallchildrenfromdisruptedfamilieslivewithwhattheEnglishcallalonemother,butotherlivingarrangementsarelesslikelytoleavechildreninpoverty.Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown,althoughitisnotclearhowmuchofthetypicalboyfriend’sincomeisavailabletosupportthemother’schildren.Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelatives,theytoofacefewereconomicproblemsthanwhentheylivealone.Ifwearemainlyconcernedwithreducingchildpoverty,allthesealternativesreduceitsincidence.

DavidT.EllwoodandChristopherJencks:TheSpreadof

Single-ParentFamiliesintheUnitedStatessince1960

75.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothe1stparagraph?

76.Fromthe2ndparagraph,weknowthattheeconomicproblemofsingle-parentfamilyis___.

77.Whichofthefollowingsituationisnotmentionedincomparingwithalonemother?

78.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe2ndparagraphdoesNOTmeanthat___.

问题1选项

A.Out-of-wedlockbirthisnottheonlycauseforsingle-parentfamilies.

B.Nearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbornebabiesarenowlivingwiththeirparents.

C.Lessthanhalfofallmotherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separationordeath.

D.Out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamiliesaretwoseparateissues.

问题2选项

A.poverty

B.thelow-incomemother

C.lackofgovernmentassistance

D.lackofsupportfromthechild’sfather

问题3选项

A.Motherswhodivorceandremarry.

B.Motherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.

C.Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriend.

D.Unmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparents.

问题4选项

A.morekidsofpoorfamiliesarelivinginsingle-parentfamiliesnow

B.morethanhalfofthepoorfamilieswithchildrenaresingle-parentfamilies

C.therateofpoorsingle-parentfamilieshasdoubledsincethelate1970s

D.thedivorceratehasdoubledsince1964

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】75.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Yetmorethanhalfofallfatherlessfamiliesarecreatedbydivorce,separation,death,orimprisonment,andnearlyhalfofallout-of-wedlockbirthsarenowtocohabitingfathersandmothers.（然而，半数以上的无父家庭是由离婚、分居、死亡或监禁造成的，近一半的非婚生孩子现在是由同居的父亲和母亲产生的）可知C选项“在所有无母亲家庭中，只有不到一半是由离婚、分居或死亡造成的”和原文不符以及B选项“近一半的非婚生婴儿现在和父母住在一起”和原文相符；第一段Whenlegislators,policyanalysts,andopinionleadersdiscussfamilychangetheyusuallyfocusontwoissues:out-of-wedlockbirthsandfatherlessfamilies.Inmanycasestheydiscussthesetwoissuesasiftheywereidentical.（当立法者、政策分析人士和意见领袖讨论家庭变化时，他们通常关注两个问题：非婚生育和无父家庭。在许多情况下，他们讨论这两个问题，仿佛它们是相同的）可知A选项“非婚生育并不是单亲家庭的唯一原因”；结合上文所提到的内容可知D选项“非婚生育和无父家庭是两个独立的问题”符合原文。因此C选项符合题意。

76.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段第二句Theyalsofinditunusuallydifficulttoworklonghours,sincetheymustalsocarefortheirchildren.Manygetverylittlechildsupportfromtheabsentfather,andevengenerouschildsupportpaymentsprovidelessmoneythanaresidentfatherwiththesameincomewouldnormallyprovide.Whilesinglemothersareeligibleforvariousformsofpublicassistance,neitherlegislatorsnorvotershavewantedtomakesuchassistanceatallgenerous,lestgenerosityencouragestillmorewomentoraisechildrenontheirown.（她们还发现长时间工作异常困难，因为她们还要照顾孩子。许多人从缺席的父亲那里得到的子女抚养费非常少，即使是慷慨的子女抚养费也比收入相同的常住父亲通常提供的钱要少。虽然单身母亲有资格获得各种形式的公共援助，但立法者和选民都不想让这种援助慷慨，以免慷慨会鼓励更多的女性独自抚养孩子）有涉及到B选项“低收入母亲”，C选项“缺乏政府的帮助”以及D选项“缺乏来自孩子父亲的支持”，但是结合下文Thespreadofsingle-motherfamilieshasthereforeplayedamajorroleinthepersistenceofpovertyintheUnitedStates.（因此，单亲母亲家庭的蔓延对美国贫困的持续存在起到了重要作用）可以推断出贫困才是导致这些问题的回答，A选项“贫困”包括了B，C，D选项在内。因此A选项正确。

