考研考博-英语-哈尔滨铁道职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨铁道职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Speech—theactofutteringsoundstoconveymeaningisakindofhumanaction.Likeanyotherconstantlyrepeatedaction,speakinghastobelearned,butonceitislearned,itbecomesagenerallyunconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.

Asfaraswecandeterminehumanbeingsdonotneedtobeforcedtospeak;mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.Howtospeakandwhattosayareanothermatteraltogether,Theseactionsarelearnedfromtheparticularsocietyintowhichthebabyisborn;sothat,likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatternedactivity.

Themeanderingbabbleandchatterofayoungchildareeventuallychanneledbyimitationintoafeworderlygroovesthatrepresentthepatternacceptedasmeaningfulbythepeoplearoundhim.Similarly,achild'sindiscriminatepracticeofputtingthingsintohismouthbecomeslimitedtoputtingfoodintohismouthinacertainway.

Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.However,achildbornintoasocietywithapatternoflanguageisencouragedtomakeasmallselectionofsoundsandtomakethesefewsoundsoverandoveruntilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.

1.Foranadulttheprocessofspeakingusuallyinvolves（）

.

2.Theselectionsaysthatmostbabieshaveaninstinctivedriveto（）

.

3.Conductthatislearnedfromasocietymaybecalled（）

.

4.Themostimportantfactorinachild'slearningtospeakprobablyis（）.

5.Thesoundsthatachildisabletomakeare（）.

问题1选项

A.consciousselectionofsounds

B.imitationofthosearoundhim

C.adrivetomakenoises

D.unconsciousactions

问题2选项

A.expressideasinwords

B.makespeechliksnoises

C.Conveymeaning

D.imitatesoundsaroundthem

问题3选项

A.instinctivedrive

B.selection

C.automaticactivity

D.patternedactivity

问题4选项

A.repetition

B.selection

C.instinct

D.imitation

问题5选项

A.notasvariedasthoseusedinlanguage

B.morevariedandnumerousthanthoseinanylanguage

C.farfewerthanthoseneededtoformalanguage

D.completelydifferentfromthesoundsoflanguage

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的最后一句“Likeanyother...unconsciousandapparentlyautomaticprocess.”就像任何其他不断重复的动作一样，说话是需要学习的，但是一旦学会了，它就会变成一个通常无意识的、明显是自动的过程。所以，说话过程通常包含无意识行为。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第二段的第一句“mostbabiesscorntopossessasortofinstinctivedrivetoproducespeechlikenoises.”选项B符合原文。

第3题:根据第二段的最后一句“likeallconductthatislearnedfromasociety—fromthepeoplearoundus—speechisapatteredactivity.”选项D符合原文。

第4题:根据最后一段的最后一句“However,achild...untilitisnaturalforhimtomakethesesoundsandnoothers.”然而，一个出生在一个有语言模式的社会的孩子被鼓励对声音做一个小小的选择，并不断地发出这几个声音，直到他自然地发出这些声音，而不是其他声音。注意关键词“natural”自然的，也就是本能地发出这种声音，选项C符合原文。

第5题:根据第四段的第一句“Thesoundsthatachildcanmakearemorevariedandnumerousthanthesoundsthatanyparticularlanguageutilizes.”孩子能发出的声音比任何一种语言所使用的声音都要丰富多样。选项B符合原文。

2.单选题

ThetryptophanintheThanksgivingturkeyhad______effect,inducingsleepinthosewhoconsumedit.

问题1选项

A.aninvigorating

B.depreciatory

C.hypnotic

D.lethal

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。A选项aninvigorating“使精力充沛的”；B选项depreciatory“贬值的”；C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”；D选项lethal“致命的”。句意：感恩节火鸡中的色氨酸有______的作用，能让吃火鸡的人入睡。色氨酸可以让人们入睡，可见有让人产生困意的作用，C选项hypnotic“有催眠作用的；安眠的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Schoolstartedona_____colddayinFebruary.

