考研考博-英语-安徽医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽医科大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.Decisionsareformedbyadecisionmaker,theonewhoactuallychoosesthefinaloption,inconjunctionwithadecisionunit,allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.Inthistheoreticalmodel,themembersofthedecisionunitreacttoanunidentifiedproblembystudyingtheproblem,determiningtheobjectivesoftheorganization,formulatingoptions,evaluatingthestrengthsandweaknessesofeachofthedecision,includingthenatureoftheproblemitself,externalforcesexertinganinfluenceontheorganization,theinternaldynamicsofthedecisionunit,andthepersonalityofthedecisionmaker.Additionally,whenadecisionmustbemadeinacrisissituation,bothstressandthespeedatwhicheventsareprogressingcanhaveaneffect,oftenanegativeone,onthedecisionprocess.

Duringrecentyears,decisionmakinghasbeenstudiedsystematicallybydrawingfromsuchdiverseareasofstudyaspsychology,sociology,business,government,history,mathematics,andstatistics.Analysesofdecisionsoftenemphasizeoneofthreeprincipalconceptualperspectives(thoughoftentheapproachthatisactuallyemployedissomewhateclectic).

Intheoldestofthethreeapproaches,decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.Itisassumedthatthisrationalactorhasclearobjectivesinmind,developsnumerousreasonableoptions,considerstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachoptioncarefully,choosesthebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis,andthenproceedstoimplementitfully.Avariationoftherationalactormodelisdecisionmakerwhoissatisfier,onewhoselectsthefirstsatisfactoryoptionratherthancontinuingthedecisionmakingprocessuntiltheoptimaldecisionhasbeenreached.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromtheinformationinparagraph1thatthetheoreticaldecisionmakingprocess（

）.

2.Thephrase“inconjunctionwith”inparagraph1couldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

3.Allofthefollowingarelistedinparagraph1ashavinganeffectondecisionsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3thatrationalactorwouldbeleastlikelyto

（

）.

5.Theword“it”inline5,Paragraph3refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.involvesonlythedecisionmaker

B.requiresthecontemplationofnumerousoptions

C.ismadewithoutthedecisionunit

D.doesnotworkinreal-lifesituations

问题2选项

A.alongwith

B.tiedto

C.apartfrom

D.connectedto

问题3选项

A.evaluationoftheproblem

B.focusonobjectives

C.generationofoptions

D.open-endeddiscussions

问题4选项

A.dealwithaspecificthreat

B.workinarandomfashion

C.pondervariousoptions

D.considerdisadvantagesofoptions

问题5选项

A.eachoption

B.carefulanalysis

C.thebestoption

D.variation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据首段第一句“Inatheoreticalmodelofdecisionmaking,adecisionisdefinedastheprocessofselectingoneoptionfromamongagroupofoptionsforimplementation.”在决策的理论模型中，决策被定义为从一组执行选项中选择一个选项的过程。也就是说，需要考虑多种选择，选项B符合原文。

2.推理判断题。根据下文“…allofthoseintheorganizationaroundthedecisionmakerwhotakepartintheprocess.”……组织中所有参与了这个过程的人都围绕着决策者。由此可推测，决策者和组织是紧密相连的，所以选项D更恰当。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句，决策单元的成员对一个身份不明的问题做出反应，需要通过研究问题，确定组织的目标，制定方案，评估每一个决策的优点和缺点，包括问题本身的性质，对组织施加影响的外部力量，决策单元的内部动态以及决策者的个性。选项A属于评估每一个决策的优点和缺点；选项B属于确定组织的目标；选项D属于决策单元内部的动态；所以，只有选项C没有涉及。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句“decisionsaremadebyarationalactor,whomakesaparticulardecisiondirectlyandpurposefully,inresponsetoaspecificthreatfromtheexternalenvironment.”决策由理性的人做出，他针对来自外部环境的特定威胁，直接而有目的地做出特定的决策。由此可知，他们做事是带有目的性的，而不是随机应变的，所以他们最不可能做的是选项B。

5.推理判断题。根据原文句意可知，这里的“it”指的是上文提到的“thebestoptionaftercarefulanalysis”经过仔细分析而选择出的最佳选项。选项C正确。

2.单选题

Amysteriousblackcloudapproachestheearth—ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.

ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.

ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.

Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropicsasmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.

Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperature,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.

BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.

1.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature____________.

2.FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause____________.

3.MillionsofpeopleinCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause____________.

4.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat____________.

5.Theinsectpopulationincreaseddueto____________.

问题1选项

A.stayedateighty

B.rangedfromeightytoninety

C.approachedonehundred

D.exceededthehundredmark

问题2选项

A.thetemperaturewastolerable

B.peopleremainedindoorsforweeks

C.thegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperature

D.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners

问题3选项

A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhot

B.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreased

C.theirconditionsweretoodangerous

D.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperature

问题4选项

A.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossible

B.moreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlives

C.fewerpeoplecouldbesaved

D.survivalordeathwasstillundecided

问题5选项

A.thehotair

B.thetropicalclimate

C.therainclouds

D.thedampatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句IntheBritishIslesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.（在不列颠群岛，温度从80度上升到90度，并接近100度。），可知不列颠群岛的温度快接近100度，故C选项“接近100”正确。A选项“保持在80度”，B选项“从80上升到90度”和D选项“超过100度”错误。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.（美国的死亡人数仍然很少，这在很大程度上要归功于前几年和前几个月安装的空调设备。），可知，在美国很少人因为高温而丧生得益于空调，故D选项“人们装有最舒适的空调”正确。A选项“温度还可以忍受”和B选项“人们在室内待了几个星期”：根据第三段第二句Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.（全国各地气温上升到人类承受能力的极限，人们被迫连续数周待在室内。），可知这气温已超出承受范围，故A选项错误，并且因为气温太高人们不得不待在室内，这是高温带来的影响而非只有少数人死亡的原因，故B选项错误。C选项“政府已经采取了有效的措施来降低高温”：文章没有提到政府做了什么，故错误。因此D选项正确。

3.实细节题。根据第五段第一句Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose…toproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity.（最终，海水表层的温度上升了……致命的湿度增加。）和第三句grewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday（天气一天比一天潮湿和炎热），可知是海水温度和湿度增加影响的开罗和好望角地区，故B选项“随着海洋表层海水湿度的增加，温度变得更潮湿、更热”正确，A选项“温度变得非常热”中仅仅因为温度变化不至于造成这样的结果。C选项“他们的条件太危险了”：这是对这情况的描述而非原因，故错误。D选项“他们对高温无计可施”：根据第四段第二句ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellarshewasabletodig.（人类之所以能活下来，完全是因为挖到了洞穴和地窖。），可知人类运用了一些对策面对高温，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第六段BythefourthweekofJuly…Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle…Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved…asitwasunfavorabletoManandmanyotheranimals.（到了七月的第四个星期……温度降低了一点……但不能说情况有所改善……就像对人类和许多其他动物不利一样），可知对人类来说，气温的威胁降低了，可是其他的危险同时出现，人类安全与否仍然未知，故D选项“生死仍未定”正确。A选项“人类将不可能存活”，B选项“越来越多的人将失去生命”和C选项“更少的人可以被拯救”与句意不符，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第六段最后一句Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmosphere（昆虫的数量急剧增加，因为灼热的大气对它们有利），可知昆虫因为灼热的大气而增加，故A选项“灼热的大气”正确。B选项“热带气候”C选项“云雨天气”和D选项“潮湿的空气”：文章没有说这些因素和昆虫数量增多的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Ultimately,thecaseprovedtohavenothingtodowithhim.

问题1选项

A.Remarkably

B.Presumably

C.Noticeably

D.Eventually

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Remarkably显著地B.Presumably大概；想必

C.Noticeably明显地D.Eventually最终

【答案】D

【考查点】副词辨析

【解题思路】原词Ultimately“最终”，D选项Eventually“最终”与之语义最接近。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原文语义。

【句意】最终证明这一案件与他无关。

4.单选题

Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.Thefirstisthebroadareaofcommunication,whichincludesimpartinginformationbyuseoflanguage,communicatingwithagrouporanindividual,andspecializedcommunicationthroughperformance.Apersonconveysthoughtsandideasthroughchoiceofwords,byatoneofvoicethatispleasantorunpleasant,gentleorharsh,bytherhythmthatisinherentwithinthelanguageitself,andbyspeechrhythmsthatareflowingandregularorunevenandhesitant,andfinally,bythepitchandmelodyoftheutterance.Whenspeakingbeforeagroup,aperson’stonemayindicateunsurenessorfright,confidenceorcalm.Atinterpersonallevels,thetonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen,ormaybeliethem.Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener.Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture.Themotivationderivedfromthetext,andinthecaseofsinging,themusic,incombinationwiththeperformer’sskills,personality,andabilitytocreateempathywilldeterminethesuccessofartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunication.

Second,thevoicegivespsychologicalcluestoaperson’sself-image,perceptionofothers,andemotionalhealth.Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits.Alsothesoundmaygiveacluetothefacadeormaskofthatperson,forexample,ashypersonhidingbehindanoverconfidentfront.Howaspeakerperceivesthelistener’sreceptiveness,interest,orsympathyinanygivenconversationcandrasticallyalterthetoneofpresentation,byencouragingordiscouragingthespeaker.Emotionalhealthisevidencedinthevoicebyfreeandmelodicsoundsofthehappy,byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry,andbydullandlethargicqualitiesofthedepressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbystatingthat,atinterpersonallevels,tonemayreflectideasandfeelingsoverandabovethewordschosen(lines8-9)?

3.Whydoestheauthormentionartistic,political,orpedagogiccommunicationinline15?

4.Accordingtothepassage,anexuberanttoneofvoicemaybeanindicationofaperson’s

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesaconstrictedandharshvoiceindicate?

问题1选项

A.Thefunctionofthevoiceinperformance

B.Theconnectionbetweenvoiceandpersonality

C.Communicationstyles

D.Theproductionofspeech

问题2选项

A.Feelingsareexpressedwithdifferentwordsthanideasare.

B.Thetoneofvoicecancarryinformationbeyondthemeaningofwords.

C.Ahightoneofvoicereflectsanemotionalcommunication.

D.Feelingsaremoredifficulttoexpressthanideas.

问题3选项

A.Asexamplesofpublicperformance.

B.Asexamplesofbasicstylesofcommunication

C.Tocontrastthemtosinging

D.Tointroducetheideaofself-image

问题4选项

A.generalphysicalhealth

B.personality

C.abilitytocommunicate

D.vocalquality

问题5选项

A.lethargy

B.depression

C.boredom

D.anger

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句Anumberoffactorsrelatedtothevoicerevealthepersonalityofthespeaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B“嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Heretheconversant’stonecanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyreflectintuitivesympathyorantipathy,lackofconcernorinterest,fatigue,anxiety,enthusiasmorexcitement,allofwhichareusuallydiscerniblebytheacutelistener提到交谈者的语气有意或者无意地表达出直观的同情或反感，冷漠或感兴趣，疲劳、紧张、热情或激动等等。选项B“语气可能带着超越言语意思的信息”符合题意。

3.文章第一段Publicperformanceisamannerofcommunicationthatishighlyspecializedwithitsowntechniquesforobtainingeffectsbyvoiceand/orgesture提到公开表演是一种高度专业的交流方式，需要通过声音的技巧或手势来取得所需要的效果，题目中artistic,political等都属于这一类公开表演。选项A符合题意。

4.文章第二段Self-imagecanbeindicatedbyatoneofvoicethatisconfident,pretentious,shy,aggressive,outgoing,orexuberant,tonameonlyafewpersonalitytraits提到自我形象可以通过语气来表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑衅、友好等等，这些都是个性的特点。选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段byconstrictedandharshsoundoftheangry可知选项D符合题意。

5.翻译题

Thereare2shortpassagesinthispart.PassageAisforyoutotranslatefromEnglishtoChineseandpassageBisfromChinesetoEnglish.

PassageA

Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayaround.Traditionalcustom,takentheworldover,isamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions,nomatterhowabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.

Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithpureeyes.Eveninhisphilosophicalprobinghecannotgobehindcertainstereotypes.JohnDeweyhassaidthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividual,asagainstanywayinwhichhecanaffecttraditionalcustom,isastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofthemothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalk.

PassageB

教育的主要目标之一就是给未来的公民准备好他们在成人社会占有一席之地所需要的一切。当今的成人社会由男人和女人组成，所以男女分开的学校怎么可能为他们的将来做好恰当的准备呢？男女同校的教育给孩子提供的完全是现实社会的真实缩影。男孩女孩都有机会互相了解，有机会学着从小在一起生活。在这里，他们可以在学习能力、体育运动成绩和许多课外活动方面进行相互比较，这些都是学校生活的一部分。

【答案】风俗一般不被认为是什么重要的课题。我们认为我们大脑的内部活动特别值得研究。但对于传统风俗，我们却觉得那不过是最平常的行为而已。但事实恰恰相反。全世界的风俗习惯是很多具体行为的集合，这些具体行为不管有多不正常，也比任何个体行为令人惊讶。这只是问题的次要方面。最重要的是，风俗习惯在人们的经验及信仰上扮演的重要角色以及它所体现的多样性。

没有人能以纯净的眼睛看待世界。即使在哲学探索中，他也没有彻底抛弃成见。约翰•杜威曾经说过，风俗对于个体行为的塑造之于个体对风俗的影响，正如一个人的母语词汇与他的咿呀学语一样。

Amajorgoalofeducationistoprepareeverythingtheyneedforfuturecitizenstotheirplaceinadultsociety.Today’sadultcommunityiscomposedofmenandwomen,so,howcanschoolsseparatemenandwomentomakeappropriatepreparationsfortheirfuture?Whatco-educationaleducationprovidedtochildreniscompletelytruemicrocosmoftherealworld.Theyhavetheopportunitytohavemutualunderstandingandlearntolivetogether.Here,theycancomparewitheachotherinlearningabilities,sportsperformanceandmanyextra-curricularactivitiesandallofthesearepartsofschoollife.

