考研考博-英语-天津职业技术师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津职业技术师范大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Canyouexplainthis（）oftenyearsinyourjobhistorywhichyouhavenotaccountedfor?

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.gap

C.split

D.paring

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。interruption"中断,干扰";gap"缺口,差距,间隔";split"劈裂,裂缝;paring"削皮"。选项中只有gap可以表示时间的间隔。句意：你能解释一下在你的工作经历中你没有解释的十年空白期吗?选项B正确。

2.单选题

TheFirstWorldWarbeganinacontextofjargonandverbaldelicacyandcontinuedinacloudofeuphemismas（

）aslanguageandliterature,skillfullyused,couldmakeit.

问题1选项

A.enthralling

B.impenetrable

C.lucid

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。enthralling迷人的；impenetrable不能通过的；费解的；lucid明晰的；透明的；易懂的；deliberate故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的。句意：第一次世界大战开始于行话和精致言语的环境中，然后像语言和文学在巧妙地使用的情况下可以做到的那样继续于费解的委婉语的阴云中。从continuedinacloudofeuphemism（委婉语的阴云中）可知B项“费解的”符合题意。

3.单选题

Ourcorporation’sobligationunderthis（

）islimitedtorepairorreplacement.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.license

C.market

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项license“执照，许可证”；C选项market“市场，交易”；D选项necessity“必然，必要”。根据repairorreplacement（修理或更换）可知A选项符合语境。句意：我公司在本保证项下的义务仅限于修理或更换。

4.单选题

Theactresswasvery（）attheinsultingquestionraisedbyheropponentatthe

conference.

问题1选项

A.extraterrestrial

B.explicit

C.indignant

D.innovative

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。extraterrestrial地球外的，宇宙的；explicit外在的，清楚的；indignant愤怒的，愤慨的；innovative创新的，革新的。根据句中insultingquestionraisedbyheropponent(对手提出的侮辱性问题)可知，她应该是非常愤怒。选项C符合句意。

5.翻译题

ThegreatworkofGibbonisindispensabletothestudentofhistory.TheliteratureofEuropeoffersnosubstitutefor"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire."Ithasobtainedundisputedpossession,asrightfuloccupant,ofthevastperiodwhichitcomprehends.Howeversomesubjects,whichitembraces,mayhaveundergonemorecompleteinvestigate,on,onthegeneralviewofthewholeperiod,thishistoryisthesoleundisputedauthoritytowhichalldefer,andfromwhichfewappealtotheoriginalwriters,ortomoremoderncompilers.Theinherentinterestofthesubject,theinexhaustiblelaboremployeduponit;theimmensecondensationofmatter;theluminousarrangement;thegeneralaccuracy;thestyle,whichisthroughoutvigorous,animated,often,picturesquealwayscommandsattention-describeswithsingularbreadthandfidelity,andgeneralizeswithunrivalledfelicityofexpression:allthesehighqualificationshavesecured,andseemlikelytosecure,itspermanentplaceinhistoricliterature.ThisvastdesignofGibbon,themagnificentwholeintowhichhehascastthedecayandruinoftheancientcivilization,theformationandbirthoftheneworderofthings,willofitself,independentofthelaboriousexecutionofhisimmenseplanrender"TheDeclineandFalloftheRomanEmpire"anunapproachablesubjecttothefuturehistorian.ThisextentandharmonyofdesignisunquestionablythatwhichdistinguishestheworkofGibbonfromallothergreathistoricalcompositions.Hehasfirstbridgedtheabyssbetweenancientandmodemtimes,andconnectedtogetherthetwogreatworldsofhistory.Thegreatadvantagewhichtheclassicalhistorianspossessoverthoseofmoderntimesisinunity,ofplan,ofcoursegreatlyfacilitatedbythenarrowerspheretowhichtheirresearcheswereconfined.

ExceptHerodotus,thegreathistoriansofGreece—weexcludethemoremodemcompilers,likeDiodorusSiculus—limitedthemselvestoasingleperiod,oratleasttothecontractedsphereofGrecianaffairs.

Naturalunityconfinedtheirnarrativealmosttochronologicalorder,theepisodeswereofrareoccurrenceandextremelybrief.

TotheRomanhistoriansthecoursewasequallyclearanddefined.Romewastheircentreofunity;andtheuniformitywithwhichthecircleoftheRomandominionspreadaround,theregularitywithwhichtheircivilpolityexpanded,forced,asitwere,upontheRomanhistorianthatplanwhichPolybiusannouncesasthesubjectofhishistory,themeansandthemannerbywhichthewholeworldbecamesubjecttotheRomansway.HowdifferentthecomplicatedpoliticsoftheEuropeankingdoms!