问题1选项

A.severe

B.bitter

C.such

D.frozen

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。severe严峻的，剧烈的，苛刻的；bitter痛苦的，尖刻的；such这样的，如此的；frozen冻结的；冷酷的。bitter修饰cold，为常用搭配，表示“严寒的”，所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

BrazilianmusicisthoroughlyimbuedwithAfricanthemes,and（）composershavelongfoundinspirationintheblackmusicalheritage.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.sensitive

C.distinguished

D.persistent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imaginative“富于想象的，有创造力的”；B选项sensitive“敏感的”；C选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D选项persistent“执着的，持续的”。句意“巴西音乐完全融入了非洲的主题，富有想象力的作曲家早就从黑人音乐传统中找到了灵感”。选项A符合语境。

5.翻译题

感恩是一项重要的处事哲学，是生活的大智慧。人生在世，不可能事事顺通。对于各种失败和不幸，我们要豁达大度，勇敢面对，并想办法解决。面对困难，我们是懊恼抱怨，沮丧气馁，陷入绝望，还是对生活满怀感恩之心，跌倒后再爬起来呢？如果对生活感恩，你的生命将充满灿烂的阳光；如果一味怨恨，终将一无所获。

【答案】Itisanimportantphilosophyoflifeandagreatwisdomtobegrateful.Noonecanalwaysbeluckyandsuccessfulinhislife.Facedwithallkindsoffailureandmisfortune,weshouldbegenerousandbrave,andtrytosolvetheseproblems.Whenwearetrappedindifficulty,shouldwecomplainaboutitandbecomefrustratedorshouldwebegratefulforourlifeandstartagainafterfallingdown?Ifyouaregratefulforlife,yourlifewillbefullofbrightsunshine.Onthecontrary,ifyoualwayscomplainaboutlife,you’llgainnothingfinally.

6.单选题

Think,inthesecondplace,（

）menofmoralprincipleowestosocietyinregardtotheevilswhichcorruptanddegradeit.

问题1选项

A.ofthedutywhich

B.thedutyofwhich

C.thedutyinwhich

D.ofthedutyofwhichthe

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。Think作及物动词用，后面接名词时，一般要加宾补，B和C选项不符合。因此可知此句是thinkof短语中间加入插入语的结构。后面men因为是泛指，不需要定冠词the。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Wheninhisrebelliousyears,thatiswhenhewassixteenoreighteen,FrankAnderson（

）goingaroundwithastrangesetofpeopleandstayingoutverylate.

问题1选项

A.tookto

B.tookon

C.tookup

D.tookin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项taketo“（尤指短时间接触后）喜欢上，喜爱，养成（做……）的习惯”；B选项takeon“承担，接受，呈现”；C选项takeup“占用，开始从事”；D选项takein“接受，吸收，收留，欺骗”。此句是描写FrankAnderson叛逆期的行为习惯，因此选A。句意：在他叛逆的岁月里，也就是他十六或十八岁的时候，弗兰克•安德森喜欢和一群奇怪的人在一起，而且在外面待得很晚。

8.单选题

Thekeytosuccessisrememberingthateveryhurdlecrossedisonelesshurdleinthe（

）ofyourpersonalambition.

问题1选项

A.pursuit

B.proportion

C.promotion

D.propulsion

【答案】A

【解析】pursuit追求;proportion比例;promotion促进,推销;propulsion推进,推进力。根据句意可知选项中能和目标搭配的只有选项A。

9.单选题

Marywassuretowintheprize.Herbeautyandintelligencemadeher（

）fromthecandidates.

问题1选项

A.showoff

B.standout

C.appearup

D.distinguishout

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。showoff“炫耀”；standout“突出，脱颖而出”；appearup“出现”；distinguishout“分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能获奖。她的美丽和聪明将让她从候选者中脱颖而出。由前半句以及Herbeautyandintelligence可知她的外貌和才智将使她从候选者中脱颖而出。答案B

10.单选题

AssoonasHenryfoundthegemtobe（）,hewentbacktotheshopandhadhismoneyback.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.synthetic

C.identical

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】scattered分散的,散乱的；synthetic人造的,合成的；identical同一的；conspicuous显著的。句意：Henry一发现这个钻石是人造的,他立马返回商店退款。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Whatthecorrespondentsentusisan（

）newsreport.Wecandependonit.