77.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段Motherswhodivorceandremarrytendtobeaboutaswelloffeconomicallyasmotherswhoremainmarriedtotheirchildren’sbiologicalfather.（离婚后再婚的母亲在经济上与孩子生父保持婚姻关系的母亲差不多）可知A选项“离婚后再婚的母亲”有提及；第三段Unmarriedmotherswhocohabitwithaboyfriendalsotendtohavesignificantlyhigherhouseholdincomesthanthosewholiveontheirown…（与男友同居的未婚母亲的家庭收入也明显高于独自生活的母亲……）可知C选项“与男朋友同居的未婚母亲”有提及；第三段Andwhenunmarriedmotherslivewiththeirparentsorotherrelative…（而且，当未婚母亲与父母或其他亲戚住在一起时……）可知D选项“和父母住在一起的未婚妈妈”有提及；B选项“与孩子的生父保持婚姻关系的母亲”原文未涉及。因此B选项符合题意。

78.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段划线句子处In1964,whenLyndonJohnsondeclaredawaronpoverty,only30percentofpoorfamilieswithchildrenwereheadedbysinglemothers.Sincethelate1970sthefigurehasbeenabout60percent.（1964年，当林登•约翰逊宣布向贫困宣战时，只有30%的有孩子的贫困家庭由单身母亲抚养。自20世纪70年代末以来，这个数字一直在60%左右）可知选C选项“20世纪70年代末以来，贫困单亲家庭的比例翻了一番”；A选项“现在越来越多的贫困家庭的孩子生活在单亲家庭”，B选项“有孩子的贫困家庭一半以上是单亲家庭”以及D选项“离婚率自1964年以来翻了一番”原文都未提及，排除。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高气扬）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(带头，做先锋)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

问题2选项

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

问题3选项

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

问题4选项

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

问题5选项

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。

2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，这里要表达的是“丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。

3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了肤色障碍,成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。

4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。

5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。

3.单选题

Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily（

）inthecrowed.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.identifiable

C.negligible

D.incredible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accessible“易接近的，可进入的”；identifiable“可辨认的，可认明的”；negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的”。句意：她穿着亮黄色的外套，在人群中很容易被认出来。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

问题1选项

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府有必要吸引更多投资到造船业。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Itisimperative（essential/necessary/desirable/important/vital..等）+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气:动词原形或should+动词原形。故选C。

5.单选题

Weareinaneraofinformationprocession（）therearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhocanqualify.

问题1选项

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.where

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于inanarea，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。

6.单选题

W:Wouldyoulikemetogetyousometea?

M:Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwant?

问题1选项

A.Todrinkteainawhile.

B.Toprepareteahimself.

C.Togetthewomansometealater.

D.Todrinksomethingelse.

【答案】A

【解析】根据男士的回答“Notnow,thanks.Maybelater.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项‘一会儿再喝’正确。

7.单选题

Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps（）rigiddepartmentalboundaries.

问题1选项

A.passover

B.standfor

C.breakdown

D.setoff

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。passover“越过，忽略”；standfor“代表，支持”；breakdown“分解，失败”；setoff“出发，引起”。句意：这种方法迫使经理们相互交流，并且有助于跨越严格的部门界限。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmoking

toomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysuffer—alcoholism.

Butwait.We’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitutionandbyalawofCongress.AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquors”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit.Andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakeriskstogetit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink—ortwoorthree.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanborders.DrinkerswerelikelytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.Instead,peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyremovedProhibitionbyapprovingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.DuringProhibition,illegalalcoholwas（）.

3.DuringProhibition,people（）.

4.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaw,governmentofficialsassumedthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Therewouldbenofurtherdangertothepublicfromalcoholism.

B.Therewouldbeariseinthecostofalcoholicbeverages.

