考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽农业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

问题1选项

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项treatment“治疗，疗法，处理，对待”；B选项board“董事会，木板，甲板，膳食”；C选项applause“欢呼，喝彩，鼓掌欢迎，掌声”；D选项comment“评论，意见，批评，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：这部影片受到了观众冷落。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Thoughherparents____hermusicalability,JerriLou’spianoplayingisreallyterrible.

问题1选项

A.pourscornon

B.heappraiseupon

C.giveventto

D.castlightupon

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析与上下文语义。A选项pourscornon“嘲笑”；B选项heappraiseupon“大加称赞”；C选项giveventto“发泄；吐露”；D选项castlightupon“使明白；阐明（某个问题或情况）”。句意：虽然她的父母____她的音乐能力，JerriLous的钢琴真的弹得不好。根据Though“虽然”推断，前后两个分句意义发生转折，后一个分句是贬，那么前一个分句应该是褒，B选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

3.单选题

Ifyougototheparkeverydayinthemorning,youwill（

）findhimdoingphysicalexercisethere.

问题1选项

A.logically

B.ordinarily

C.invariably

D.persistently

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。logically“逻辑上”；ordinarily“通常地，惯常地”；invariably“总是，不变的”persistently“坚持地”。由gototheparkeveryday及“there”可推知C项正确。句意：如果你每天早晨都去公园，你会发现他总是在那里做运动。答案C

4.问答题

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】试题答案：B;with

【解析】考查独立主格。with表示伴随状况，其结构为：with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。

5.单选题

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity（

）?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（

）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss（

）?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic（

）?

问题1选项

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

问题2选项

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

问题3选项

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

问题4选项

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：很多人相信科学通过_______帮助社会进步。通过题干关键词“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience（然而，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面），这里明确指出社会进步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience，因此B选项正确。A选项“应用知识”，C选项“仅靠技术”，D选项“利用机器”，A，C，D选项都不够全面。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

2.细节判断题。题干：关于好奇心，以下哪个选项不正确？由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上，他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系，即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的），选项B对应前一个分句，选项C对应and后的第二个分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.（此外，他认为他可以改善现有的条件，并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。），表示他对自己有信心，且从这一过程获得愉悦，即pleasure，A也符合文意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.细节判断题。通过文章可知，一个成功的科学家不会_________。根据第六段首句的内容，选项A中的uncheckedstatements是对“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括，说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论，故选A。选项B“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致，所以排除B选项，选项C“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除C选项，选项D“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除D选项。故排除。从文中可知，科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论，但是他不仅批判别人的工作，还批判自己的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自己观察所得。综上所述，本题正确答案是A选项。

4.主旨大意题。题干：文章主要讨论的是？文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考，第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面，之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括，可见本文的主要内容是关注methodsofthinkingandacting，故选C。A、B、D选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题正确答案是C选项。

5.观点态度题。在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价，可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式，故选B“客观的”。A选项“批评的”，C选项“有偏见的”和D选项“不清楚的”，均不是作者的观点。综上所述，本题正确答案是B选项。

6.单选题

Maximumbenefitstypicallyrangefrom$50,000to$250,000,thoughsome（）havenolimit.

问题1选项

A.policies

B.bills

C.charges

D.prices

【答案】C

【解析】句意：最大的福利通常在5万至25万美元之间，不过有些费用没有上限。bills一般指账单；charge做动词意为指控，要价；做名词意为费用，手续费等。所以选项C更合适。

7.单选题

AnOlympicMarathonis26milesand385yards,approximately（

）fromMarathontoAthens.

问题1选项

A.thedistance

B.distance

C.thedistanceis

D.isthedistance

【答案】A

【解析】句意:奥林匹克马拉松赛长26英里385码，该段距离大致是从马拉松到雅典的距离。

语法题。考查同位语。分析句子结构知“approximatelyfromMarathontoAthens.”是对前一句的“26milesand385yards”距离进行补充说明;故这里填写的词应该是这个距离的同位语,因此A项“thedistance”正确。

8.单选题

Ifyoukeeponoverworkingyourself,yourhealthwill（

）.