问题1选项

A.evident

B.authentic

C.ultimate

D.immediate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。evident明显的；authentic真实的，可靠的；ultimate最终的，最后的；immediate即刻的。句意：那位记者发给我们的是一份内容真实的新闻报道。我们可以相信它。由dependon可推知该信息报道是真实的，答案B。

12.填空题

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的句意是：当成千上万的人由于经济不平衡、政治腐败和战争而饿肚子时，还有成千上万的人超重。前后进行对比，说明超重的人更多，所以more符合题意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“转移”。空格处所在句子的句意是：肥胖是一个世界性的普遍现象，它对大人孩子都有影响，它迫使除了最贫穷的国家外的所有国家把稀有资源从食品安全上转移到了照顾患有可预防的心脏病和糖尿病的人们。

3.考查动词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：超重源于摄入的食物能量超过了被消耗的能量。分析句子结构可知，为了避免重复，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子应该是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的句意是：他们把具有消费水平的人变为疯狂购买食物的消费者，这些食物通常能量很高，营养价值很低。nutritional符合题意。

5.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的句意是：此外，食物被过量生产，尤其是发达国家拥有的食物远远超过他们所需要的食物--这又是一件具有讽刺意义的事。前面已经提到过一件讽刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合题意。

6.考查动词短语。空格处所在句子的句意为：过量的食物使各大公司为销售而进行竞争。competefor“为……而竞争”。

7.考查后置定语。空格处所在句子的句意是：各大公司为了竞争，采用的手段有：广告，健康宣言，推出新产品，加量包装，还有直接针对孩子的活动。空格处所在的单词显然是用来修饰campaigns这个单词的，应该填一个过去分词来作后置定语，directtoward表示针对……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的句意是：农业、食品、杂货店、饭店、减肥业或制药业都不会获益。所以此处是一个否定的意思，not符合题意。

10.考查动词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：人们吃得多时，所有行业都会发展繁荣，所有行业都花钱请游说者去劝政府不要采取任何措施禁止过度饮食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

13.单选题

InNovember1987thegovernment（

）apublicdebateonthefuturedirectionoftheofficialsportspolicy.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.designated

C.induced

D.promoted

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项initiate“开始、发起”；B选项designate“指定、指派”；C选项induce“引诱、说服”；D选项promote“促进、提高”。由关键词“government”和“publicdebate公开辩论”，判断可知空格部分单词意思为“发起”，句意为：1987年11月，政府就官方体育方针政策的未来走向发起了一场公开辩论。故正确答案选A。

14.单选题

Themoonisnotaplanet（）theplanetsinmanyrespects.

问题1选项

A.resembling

B.whichresembles

C.butresemblanceto

D.althoughitresembles

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词not和inmanyrespect可知此句句意为：尽管月球在许多方面与行星相似，但它不是行星。因此D项符合句意和语法。

15.单选题

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation“展示，陈述”；preparation“预备，准备”；preference“偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential“潜能，可能性”。

句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowhehasto（）theconsequences.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.stepinto

C.abideby

D.runinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。answerfor“对……负责”；stepinto“进入”;abideby“遵守”；runinto“遭遇，陷入”。前半句提到“他没有履行合同的一些条款”，因此他需要对此负责，选项A符合题意。

17.单选题

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,it’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuchuniversalinterest?Don’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof‘thesportingspirit’issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,forinstance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentspoilsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmayweltask.Theanswerissimple:theyarcuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimproved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thetawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor’sopinionofnowadays’humanbeingsis（）.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis（）.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.notveryhigh

B.high.

C.contemptuous.

D.critical.

问题2选项

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.

D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.

问题3选项

A.tocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday’speople.

B.togiveanexample.

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.

问题4选项

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Seven.

问题5选项

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.

B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.

C.thatwemustlakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.