C.Withoutliquor,peoplewouldnotdrink.

D.Peoplewouldnotbecomedrunkofcreateapublicnuisance.

问题2选项

A.soldopenly

B.nolongeratemptation

C.amajorfactorinthepassageoftheVolsteadAct

D.broughtacrosstheMexicanandCanadianborders

问题3选项

A.livedinfearofthelaw

B.werewillingtoriskarrestforthepleasureofliquor

C.recklesslyendangeredtheircommunities

D.wererespectfulofthelegalsanctionsplacedonthem

问题4选项

A.everyAmericanwouldbuyalcoholillegally

B.allcriminalactivitieswouldcease

C.patrolsoftheCanadianborderwouldhaltthesaleofalcohol

D.thesocialthreatfromdrunkennesswoulddecline

问题5选项

A.theCongresswaswisetorepealProhibition

B.theProhibitionErawascharacterizedbyadecreaseincrimeanddrunkenness

C.duringProhibition,mostAmericansstoppeddrinking

D.lawsshouldbepassedtobanthesaleofalcoholicbeverages

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,选项A、C、D在本段均有提及,只有选项B没有提及。

2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第五句“TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.”可知，非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的，所以选项D符合原文。

3.细节判断题。根据第三段的一二句“lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.”选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降，选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.”有了禁令之后，人们喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令，这一做法是明智的,选项A正确。

9.单选题

Peoplewithmoretimidpersonalitiesmustbeencouragedto（

）andtogiveorders.

问题1选项

A.getthrough

B.playsafe

C.takecharge

D.standby

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。getthrough“通过，完成”；playsafe“谨慎行事”；takecharge“掌管，负责”；standby“袖手旁观”。句意为：必须鼓励那些更加腼腆的人担起责任并发号施令。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.SirHumphreyGilbertwasthefirstEnglishmantosendcoloniststotheNewWorld.Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabethwasdefeatedbytheSpanish.Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent,sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.UnderRaleigh’sdirectioneffortswerethenmadetoestablishacolonyonRoanokeIslandin1585and1587.ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.ThefailureoftheGilbertandRaleighventuresmadeitclearthatthetaskstheyhadundertakenweretoobigforanyonecolonizer.Withinashorttimethetradingcompanyhadsupplantedtheindividualpromoterofcolonization.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

2.ThepassagestateswhichofthefollowingaboutthefirstEnglishpeopletobeinvolvedinestablishingcoloniesinNorthAmerica?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSirHumphreyGilbertistrue?

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutmembersofthefirstRoanokesettlement?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondsettlementonRoanokeIslandistrue?

问题1选项

A.TheRegulationofTradingCompanies.

B.British-SpanishRivalryintheNewWorld.

C.EarlyAttemptsatColonizingNorthAmerica.

D.RoyalPatentsIssuedinthe16thCentury.

问题2选项

A.TheywererequestedtodosobyQueenElizabeth.

B.Theyweremembersoflargetradingcompanies.

C.Theywereimmediatelysuccessful.

D.Theywereactingontheirown.

问题3选项

A.HeneversettledinNorthAmerica.

B.Histradingcompanywasgivenapatentbythequeen.

C.HefoughttheSpanishtwice.

D.Hediedin1587.

问题4选项

A.Theyexploredtheentirecoastalregion.

B.Somedidnotsurvive.

C.Theynamedthearea“Virginia”.

D.Mostwerenotexperiencedsailors.

问题5选项

A.ItssettlersallgaveupandreturnedtoEngland.

B.Itlastedforseveralyears.

C.Thefateofitsinhabitantsisunknown.