Everynationalhistory,tobecomplete,must,inacertainsense,bethehistoryofEurope;thereisnoknowingtohowremoteaquarteritmaybenecessarytotraceourmostdomesticevents;fromacountry,howeverapparentlydisconnected,mayoriginatetheimpulsewhichgivesitsdirectiontothewholecourseofaffairs.

【答案】欧洲的文献无法替代《罗马帝国衰亡史》的作品。在过去的很长时间里。它都处于主导地位。然而，它所包含的一些主题还需要经历更加完善的研究调查。从整体上来看，该书具有无可争议的权威性，无论是对于随后的历史编写者还是现代的编写者。

这种风格充满活力、生气勃勃并且极具吸引力。这种风格用独特的视觉和保真度进行描述，并以无与伦比的表达来进行归纳概括。

这部伟大的著作对罗马古文明的腐化、衰亡及新秩序的诞生的描写体现了这本著作的伟大思想精华。从它的构思来看，《罗马帝国衰亡史》使以后的历史学家望尘莫及的，更不用说以后实行撰写计划的创作了。

那个曾经侵略和压迫过整个世界的最非凡的统治逐渐衰弱必须引起人们的注意和兴趣，人们不能漠然地看待那些难以忘怀的时代。

这种设计的广度和协调性是值得肯定的，这将吉本的作品与其他伟大的历史作品区分开来。

古典历史学家与现代历史学家相比，最大的优势在于整体性，当然，由于他们的研究范围较窄，这有利于促进研究。

顺乎自然的统一性把他们都倾向于用时间顺序记录历史，情节很少，而且极其简短。

每一部完整的民族史，在某种意义上，就是欧洲的历史。我们无从知道要追溯我们国内的历史事件有多遥远。

6.单选题

Honestynolongerseemstobethebestpolicywithtellingofliesbecomingacommonpartofourdailylives.Anewresearchbyapsychologisthasrevealedthatmostpeoplelieineverydayconversationwhentheyaretryingtoappearlikableandcompetent.

（1）“Peopletellaconsiderablenumberofliesineverydayconversation.Itwasaverysurprisingresult.Wedidn’texpectlyingtobesuchapartofdailyconversation,”saidRobertFeldman.

Thestudyalsofoundthatliestoldbymenandwomendifferincontent,thoughnotinquantity.（2）“Womenweremorelikelytolietomakethepersontheyweretalkingtofeelgood,whilemenliedmostoftentomakethemselveslookbetter,”Feldmannoted.

Aspartofthestudy,agroupof121pairsofundergraduatestudentswererecruitedtoparticipate.（3）Participantswereunawarethatthesessionwasbeingvideotaped.Attheendofthesession,thestudentswerethenaskedtowatchthevideoofthemandidentifyanyinaccuraciesinwhattheyhadsaidduringtheconversation.Theywereencouragedtoidentifyalllies,nomatterhowbigorsmall.

Feldmansaidthestudentswhoparticipatedinthestudyweresurprisedattheirownresults.“Whentheywerewatchingthemselvesonvideotape,peoplefoundthemselveslyingmuchmorethantheythoughttheyhad,”Feldmansaid.Theliesthestudentstoldvariedconsiderably.（4）Othersweremoreextreme,suchasfalselyclaimingtobethestarofarockband.

“It’ssoeasytolie,”Feldmansaid.“Weteachourchildrentobehonest,butwealsotellthemit’spolitetopretendtheylikeabirthdaygiftthey’vebeengiven.（5）.”

问题1选项

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

问题2选项

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

问题3选项

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

问题4选项

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

问题5选项

A.Theresultsshowedthatmendonotliemorethanwomenorviceversa,buttheylieindifferentways.

B.Kidsgetaverymixedmessageregardingthepracticalaspectsoflying,andithasanimpactonhowtheybehaveasadults.

C.Somewererelativelyminor,suchasagreeingwiththepersonthattheylikedsomeonewhentheydidnot.

D.Theyweretoldthatthepurposeofthestudywastoexaminehowpeopleinteractwhentheymeetsomeonenew.

E.Wearetolditisafactthatbothadultsandchildrenliemanytimesaday.

F.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofBasicandAppliedSocialPsychology,foundthat60percentofpeopleliedatleastonceduringa10-minuteconversationandtoldanaverageoftwotothreelies.

G.Anyway,theknowledgethatweareallcapableoflyingmakesitreallyhardtotrustpeoplewhentheytellyouthings.