D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段指出：现在的我们和罗马人的区别在于，罗马人诚实的承认他们暴力且嗜血，而我们则使用各种理由来掩盖自己和罗马人一样的本性。第二段作者以暴力的体育运动为例进行阐述，但在第三段指出，人们努力进行改善，比如社会福利和法律，尽管没有成功但有所改观。作者一直站在客观的角度阐述事实，并没有体现出轻蔑和批判的语气，并且对人们还抱有期望，所以作者只是对现在的人们评价不高，选项A更加恰当。

2.判断推理题。根据上一题的分析可知，作者是不希望看到暴力危险的体育运动的，所以作者希望法律能够禁止暴力危险的体育运动，选项A符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据原文第一段中所提及的“Humanbeingsremainsasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.人类仍然和以前一样嗜血。”作者之所以提到罗马人，不仅仅是以此来举例或者是和现在的人进行比较，作者真正的目的在于强调现在的人们和以前的罗马人一样嗜血。所以选项D更恰当。

4.细节事实题。原文提到的危险体育运动有：boxing(拳击);bearbaiting(逗熊游戏);hunting(打猎);bull-fighting(斗牛);carscrashing(赛车)。所以选项B正确。

5.作者意图题。根据第三段的最后两句话“Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings.如果我们禁止危险和暴力的体育运动，我们就向改善人类又迈进了一步。我们将认识到暴力是人类的堕落和不值得。”由此可知，作者认为通过禁止暴力运动，人们能够改善自我。选项A符合原文。

18.单选题

W:That’stheworstpaintingIhaveeverseen.

M:Comeon.It’snotthatbad.

Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?

问题1选项

A.Heisencouragingthewoman.

B.Heisrejectingthewoman'sidea.

C.Heismakingacomment.

D.Heiscomfortingthewoman.

【答案】C

【解析】女士说那幅画是她见过最糟糕的，但男士认为那幅画也没有那么糟糕，由此可知男士是在发表自己的看法。C选项正确。

19.单选题

Itisa(n)（

）thattheFrencheatsomuchrichfoodandyethavearelativelylowrateofheartdisease.

问题1选项

A.analogy

B.paradox

C.correlation

D.illusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。analogy“类比”；paradox“悖论，反论”；correlation“相关，关联”；illusion“幻觉，错觉”。句意：法国人吃很多油腻的东西，但心脏病的发病率却比较低，这是一种很矛盾的现象。根据前后句句意及yet表转折可知，B项符合句意，答案B。

20.单选题

Iwishtochangemymajorinpostgraduatestudy,becauseIknowthecompetitioninthecomputerdepartmentofTsinghuais（

）.

问题1选项

A.fragrant

B.formidable

C.fierce

D.flexible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。fragrant“芳香的，愉悦的”；formidable“强大的，可怕的”；fierce“凶猛的”；flexible“灵活的”。句意：我希望在研究生学习期间换个专业，因为我知道清华大学计算机学院的竞争太激烈。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Totesthistheory,thechemist____anexperiment.

问题1选项

A.setout

B.setforth

C.setin

D.setup

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.setout启程；开始努力B.setforth陈述

C.setin（不好的事物）来了D.setup设置；建立

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接与动宾搭配

【解题思路】前文提到“为了验证他的理论”，空格处所在部分内容为“这个化学家____一个实验”，空格处所填动词短语搭配的宾语为“一个实验”，根据常理推断，该句表达的是化学家为了验证一个理论而进行某个实验，D选项setup“设置；建立”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句动宾搭配与语义衔接。

【句意】为了验证他的理论，这位化学家做了一个实验。

22.单选题

Mostpeoplecan'tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.

问题1选项

A.on

B.through

C.over

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getthrough“通过；度过”；getover“克服；恢复”；getby“获得认可”。句意：如果一杯咖啡都不喝的话，大多数人都不能度过一天。因此B选项符合题意。

23.单选题

21-25

问题1选项

A.About10,000,000.

B.About1,000,000.

C.About100,000.

D.About10,000.

问题2选项

A.Acocktailofvitamins.

B.Acocktailofvitaminsplusmagnesium.

C.ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandE.

D.E.D.

E.D.Thecombinationofminerals23.

问题3选项

A.Thedelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.

B.Theinnerearcells.

C.Theeardrums.

D.Theinnerearossicles.24.

问题4选项

A.GeneralMotors(通用汽车公司).

B.TheUnitedAutoWorkers(汽车工会).

C.NIH.

D.Allofabove25.

问题5选项

A.AnindustrialtrialinSpain.

B.Militarytrials(军事审判)inSpainandSweden.

C.IndustrialtrialsinSpainandSweden.