问题1选项

A.degenerate

B.deteriorate

C.degrade

D.deform

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”；deteriorate“恶化”；degrade“贬低，使丢脸”；deform“使变形，使成畸形”。句意：如果你继续过度工作，你的健康状况会变坏。B项符合题意。

9.单选题

Therewasnotrafficvisible,butTangoholduphisrightarmmajestically,asthoughhe______acrowdofroaringtrucks.

问题1选项

A.ishalting

B.hadhalted

C.wouldbehalting

D.werehalting

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。asthough在这里引导了后面的虚拟语气，表示“仿佛”；此处是对过去的虚拟，因此从句用过去时态，又因为语境需要，表示动作正在进行，A、B、C选项时态均不对，只有D项符合。句意：路上看不到车辆，但探戈庄严地举起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼啸的卡车。故正确答案为D。

10.单选题

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.

Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.

Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.

IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.

Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.

Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

56.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

57.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplay,thatisto______.

58.Intheauthorsopinion,marriage______.

59.Coupleshavinginfantchildren______.

60.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill______.

问题1选项

A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.

B.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.

C.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.

D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.

问题2选项

A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappiness

B.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun

C.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlives

D.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties

问题3选项

A.affordsgreaterfun

B.leadstoraisingchildren

C.indicatescommitment

D.endsinpain

问题4选项

A.areluckysincetheycanhaveawholenightssleep

B.findfunintuckingthemintobedatnight

C.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem

D.derivehappinessfromtheirendeavor

问题5选项

A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothers

B.makethebestuseofhistimeincreasinghappiness

C.giveafreehandtomoney

D.keephimselfwithhisfamily

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】56.推理判断题。题干意思是“下列哪一项是正确的？”。第二段最后三句指出Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.（娱乐是我们在表演过程中所体验到的，幸福是一个行为之后的感受，它是一种更深刻、更持久的情感）可知，幸福是一种持久的体验，而娱乐只是在过程中体验到的，它是短暂的；所以C项“幸福是持久的，而娱乐是短暂的”正确。A项“娱乐创造持久的满足感”表述与原文相反；B项“娱乐带来快乐，而痛苦带来幸福”，表述不准确，不是所有的幸福都是痛苦带来的；D项“长期存在的娱乐可能会带来幸福”在第三段最后一句有提及Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.（但娱乐并不能带来幸福，因为当乐趣结束时，它们的积极影响也随之终止），所以D项错误。因此，该题选择C项正确。

57.细节事实题。题干意思是“对作者来说，好莱坞明星都有一个重要的作用，那就是……”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.（我常常这样想，如果好莱坞明星有什么作用的话，那就是告诉我们幸福与娱乐毫无关系），所以B项“告诉公众幸福与乐趣无关”正确。文中提到明星的回忆录充满着不幸，是为了和他们那些意味着“幸福”的东西做比较，来论证第四段的中心句，所以A项“写一本又一本关于他们幸福的回忆录”和D项“给公众带来快乐而不是去参加迷人的聚会”不能准确表达作者的意思；C项“教人们如何享受生活”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

58.细节事实题。题干意思是“在作者的观点中，婚姻……”。根据第五段前两句Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment,forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.（问问一个单身汉，为什么即使他发现约会越来越不令人满意，他也会拒绝结婚；如果他是诚实的，他会告诉你他害怕做出承诺，因为承诺其实是相当痛苦的）可知，婚姻意味着承诺，所以C项“表示承诺”正确。第五段提到Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.（单身生活充满了乐趣、冒险和刺激，婚姻也有这样的时刻，但它们并不是婚姻最显著的特征）可知，婚姻也充满乐趣，但是这不是最显著的特征，文章没有提到婚姻会带来更大的乐趣，所以A项“提供更大的乐趣”错误；B项“导致抚养孩子”太绝对，婚姻中也可以选择不要孩子；第五段虽然提到了couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.（选择不要孩子的夫妇是在选择无痛的乐趣，而不是痛苦的幸福），但婚姻是痛苦的幸福是因为带孩子就没有很多休息时间，痛苦但幸福着，而不是说婚姻是以痛苦为结尾，D项“在痛苦中结束”偷换概念。因此，该题选择C项正确。