【答案】第1题:F

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据上文提到的研究以及第三段首句“Thestudyalsofoundthat...”可推测,填空处的内容应该也是描述这项研究的一些发现。所以选项F正确。

2.根据上句,研究还发现,男性和女性说谎的内容不同,但数量没什么不同。而填空处下文描述的是男性和女性撒谎的不同方式。结合上下文,选项A能起到连接上下文的作用,所以正确。

3.上句提到,作为研究的一部分,研究人员招募了121对本科生参与其中。下文也都是和研究相关的内容,而剩下的选项中和研究相关的只有选项D。

4.根据下文的“Othersweremoreextreme,...”可推测,这里是研究结果进行比较,所以前面应该是“Somewere...”,选项C符合原文语境。

5.根据上文,我们教孩子们要诚实,但我们也告诉他们,假装他们喜欢别人送给他们的生日礼物是有礼貌的。由此可知,孩子们得到的关于说谎的实际方面的信息非常复杂,这对他们成年后的行为是有影响的。所以选项B符合原文语境。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(percapitaGDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemicandinstitutional)障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。

【答案】Chinahasmadegreatachievementsinitsdevelopment.ButwearefullyawarethatChinaisstillthelargestdevelopingcountry.ItspercapitaGDPisnothighintheworldranking,anditslevelofscienceandtechnologylagsfarbehindthatofdevelopedcountries.Theeconomyisimprovinginqualityandefficiency,buttherearestillsystemicandinstitutionalobstaclestodevelopment.Toachievegreaterandbetterdevelopmentandjointheranksofmedium-developedcountriesbythemiddleofthe21stcentury,thekeyforChinaistostayonthepathofreformandinnovation,furtheremancipatethemind,fullyunleashthecreativepotentialofthepeople,invigoratethewholesociety,andcreateasteadystreamofdrivingforcefordevelopment.

8.单选题

Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfused,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts).

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongascleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsscientistscontinuetoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.

Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestsaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveriesofonebitofinformationopenthedoortothediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Todefinesciencewemaysimplycallit（）.

2.Purescience,leadingtotheconstructionofamicroscope（）.

3.Ascientistinterestedinaddingtoourgeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallhisapproach（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorimply?

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.thestudyofunrelatedsubjects

B.anattempttoexplainnaturalphenomena

C.thestudyofunrelatedfields

D.classifiedknowledge

问题2选项

A.mayleadtoantiscientific,“impure”results

B.necessarilyprecedesappliedscience,leadingtothediscoveryofacell

C.isnotalwaysaspureaswesuppose

D.necessarilyresultsfromappliedscienceandthediscoveryofacell

问题3选项

A.appliedscience

B.agriculturescience

C.purescience

D.environmentalscience

问题4选项

A.Scientistsoftheoreticalresearcharenotblamedforignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries.

B.Todayfewpeoplehaveanynotionsofthemeaningofscience.

C.Inscience,itisnotdifficulttodistinguishfactfromfiction.

D.Practical-mindedpeoplecanunderstandthemeaningandobjectivesofpurescience.

问题5选项

A.TheNatureofScienceandScientists

B.BiologyandtheScientificAge

C.HypothesesandTheories

D.OnDistinguishingFactfromFiction

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge(facts)(为了尽可能简化该定义，假设科学被定义为分类知识（事实）)。因此D项“分类知识”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconstructionofamicroscope定位至最后一段:Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago;however,oneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell(有些发现似乎如此简单，以至于人们惊奇地发现，它们在多年前没有被发现；然而，人们应该记住，显微镜的构造必须先于细胞的发现)。由此可知，B项“一定先于导致细胞的发现的应用科学”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotherisaimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposesforinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse,suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience(一种是为了满足好奇心，被称为纯科学。另一个是为了将知识用于特定目的，例如改善健康、提高生活水平或创造新的消费品。在这种情况下，知识被用于经济用途，这种方法被称为应用科学)，因此C项“纯科学”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:做理论研究的科学家不必为忽视其发现的应用方面而受到指责。最后一段最后一句指出:Thehostofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries(许多致力于纯科学的科学家并不为忽视他们发现的实际一面而感到抱歉)，由此可知A项正确。B:现在很少有人对科学的含义有任何概念。第一段第一句指出:Thewordscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning(科学这个词在现代是经常听到的，几乎每个人都对它的含义有一些概念)，由此可知B项错误。C:在科学领域，不难辨别虚实。第二段第一句指出:Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy(即使在真正的科学中，区分事实和虚构并不总是容易的)，因此C项错误。D:有实践头脑的人能理解纯科学的定义和目标。第五段第一句指出:Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards(有时，有实践头脑的人忽视了纯科学的意义，而只考虑即时的经济回报)，由此可知D项错误。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段探讨科学的本质，最后一段探讨科学家的本质，因此A项“科学和科学家的本质”最适合做文章标题。

9.单选题

Itwasobviousthatsheandherhusbandwere（）andshewishedshe'dnevermarriedhim.