D.ItwasconqueredbytheSpanish.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。整个文章从吉尔伯特第一次尝试殖民北美到最后英国成功殖民北美的过程，所以C选项“殖民北美的早期尝试”正确。A选项“贸易公司的管理”和B选项“英国和西班牙在新世界的竞争”不是表达的重点。D选项“皇家专利颁发于16世纪”错误，这个是伊丽莎白女王允许吉尔伯特到北美的专利。因此C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一句ThefirstEnglishattemptstocolonizeNorthAmericawerecontrolledbyindividualsratherthancompanies.（英国第一次殖民北美的尝试是由个人而不是公司控制的。），可知他们自己决定怎样行动，D选项“他们自主行动”正确。A选项“伊丽莎白女王要求他们这样做”：根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition,whichsailedin1578withapatentgrantedbyQueenElizabeth（他的第一次远征是在1578年，并获得了伊丽莎白女王授予的专利权），可知不是伊丽莎白女王要求的，故错误。B选项“他们是大型贸易公司的成员”文中没有提到。C选项“他们很快就成功了”：在1578年和1583年分别进行了两次尝试，都失败了，可知进展不顺利，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第三句Hisinitialexpedition…wasdefeatedbytheSpanish.（他的第一次远征……被西班牙击退。），和第四句Asecondattemptendedindisasterin1583,whenGilbertandhisshipwerelostinastorm.（第二次尝试于1583年以灾难告终，当时吉尔伯特和他的船在一场风暴中丧生。），可知只有一次和西班牙交战，而非两次，吉尔伯特死于1583年，故C选项“他和西班牙人打了两次仗”和D选项“他死于1587年”错误；吉尔伯特两次以失败告终，没有到达北美，A选项“他从未在北美定居”符合题意。B选项“他的贸易公司被女王授予了专利权”：根据第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh,havingobtainedarenewalofthepatent（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士获得了专利的续期。），可知是个人而非公司得到专利权，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国），可知B选项“一些人没有存活下来”正确。A选项“他们探索了整个沿海地区”和C选项“他们把这个地区命名为弗吉尼亚”：根据文章第五句Inthefollowingyear,Gilbert’shalfbrother,SirWaterRaleigh…sponsoredanexpeditionthatexploredthecoastoftheregionthathenamed“Virginia”.（第二年，吉尔伯特同父异母的兄弟沃特•罗利爵士……赞助了一次探险，探索他称之为“弗吉尼亚”的地区的海岸。），可知弗吉尼亚是沃特•罗利叫的，而不是大家这么叫，也没有探索整个沿海地区。不符合文章内容。和D选项“大多数人都没有经验”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

5.语义推测题。根据文章倒数第三句ThesurvivorsofthefirstsettlementonRoanokereturnedtoEnglandin1586,butthesecondgroupofcolonistsdisappearedwithoutleavingatrace.（在罗阿诺克建立第一个殖民地的幸存者于1586年回到英国，但第二批殖民者消失得无影无踪。），可知第一批殖民者回到英国，第二批殖民者不知道具体情况，C选项“在那里的居民命运未知”正确，A选项“在那里的定居者都放弃了，回到了英国”错误。B选项“持续了好几年”和D选项“被西班牙人征服”文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

Thegovernment（）regulationsthatputthisarcheologicalsiteunderprotection.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.released

C.issued

D.published

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项discharge“准许（某人）离开，释放，排出”；B选项release“释放，发泄，免除”；C选项issue“发行，发布”；D选项publish“出版，发表，公布”。句意：政府颁布条例来保护这个考古遗址。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

12.单选题

Itisclear,allcaveatsnotwithstanding,thatapolicyandideologicalshifthastakenplacethroughoutEurope.Butthisisnotalwaysamoveawayfrommulticulturalism;sometimesitisatransformationbeyondmulticulturalismintoformsofwhatmightbecalled‘interculturalism’,atermthathasalreadymadeitsappearanceinofficialdiscoursesandhasbeenparticularlypopularinGermany.

Onestatementthatsignalsthedifferenceofemphasisinvolvedininterculturalism,beyondmulticulturalism,istobefoundintheEuropeanUnion’sseventhprincipleinthelistof'CommonBasicPrinciplesforImmigrantIntegration';'FrequentinteractionbetweenimmigrantsandMemberStatecitizensisafundamentalmechanismforintegration',andthestatementgoesontomention'Sharedforums,interculturaldialogue,educationaboutimmigrantsandimmigrantcultures',andsoforth.

Thekeypointhereisthatinsteadofamerecelebrationofdiversityanddifferentculturesasinversionsofclassicmulticulturalism,whatisinvolvedhereisthepositiveencouragementofencountersbetweendifferentethnicandfaithgroupsandthesettingupofdialoguesandjointactivities.Thishasalso,ofcourse,beenthethinkingbehindpoliciesofcommunitycohesionintheUK.Atonepoint,theBritishgovernmenthadevensuggestedtolocalcouncilsthattheyshouldnotfundsingle-communityprojects,concentratingtheirresourcesinsteadonlyonprojectsthatbroughtcommunitiestogether,butthisproposalwasdroppedasimposingtoorigidarequirement.Initsplacecamearecognitionthatsuchfundingdecisionsshouldbemadeatlocallevels,especiallybecausesingle-communityorganizationsalsoplayedavitalroleinintegratingcommunitiesintomainstreamcultureandintercommunalparticipation.

Ofcourse,thisshouldnotbetakentoimplythatinterculturaldialoguewasnotpartofpreviousmulticulturalphilosophyandpractice.Butthereisnowadefiniterecognitionthattheideaofmulticulturalismhassuccumbedtooeasilytoaninterpretationofethnicculturesashavingstrictlydefinableboundaries,havingunchangingessentialcomponents,andlackingquitefundamentalinternaldissent.Multiculturalism,inotherwords,hasbeentoopronetoessentialism,althoughitdoesnotnecessarilyentailit.

The‘multi’inmulticulturalismimmediatelygivestoomuchleewaytothespacethathasalwaysexistedin‘multiculturalisn’toenableaslippageintothinkingofethnicandnationalculturesashavingrigidboundaries.Useofthenotionofinterculturalismacts,instead,toundercutthisessentialisttendency-itcannotbyitselfcompletelypreventit-bybuildinginaconceptionofconnectedness,interaction,andinterweavingbetweenthebeliefs,practices,andlifestylesofdifferentethnicgroupsaspartofnationalculturesthatareinconstantfluxbecauseofmyriadchangesproducedbyawiderangeoftechnological,economic,politicalandculturalfactors.Inthisrespect,myproposalssharesomeelementswithHollinger’ssuggestionsforhowtheUSAshouldmovebeyondmulticulturalismbyadoptinga‘post-ethnic’perspective.

1.Whatmayhavebeendiscussedintheparagraphpriortothepassage?

2.Theword‘notwithstanding’inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthefirstsentenceofthelastparagraph?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementcanbestshowinterculturalism?

5.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutinterculturalismEXCEPT?

问题1选项

A.Theassessmentofmulticulturalism

B.Thedefinitionofinterculturalism

C.Theimportanceofculture

D.Britishculture

问题2选项

A.moreover

B.nevertheless

C.eventhough

D.therefore

问题3选项

A.Interculturalismavoidsatendencythatmulticulturalismhasencouragedthetreatmentofallnon-WesternculturesassharinglittlewithWesternculturesandideals.

B.Multiculturalismhasatendencytostressrigidboundariesandunchangingelementsofeachdifferentculture.

C.Interculturalismisclearrecognitionofthehistorical,andevenmorethecontemporary,connectednessofculturesonaglobalscale.

D.Multiculturalismfostersgenuineinterfaithdialogueandapositiveapproachtothebenefitsofaliberalandpluralistsociety.

问题4选项

A.Theinteractiveactivitiesbetweendifferentethnicgroupsarebetterfundedandessentialismisprevented.

B.Theformsofinterethnicandinterfaithconsultationandgeneralsupportforequalopportunitieswillbeprovided.

C.Interethnicandinterfaithcommunicativeformsandactivitieswillbeencouragedandbetterresourcedwhilethecoreofmulticulturalismismaintained.

D.InterculturalpolicyhasbeenadoptedintheUS

问题5选项

A.IntheUSA,thereexistsanawarenessofinterculturalism.

B.MostEuropeancountrieshaveshowedthetendencytobeinterculturalism.

C.Britishpoliciesofcommunitycohesion,thoughoppositetointerculturalprinciple,haveencouragedinterethnicandinterfaithdialoguesandjointactivities.

D.Interculturalismshouldbeseenasanemergentproce