6.单选题

Anenergytaxwouldcurbordinaryairpollution,limitoilimportsandcutthebudget（

）.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.defect

C.discrepancy

D.deficit

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。

7.单选题

heboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles（）rightaway.

问题1选项

A.hadtobeprinted

B.shouldhavebeenprinted

C.havebeenprinted

D.beprinted

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。当句中出现deem,suggest,insist,require等表主观愿望的词时,

从句需要使用虚拟语气,

即should+动词原形,should可省略。根据句意：委员会认为迫切需要立即把这些文件打印出来。由此可知文件还没打印,

所以不用完成时。选项D正确。

8.单选题

Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

问题1选项

A.contributeto

B.attributeto

C.attendto

D.devoteto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项contributeto“（造成某情况）的一个原因”；B选项attributeto“把……归因于”；C选项attendto“处理；照料”；D选项devoteto“献身于；作……专用”。句意：摄入太多脂肪会______心脏病和引起高血压。根据语境，摄入太多脂肪是造成心脏病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情况）的一个原因”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

问题1选项

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；B选项careless“粗心的；无忧无虑的”；C选项indifferent“冷淡的；不关心的”D选项cold“冷淡的，不热情的”。句意：他对别人的态度漠不关心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“对…漠不关心”，因此C项正确。

10.写作题

Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.

【答案】略

11.单选题

Therealitydoesnotalways（

）toone’sexpectations.

问题1选项

A.contribute

B.add

C.amount

D.correspond

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；出力”；B选项add“增加”；C选项amount“总计；合计；等于”；D选项correspond“符合；相应”。句意：现实并不总是尽如人意。句中的reality“现实”和expectation“期望”之间应有的关系是“符合”，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Oneofthefirst（

）ofreducedburninginAmazonrainforestswasthechestnutindustry:smoketendstodriveouttheinsectthat,bypollinatingchestnuttree,allowchestnutstodevelop.

问题1选项

A.reformers

B.casualties

C.critics

D.beneficiaries

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。reformer改革家，改良者；casualty伤亡人员；critics评论家；beneficiaries受益人。句意：在亚马逊雨林中减少焚烧的直接受益者之一是栗子工业：通过给栗树授粉，使栗子发育的昆虫往往会被烟雾赶走。根据冒号后的内容可判断空格处应填一个正面的积极词汇，故D项正确。

13.单选题

Thosewhoareunder18arenot（

）tojointhisclub.

问题1选项

A.available

B.legitimate

C.capable

D.eligible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”；legitimate意为“合法的，合理的”；capable意为“有能力的”；eligible意为“合适的”。

句意：18岁以下的人加入这个俱乐部是违法的。

14.单选题

Youmustn'tallowyourworktobecomesloppy,butratheryoushouldtrytoimproveit.

问题1选项

A.falloff

B.comeoff

C.putoff

D.wearoff

【答案】A

【解析】动词短语辨析。句意:你不应该让你的工作水平下滑，而应当努力提高。、

falloff:下降，降低。comeoff:举行，达到效果。Putoff：推迟，延迟。Wearoff:麿损，逐渐消逝。sloppy:马虎的，草率的，粗心的。故A与原文相符。

15.填空题

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelseforexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.IfyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensivelikeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatallprovidedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列举了一些可能发生的危险的例子，比如房子烧毁，地板被老鼠和甲虫吃掉等。此空作为第一段的最后一句，G项“一切都有可能发生，”与第一句呼应。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保险是强制性的。可知接下来的内容会讲到强制性的保险。而C项正好是一个强制性保险的例子。故C项正确。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保险只是为了保护道路使用者免受他人的伤害。”可知这种保险有局限性，E项中的comprehensive与原文中的only很自然地形成对比。故E项正确。句意：如果你想为可能发生在你或你的车身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以买一份综合保险。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一个6000人组成的团体，并且受委员会管制。故空格处如果填D项“Lloyd's不是一般意义上的保险公司，而是一个保险市场，你不能直接和它做生意。”能与上下文自然地衔接。

5.空前提到“只要你缴纳保险费，Lloyd's会保护你的一切危险。”接下来空格后举例“小丑可能会为他的鼻子买保险”。而A项“钢琴家会为他们的手买保险”正好与下文的例子构成并列关系，并且是对上文的论证。故A项正确。

16.单选题

Thelawondrinkinganddrivingis（

）stated.

问题1选项

A.extravagantly

B.empirically

C.explicitly

D.exceptionally

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；B选项empirically“以经验为主地”；C选项explicitly“明确地，明白地”；D选项exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根据关键词“law法律”和“stated被表明，被解释”，可知“明确地”符合题意，句意为：有关醉酒驾驶的法律规定得很清楚。故正确答案选C。

17.翻译题

作为中国历史上一个文化与智慧迅速扩张的时代，诸子百家始于公元前770年，终于公元前222年。这个时代被誉为中国思想的黄金时期和百家争鸣的时期，它见证了不同思想学派的兴起。

不少起源于这个时代的中国古典著作直到今日对中国人的生活方式和社会意识还有着深远的影响。这个时代的知识型社会以流动的智者为特征，这些智者被不同国家的君主任用为顾问，针对治国之道、治军之道和外交手段提出建议。

儒家思想可能是对国人生活最具有长远影响的本体思想。它还被称为学者学派，其文学遗产存在于儒家典籍中，这些典籍为传统社会奠定了基础，这种思想的代表人物是孔子，他主张君主以仁治国。孟子是孔子的弟子，他为儒家思想中人道的传播做出了主要贡献，宣扬“人性本善”。

中国同样见证了国学思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的发展。它由传说中的圣人老子和庄子所构建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的个人而不是社会中的个人。根据道家思想，每个人的生活目标应该是调整自我来适应自然世界的节奏，顺应宇宙的模式，和谐生活。

总而言之，“百家争鸣”的景象出现在2500年前的春秋时期和2200年前的战国时期，2400年前，诸子百家的出现以及他们的倡导者老子和孔子都在世界哲学史的发展过程中占据了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

18.单选题

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

问题1选项

A.beingthere

B.shouldtherebe

C.therewas

D.therehavingbeen

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中应填入虚拟条件句，因为省略if，所以应使用倒装，选项C和D可排除。根据句意可知，句子是对将来的虚拟，主句形式为should/could/would/might+动词原形，从句形式为should+动词原形。句意：如果突然发出很大的声音，这些动物很可能会受到惊吓。因此选项B符合题意。

19.填空题

UnemploymentintheWest:Thequestforjobs

Itisnot（1）forpoliticianstoreducetheWest'sfrighteninglyhighunemploymentlevels.

ALITTLFgeographicalimaginationhelpstoconveythescaleofjoblessnessintheWest.Ifthe44mpeoplewhoare（2）inthemainlyrichmembersoftheOECDlivedinonecountry,itspopulationwouldbesimilarto（3）.InSpainitself,whichhastheWest'shighestjoblessrate(21%),thenumberofpeople（4）workmatchesthecombinedpopulationofMadridandBarcelona.InAmericathe14mpeopleofficiallyjoblesswould（5）thefifth-most-populousstateintheunion.Andinthe11m“underemployed”,whoareworkinglessthantheywouldlike,anditisthesizeofTexas.

Thelandscapeisnotuniformlybleak.Germany,forexample,nowhasa（6）joblessratethanbeforethefinancialcrisis.Butinmostoftherichworldthe（7）ofpeopleunemployed,thoughdownabitfromitspeakin2009,（8）stillalarminglyhigh,evenasfearsmountthatseveralcountriesmaybeslippingbackintorecession.Andthehumancostoftheeconomiccrisisispaidlargely（9）thosewhoareoutofwork,forjoblessnessincreasesdepression,divorce,substanceabuseandprettymucheverythingthatcango（10）inalife.

Worse,today'sjoblessnessisaparticularlydangeroussort.Adisproportionateshareofthoseoutofworkarcyoung,andyouthunemploymentleavesmorescars,intermsoflowerfuturewagesandgreaterlikelihoodoffutureunemployment.

【答案】1.impossible

2.unemployed

3.Spain’s

4.without

5.form

6.lower

7.number

8.is

9.by

10.wrong

【解析】1.词汇题。该处句型为:Itis...forsb.todosth.,因此应填入一个形容词。根据文章可推测,此处句意为:对于政客们来说，降低西方国家令人为之恐惧的高失业率并不是不可能。