问题1选项

A.insolvable

B.insensible

C.inseparable

D.incompatible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:很明显她和她丈夫是水火不相容的，她希望自己从来没有嫁给他。

考查形容词辨析。insolvable不能解决（答）的;insensible昏迷的，无知觉的；inseparable不可分离的；incompatible不相容的，矛盾的。根据后半句“她希望自己从来没有嫁给他”可知D符合句意。

10.单选题

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

问题1选项

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract对抗,阻碍,中和;counterfeit伪造,假冒;counterchange交换,调换;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意：从一开始,巴基斯坦就拼命对抗印度,与任何愿意帮助它的国家建立联系。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hasfound

B.wasfinding

C.hadfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态。主句为一般过去时，因此从句也要用相应的过去时态，故此处用过去完成时。

句意：学生说他发现这篇文章中里有几个很难理解的点。

12.单选题

Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscasetoexaminetheeffectsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithaseveremooddisorder.Usinganadvancedbrainscanningtechnology—theclumsilynamedecho-planarmagneticresonancespectroscopicimaging(磁共振光谱成像)procedure,orEP–MRSI—researchersatBoston’sMcLeanHospitalscannedthemedicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolardisorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemorethan2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.

Butsomethingunexpectedhappened.Apatientwhohadbeensodepressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafterthe45-minutebrainscan.Thenasecondpatient,whoseemedincapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.Thenanotherandanother.Wasthissomecoincidence?AimeeParow,thetechnicianwhomadetheseobservationsdidn’tthinkso.Shementionedthepatients’strikingmoodshiftstoherbossandtogethertheycompletelyrefocusedthestudy:toseeiftheelectromagneticfieldsmightactuallyhaveacurativeeffectondepressivemood.

Asitturnsout,theydid.AsreportedlastmonthintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry,23ofthe30peoplewhowerepartofthestudyreportedfeelingsignificantlylessdepressedafterthescan.Themostdramaticimprovementswereamongthosewhoweretakingnomedication.Theresearchersarecautious.SaysBruceCohen,McLean’spresidentandpsychiatristinchief:“Iwanttoemphasizethatwearenotsayingthisistheanswerbutthisisacompletelydifferentapproachintryingtohelpthebrainthananythingthatwasdonebefore.

It’sacompletelydifferentapproachbecauseofthewaythemagnetismisappliedtothebrain.Butit’sanexampleofnewresearchonanoldidea:thatthebrainisanelectromagneticorganandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderinmagneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatristsandpatientsalike,sinceformanypeoplethesideeffectsofpsychiatric(精神的)drugsarealmostasdifficulttomanageasthediseaseitself.And30percentofthenearly18.8millionpeoplewhosufferfromdepressiondonotrespondtoanyoftheantidepressantsavailablenow.Peoplewithotherseverementaldisordersmightbenefitaswell.Andwhilenoonefullyunderstandsexactlywhyorhowthebrainrespondsasitdoestoelectricalcurrentsandmagneticwaves,fascinatingnewresearchisofferingsomepossibleexplanations.

1.Thefirstparagraphdescribesaprojectaimedatfinding（）.

2.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutbipolardisorder?

3.Theword“ebullient”inParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（）.

4.Theresearchers’attitudetowardthenewfindingcanbedescribedas（）.

5.Thenewfindingissignificantbecauseitshowsthatelectromagneticfieldsmay（）.

问题1选项

A.whohasbipolardisorder

B.whatimprovespeople’smoods

C.whethermagneticscanningisatreatment

D.howsomepatientsrespondtosomedrugs

问题2选项

A.Itmainlyaffectsmales.

B.Itmaycausedrugaddiction.

C.Itisamentalproblem.

D.Itishardtodetect.