59.推理判断题。题干意思是“有婴儿的夫妇……”。根据题干定位到文章第五段，Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.（同样，选择不要孩子的夫妇是在选择无痛的乐趣，而不是痛苦的幸福。他们可以随时外出用餐，想睡多久就睡多久。带着婴儿的夫妇能得到一整夜的睡眠或三天的假期就很幸运了。我不知道有哪个父母会选择“乐趣”这个词来形容养育孩子。），由此可以推断，带孩子的夫妇是在带孩子的痛苦中找到快乐的幸福感，所以D项“从他们的努力中获得幸福”符合题意。A项“很幸运，因为他们可以睡一整晚”和C项“找更多的时间去玩和与他们开玩笑”与原文不符，原文是说没有孩子的夫妇可以随时出去玩；B项“在晚上给他们掖被子的时候找到乐趣”文中没有提到掖被子。因此，该题选择D项正确。

60.细节事实题。题干意思是“如果一个人懂得了快乐的真正意义，他就会……”。根据最后一段第二句nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.（现在我们可以把更多的时间投入到能够真正增加我们幸福的活动中）可知B项“充分利用他的时间增加幸福”正确。第三句提到buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.（买一辆新车或那些花哨的衣服对增加我们的快乐毫无用处）可知C项“自由支配金钱”不正确；A项“停止玩游戏去和别人开玩笑”和D项“和家人待在一起”在最后一段未提及。因此，该题选择B项正确。

11.单选题

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

问题1选项

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项pondering为ponder的现在分词，表示“沉思，默想”，B项intimating为intimate的现在分词，表示“暗示，通知”，C项indigenous“本土的，国产的”，D项intimidating为intimidate的现在分词，表示“恐吓，威胁”。前面的句子意思是“你说我今天看起来很放松”，后面提到了uptight（紧张），这与前面相反，可以推测空格处表示“暗示”，B项符合。句意：你说我今天看起来很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起来都是紧张的吗？因此，该题选择B项。

12.单选题

Thereasonwhytheydidn'tgetanypeopletohelpthemintheworkis（）theydidn'twanttotroubleanyone.

问题1选项

A.because

B.for

C.since

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】thereasonwhy...isthat...为特定句型。所以本题选D。

13.单选题

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

问题1选项

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项main“主要的，最大的”，B选项controversial“引起争论的，有争议的”，C选项subjective“主观的，个人的”，D选项neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的观点代表了支持者和反对者都能认同的观点和事实。因此，D选项符合句意。

14.单选题

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

问题2选项

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

问题3选项

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

问题4选项

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

问题5选项

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某种程度上，奖金的金额（2000年约为91万美元）很重要；现金价值容易模糊成威望）可知诺贝尔的丰厚奖金使它更声名显赫，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功绩超过普通人。Feldman先生的下一个问题就是质疑其真实性）可知A“诺贝尔奖的颁发可能不以功绩为依据”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（诺贝尔奖……必须在指导方针和参数范围内工作）可知与B选项“诺贝尔奖严格遵循选择原则”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑选过程中的人可能同时具有操纵性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蚀了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（坚信自己的诚意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他们看不到自己的弱点和他们文化的弱点）可知与C选项“瑞典科学院成员的意见可能是有失偏颇的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（诺贝尔保密性阻碍了新的、纠正性的批评）可知与D选项“甄选过程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科学奖以最好的成绩出现）可知Feldman先生对科学奖的评价最高，因此选A。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他认为这些奖项比一个世纪前更“健康”；是“在所有标准都受到攻击的时代，迫切需要权威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我们对伟大事物惊叹不如的能力）可知尽管诺贝尔奖有一些问题，但还是有存在的必要，因此选C。

15.翻译题

Successfulleadersareemotionallyandintellectuallyorientedtothefuture—notweddedtothepast.Theyhaveahungertotakeresponsibility,toinnovate,andtoinitiate.Theyarenotcontentwithmerelytakingcareofwhat’salreadythere.Theywanttomoveforwardtocreatesomethingnew.

Leadersprovideanswersaswellasdirection,offerstrengthaswellasdedication,andspeakfromexperienceaswellasunderstandingoftheproblemstheyfaceandthepeopletheyworkwith.

Leadersareflexibleratherthandogmatic.Theybelieveinunityratherthanconformity.Andtheystrivetoachieveconsensusoutofconflict.

Leadershipisallaboutgettingpeopleconsistentlytogivetheirbest,helpingthemtogrowtotheirfullestpotential,andmotivatingthemtoworktowardacommongood.Leadermaketherightthingshappenwhenthey’resupposedto.

Agoodleader,aneffectiveleader,isonewhohasrespect.Respectissomethingyouhaveinordertoget.Aleaderwhohasrespectforotherpeopleatalllevelsofanorganization.Fortheworktheydo,andfortheirabilities,aspirationsandneeds,willfindthatrespectisreturn.Andallconcernedwillbemotivatedtoworktogether.

【答案】成功的领导者无论在情感上还是在理智上都着眼于未来，而不是执着于过去。他们渴望创新，积极开拓。他们不满足于现状，他们想要前进去创造新事物。

领导者不仅提供指导也提供答案，不仅给予力量而且乐于奉献，他们说话既根据经验，也根据他们对所面临的问题和一起共事的人的理解。

领导者处事灵活而不武断。他们相信的是团结而不是随波逐流。他们力图在冲突中达成共识。

领导力在于让人们始终尽显其能，帮助他们最大限度地发挥自己的潜力，并激励他们朝着共同的目标而努力。领导者在必要的时候能做出正确的决断。

一个好的领导者，一个卓有成效的领导者，是一个尊重他人的人。要得到他人的尊重必须先尊重他人。一个尊重组织上各级员工，尊重他们的工作、能力、愿望和需求的领导者也会得到他人的尊重。所有这些都会激励大家共同努力。

16.单选题

Ifeverybodyhasarrivedthemeetingmay（

）now.

问题1选项

A.commence

B.criticize

C.comment

D.conclude

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commence“开始；着手”；criticize“批评；评论”；comment“发表评论”；conclude“推断；断定”。句意：如果每个人都到了，那会议就开始了。选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Americanuniversitystudentsareexpectedtoabidebythehonorsystem.

问题1选项

A.support

B.obey

C.understand

D.value

【答案】B

【解析】abideby意为遵守，信守。只有选项B与之意思相近。

18.单选题

Itisnotforbiddentodreamofbuildingabetterworld,whichisbyandlargewhatthesocialsciencestrytohelpustodo.Howtomakecitiesmoreharmonious,reducecrimerates,improvewelfare,overcomeracism,increaseourwealth—thisisthestuffofsocialsciences.Thetroubleisthatthefindingsofsocialsciencesareoftendismissedasbeingtootheoretical,tooambitiousortoounpalatable.Themethodsofresearcharealsooftenattackedfortheirlackofrigor,andcriticsarequicktopointoutthatthepeoplewhomaketheimportantdecisionspaylittleattentiontowhatsocialscientistshavetosayanyway.Thiswouldchangeifthesocialsciencesmadethemselvesmorerelevantandreadyforthesocietyofthe21stcentury.

Socialsciencesbegantotakeshapeinthe19thcentury,butcameintotheirownatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenanumberofwell-establisheddisciplines,includingeconomics,sociology,politicalscience,historyandanthropologyreallymadetheirmark.Geographyandpsychologycouldbeaddedtothatlist.However,onlysociology,politicalscienceandeconomicshavesucceededinconsolidatingtheirpositioninthesocialsciencesmainstream.Theotherswerevirtuallyallmarginalized.Moreover,powerfulinstitutionalbarriersnowseparatethevariousdisciplines.

Hardlytherightatmosphereinwhichtogrowanddealwiththeharshcriticismwhichthesocialscienceshavecomeinforfrommanyquarters,includinggovernmentsandinternationalcommissions.Radicalmeasuresarenowbeingsuggestedtoturnthingsround,fromhowtoawarduniversitychairs,tosettingsyllabiandraisingfunds.

Theneedforde-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplinesconcernsallofthesocialsciences,thoughperhapseconomicsmostofall.Onlyithasacquiredadominantpositioninmanagementandpublicaffairs.Somewouldsayithasfallenundertheswayof“unitarythinking”,withlittleroomfordebate,forexample,onthequestionofdebtreductionormonetarytightness.Moreover,manypeopledonotbelievethateconomicscienceformspartofso