D.AtrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFlorida.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】(21)About10millionpeopleintheU.S.alone,fromtroopsreturningfromwartostudentswithmusicblastingthroughheadphonesaresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss.TheriseintrendissomethingthatresearchersandphysiciansattheUniversityofMichiganCresgoHearingResearchInstitutearehopingtoreverse,withthecocktailofvitaminsandthemineralmagnesium(镁)thatshallpromiseasapossiblewaytopreventhearinglosscausedbyloudnoise.Thenutrientsweresuccessfulinlaboratorytests.Andnowresearchersaretestingwhetherhumanswillbenefitaswell.(22)ThecombinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesiumisgivenonpillformtopatientswhoareparticipatingintheresearch.DevelopedattheUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitute,themedication,calledOralQuell,isdesignedtobetakenbeforeapersonisexposedtotheloudnoise.Untiladecadeago,itwasthoughtthatnoisedamagedhearingbyintensemechanicalvibrationsthatdestroyeddelicatestructuresoftheinnerear.Therewasnointerventiontoprotecttheinnerearotherthanreducingtheintensityofsoundreachingit,suchasearplugswhicharenotalwayseffective.(23)Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells.Andthatallowsthediscoveryofinterventiontopreventtheseeffects.(24)Thelaboratoryresearchthatledtoanewunderstandingofmechanismsunderlyingnoise-inducedhearinglosswasfundedbyNIH,thePreclinicalTranslationResearchthatledtotheformulationofOralQuellaseffectivepreventativewasfundedbyGeneralMotorsandtheUnitedAutoWorkers.NowOralQuellisbeingtestedinasetoffourmultinationalhumanclinicaltrials:(25)militarytrialsinSwedenandSpain,andindustrialtrialsinSpainandthetrialinvolvingstudentsattheUniversityofFloridawholistentomusicathighvolumesontheiriPodsandotherPDAs.

21.Accordingtothetalk,howmanyvictimsofhearingproblemarethereintheUnitedStatesalone?

【解析】原文一开头便提到：About10millionpeopleintheU.S.Alone…aresufferingfromimpairingnoise-inducedhearingloss，即听力受损的大约有1000万人。

22.WhichdidUMCresgoHearingResearchInstitutedeveloptopreventhearingloss?

【解析】原文中说该研究采用的是“combinationofvitaminsA,CandEplusmagnesium”，选项B“维生素和镁的混合药”正确。

23.Accordingtothelatestfindings,whatdoesloudnoisedamage?

【解析】文中提到“Itwasthendiscoveredthatnoisecausedintensemetabolicactivityintheinnerearandproductionofmoleculesthatdamagetheinnerearcells”，即噪音产生的原子能损害内耳的细胞。

24.Accordingtothetalk,whosupportedthelabresearch?

【解析】题目问这一研究由谁支持，文中提到了NIH国家卫生研究所。

25.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedasthemultinationalhumanclinicaltrialsforOralQuell?

【解析】题目问哪一个不属于多国人类临床试验，只有C选项与原文不一致。

24.单选题

Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe______entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

问题1选项

A.massive

B.quantitative

C.surplus

D.formidable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项massive“大量的”，B项quantitative“定量的，数量的”，C项surplus“剩余的”，D项formidable“可怕的，令人敬畏的”。根据句子可知，空格处填入一个形容词修饰women，结合关键词workforce“劳动力”可知，空格处填入A项符合句意。句意：在妇女大量进入劳动大军所引起的所有变化中，妇女本身发生的转变并非最不重要。因此，该题选择A项正确。

25.单选题

TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.

问题1选项

A.deprive

B.tobedeprived

C.todeprive

D.beingdeprived

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，Theexistingchildprotectionlaws为句子的主语，allowfor作谓语，所以空格的部分应该要填入非谓语动词，用来修饰前句的名词laws，因为动词deprive与其逻辑主语laws之间存在被动关系，选项A和C可排除。又根据空格中的动作发生在将来，所以选用动词不定式表将来。选项B符合题意。

26.单选题

MillionsofAmericanstakelargeamountsofvitaminCpillseverydaybecausetheybelievethevitaminwillhelpthemstayhealthy.However,anewstudysaysvitaminCmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.TheystudiedtheeffectsofvitaminConasubstanceproducedinthebodyfromfat.Thatsubstanceiscalledhydro-peroxide（过氧化氢物）,whichcanbechangedinacellintosubstancesthatcandamageDNA.ThescientistsfoundthatvitaminCeasilychangedthehydro-peroxideintothegene-damagingpoisons.Suchdamageisthefirststeptowarddevelopingcancer.

However,thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.Theysayitiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth,butpeoplecangetenoughvitaminCinthefoodstheyeat.Earlierstudieshaveshownthateatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.

OtherresearchersagreethatthelateststudyisimportantinunderstandingthechemistryofvitaminC.Buttheysaythestudydidnotinvolvepeople.ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.

MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.HealsosayspeopleshouldgettheirvitaminCinfoodinsteadoftakinghugeamountsinpillstostayhealthy,andresearchdoesnotsupporttakingalotofvitaminC.

TheUnitedStatesgovernmentsayspeopleshouldgetabouteightymilligramsofvitaminCeachdayinthefoodstheyeat.StudieshaveshownthatthebodycannotusemorethantwohundredmilligramsofvitaminCeachday.MedicalresearcherssaythattakingvitaminCpillscannotreplacethevalueofeatinghealthyfoods.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.WhichoneisNottrueabouttheeffectofVCaccordingtothepassage?

3.Whatdoestheauthorimplywhenhementions“livingcells”inParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthescientists’research?

5.TakingalotofVC（

）.

问题1选项

A.TakingalargeamountofVCwilldogoodtohealth.

B.TakingtoomuchVCpillseverydayisnotgoodforhealth.

C.PeopleshouldtakeasmuchVCaspossible.

D.ItisnotnecessaryatalltotakeVCpills.

问题2选项

A.Itisimportantforhumanhealth

B.ItmayhelpproducesubstancesthatcandamageDNA

C.Itcausescancer

D.VCinfoodscanreducethechanceofdevelopingheartdiseaseandcancer

问题3选项

A.Theresearchhasinvolvedlivingcreatures.

B.Theresultsfromthelabtestmightnotalwaysbereliable.

C.Ifitistestedinlivingbodytheresultswillbethesame.

D.ThechemistryofVCisliving.

问题4选项

A.ThescientistsexperimentedwithVCintesttubes.

B.Theresearchdidn’tinvolvepeople.

C.VCwastestedinthelabonly.

D.MarkLevinedidtheexperimentinvolvingpeople.

问题5选项

A.issupportedbyVCexpert

B.isencouragedbytheU.S.government

C.isagreedbymedicalresearchers

D.isdisapprovedbymanyscientists

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，美国人每天服用大量的维生素C药片，一项新的研究表明维生素C会产生破坏DNA的物质。由此可知，不能大量的摄入维生素C，所以选项A和C错误；再根据第二段第二句“itiswell-knownthatvitaminCisimportantforhumanhealth.”众所周知，维生素C对人体健康很重要，所以不摄入维生素C也是不行的，选项D错误；只有选项B正确。所以本题选B。

第2题:细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“thescientistssaythestudydoesnotmeanthatvitaminCcausescancer.”科学家说，这项研究并不意味着维生素C会导致癌症。所以选项C不属于维生素C的效果。根据上一题可知选项A和B均正确；根据第二段最后一句“eatingalotoffruits,vegetablesandgrainscanreducethechanceofdevelopingbothheartdiseaseandcancer.”可知选项D也表述正确。

第3题:判断推理题。根据关键词“livingcells”定位到第三段最后一句，结合上下文的句意：“但是他们（研究人员）说这项研究并没有涉及人。维生素A只是在实验室里进行测试，如果在活细胞中实验的话结果可能会不同。”由此可推断，作者是想暗示实验的结果并不总是可靠的。所以选项B正确。选项A和C均不符合原文；选项D在文中没有提及。

第4题:细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“ScientistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaexperimentedwithvitaminCintesttubes.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段最后两句“ThevitaminCwastestedinthelaboratoryonly.Theythinktheresultsmightbedifferentinlivingcells.”可知选项B和C均正确；根据第四段第一句“MarkLevineisavitaminCexpertwhoquestionswhetherasimilarstudyinpeoplewouldproducethesameresults.”MarkLevine是质疑在人体上进行类似的研究是否会产生相同的结果，而不是做了涉及人体的实验，所以只有选项D不正确。

第5题:细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“re