问题3选项

A.considerate

B.quiet

C.excited

D.sorrowful

问题4选项

A.confused

B.amused

C.careful

D.skeptical

问题5选项

A.treatmentaldisorders

B.causementaldisorders

C.increasetheeffectivenessofsomedrugs

D.reducetheeffectivenessofsomedrugs

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节推理题。题干意思是“第一段描述了一个旨在寻找……的项目”。根据题干定位到文章第一段第一句Itbeganasjustanotherresearchproject,inthiscasetoexaminetheeffortsofvariousdrugsonpatientswithaseveremooddisorder.（它一开始只是另一个研究项目，在这个案例中，研究各种药物对严重情绪障碍患者的影响），由此可知D项“有些病人对某些药物的反应如何”符合。A项“谁是双相障碍患者”，内容不符合题干；B项“什么改善了人们的情绪”，这个项目研究的是药物对情绪的影响，该项比较片面；C项“磁扫描是否是一种治疗手段”，磁扫描的目的是为了发现可能的新的治疗方法，不是这个项目的目的。故该题选D正确。

第2题:细节推断题。题干意思是“关于双相障碍，这篇文章说了什么？”。根据第一段最后一句researchersatBoston’sMcLeanHospitalscannedthemedicatedandun-medicatedbrainsof30peoplewithbipolardisorderinordertodetectpossiblenewtreatmentsforthemorethan2millionAmericanadultswhosufferfromthedisease.（波士顿麦克莱恩医院的研究人员扫描了30名双相情感障碍患者服用药物和未服用药物的大脑，以便为超过200万的美国成年人发现可能的新治疗方法），由此可以推断，双相情感障碍是一种精神疾病，所以C项“这是一个精神问题”正确。A项“它主要影响男性”文章没有提到；B项“它可能会导致药物成瘾”，文中只提到服用药物和未服用药物的对比，没有提到会导致药物成瘾；D项“它很难察觉”文章也未提及。故该题选C正确。

第3题:语义推测题。题干意思是“第2段中的‘ebullient’一词可以被……替代”。根据题干定位到文章的第二段第二句Apatientwhohadbeensodepressedthatshecouldbarelyspeakbecameebullientafterthe45-minutebrainscan.（一位抑郁到几乎说不出话的病人在45分钟的脑部扫描后变得ebullient），第二段第三句提到Thenasecondpatient,whoseemedincapableofevenasmile,emergedactuallytellingjokes.（第二位病人，开始看起来脸上一丝笑容都没有，经过扫描后变得可以讲笑话了），由此可以推测，抑郁到几乎说不出话的病人在经过脑扫描后变得兴奋，所以ebullient表示“兴奋”，故C项“兴奋的”正确。A项“考虑周到的”、B项“安静的”和D项“悲伤的”都错误。故该题选C。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“研究人员对新发现的态度可以描述为……”。文章第三段第四句提到Theresearchersarecautious.（研究人员对此持谨慎态度），由此可知C项“小心仔细的”正确。A项“困惑的”、B项“觉得好笑的”、D项“怀疑的”都不符合原文。故该题选C正确。

第5题:细节推断题。题干意思是“这项新发现意义重大，因为它表明电磁场可能……”。最后一段第二句提到thebrainisanelectromagneticorganandthatbraindisordersmightresultfromdisorderinmagneticfunction.Theideahashugeappealtopsychiatristsandpatientsalike…（大脑是一个电磁器官，大脑的紊乱可能是由磁功能紊乱引起的；这个想法对精神病医生和病人都有巨大的吸引力），新的发现是电磁场对大脑有作用，由此可以推断，人们可以利用电磁场治疗精神障碍，所以A项“治疗精神障碍”符合题意。B项“导致精神障碍”，内容与原文相反；C项“增加某些药物的效力”和D项“减少某些药物的效力”文章没有提到。故该题选A正确。

13.单选题

Aninternationaltreatysignedseveralyearsago（

）tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies.

问题1选项

A.bans

B.eliminates

C.promotes

D.protects

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。ban意为“明令禁止，取缔”；eliminate意为“排除，取消”；promote意为“促进，推进”；protect意为“保护，保卫”。由主语aninternationaltreaty（国际条约）和宾语tradeinplantsandanimalsofendangeredspecies（濒危动植物的贸易）可知谓语动词用ban符合逻辑。

句意：几年前签署的一项国际条约禁止濒危动植物贸易。

14.单选题

Thecircushasalwaysbeenvery,popularbecauseit（

）boththeoldandtheyoung.

问题1选项

A.facilitates

B.fascinates

C.immerses

D.indulges

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项facilitate“促进；帮助”；B选项fascinate“使着迷”；C选项immerse“沉浸；使陷入”；D选项indulge“满足；沉溺；放任”。句意：马戏团一直都很受欢迎，因为它能同时……老年人和年轻人。马戏团能使老年人和年轻人都“着迷”，从而受欢迎。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanc