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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby().

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas().

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis().

问题1选项

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

问题2选项

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

问题3选项

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

问题4选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构,是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据原文可知,打鼾是一种无意识的行为,所以选项A错误;根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误;选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。

4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知,作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响,没有掺杂个人情绪,所以选项A正确。

2.单选题

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that(

).

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

).

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay(

).

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

).

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

问题2选项

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

问题3选项

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

问题4选项

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

问题5选项

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后,《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出;指出”的意思,故C项“被标记”正确。

3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(这个影响不仅通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物来产生,而且希望通过大量的出版机构来产生影响,这些机构可能想去模仿《科学》杂志的方式)。由此可知D项“为其它杂志树立榜样”正确。

4.推理判断题。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityof,manypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后,《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知C项“有进一步改善的空间”正确。

5.主旨大意题。全文中心句出现在第一段:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后,《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知A项“《科学》杂志在论文方面加入审査统计数据的行列”比较适合作标题。

3.单选题

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas().

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin().

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,().

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause().

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks().

问题1选项

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

问题2选项

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

问题3选项

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

问题4选项

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

问题5选项

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】

1.根据第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”选项D正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”侦探小说通常是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人放松之余的创作。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”尽管从表面上看,可以被认出来,但有可能是我们不那么亲密的伙伴。由此可以推断,侦探小说主人公的特点,一般来说,给人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是没可能,选项D符合原文。

4.根据第二段的内容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多数侦探小说作者都认真地提供了一个合理真实的背景。选项A符合原文。

5.根据文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我们对生活的一切希望都是间接实现的。也就是体现在侦探小说中,选项D符合原文。

4.单选题

Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.(1),medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir(2)abouttheeffectofsmoking(3)thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust(4)inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay(5)morethanthesmokersthemselves.

A(6)numberofourstudentshave(7)inaneffortto(8)theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare(9)rightintheiraim.(10),Iwouldhopethatitis(11)toachievethisby(12)thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern(13)othersratherthanbyregulation.

Iamthereforeaskingyouto(14)“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being(15),whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

问题1选项

A.Still

B.More

C.Again

D.Further

问题2选项

A.concern

B.trouble

C.interest

D.displeasure

问题3选项

A.on

B.in

C.with

D.to

问题4选项

A.involuntarily

B.instinctively

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

问题5选项

A.endure

B.suffer

C.undergo

D.putupwith

问题6选项

A.few

B.considerable

C.many

D.quantitative

问题7选项

A.linked

B.connected

C.associated

D.joined

问题8选项

A.make

B.persuade

C.cause

D.commit

问题9选项

A.entirely

B.totally

C.just

D.wholly

问题10选项

A.Butthen

B.However

C.Although

D.Moreover

问题11选项

A.likely

B.probably

C.capable

D.possible

问题12选项

A.pleading

B.begging

C.insisting

D.callingon

问题13选项

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.in

问题14选项

A.inscribe

B.decorate

C.maintain

D.claim

问题15选项

A.onhead

B.inheart

C.inmind

D.inyourbrain

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:C

【解析】(1)逻辑关系。前一句提到吸烟是引起同伴不愉快的原因,空格后一句提到医学权威表明吸烟还会损害人体健康,所以前后两句都是表示吸烟会带来不好的影响,为递进关系。选项D符合题意。

(2)固定搭配。concern“关心”;trouble“麻烦”;interest“兴趣,爱好”;displeasure“不愉快”。句意:医学权威们表明了他们对吸烟带来健康危害问题的关心。concernabout“关心,顾虑”。选项A符合题意。

(3)固定搭配。effecton“对的影响”,文中提到了抽烟对吸烟者和不吸烟者都有身体健康危害。选项A符合题意。

(4)上下文语境。involuntarily“无心地,不自觉地”;instinctively“本能地”;spontaneously“自发地,自然地”;reluctantly“不情愿地,勉强地”句意:不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟污染的空气。选项D符合题意,

(5)近义词词义辨析。endure特指忍耐的时间较长,强调时间;suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情;putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事;undergo指经历某些过程。句意:不抽烟的人被迫吸入被烟雾污染的空气,遭受到的伤害比吸烟的人还要多。选项B符合题意。

(6)形容词词义辨析。few“几乎没有,少的”;considerable“相当大的”;many“大量的”,quantitative“定量的”。句意:大量的学生为教室禁烟做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”,选项B符合题意。

(7)动词词义辨析。link“;连接,联系”;connect“连接”;associate“联系,关联”;join“加入”。句意:很多学生加入到这种教室禁烟活动中。选项D符合题意。

(8)上下文语境。根据文章意思,是劝说学生们禁止在教室抽烟,persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”,选项B符合题意。

(9)副词词义辨析。entirely“程度上整个地,彻底地”;totally“整个地”;just“仅仅,只”;wholly“全部,统统”。句意:他们在目的上完全是正确的,强调程度。选项A符合题意。

(10)逻辑关系。前一句表示学生们在意图上是完全正确的,空格后面就谈到希望吸烟者自己能通过自己的判断能力或者是提高对他人的关心去禁烟而不是靠一些规则。所以前后是转折关系。选项B符合题意。

(11)近义词辨析。本空填形容词“可能的”,所以排除B选项。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”,排除likely,capable“能干的,有能力的”,不符合文意,选项D符合题意。

(12)动词词义解析。plead“恳求”;beg“请示”,语气更加强烈。insist“坚持”,在文章中是号召大家禁烟,所以用“callon”短语,选项D符合题意。

(13)短语搭配。文章意思为表示对他人的关心,选项B符合题意。

(14)动词词义辨析。inscribe“雕刻”;decorate“装饰”;maintain“保持”;claim“声称”。句意:我在这里号召大家注意听众席、教室和研讨室的禁烟标识。选项C符合题意。

(15)短语搭配。文章意思为将不吸烟的人的健康和幸福放在心上。“have...inmind”符合文意。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.In1987,arecord126,000carsrolledoffassemblylineseachworkingday,andcloseto400millionvehicleschokeuptheworld’sstreetstoday.

Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.SincethedaysofHenryFord,societieshavemadeasteadystreamoflawstoprotectdriversfromeachotherandthemselves,aswellastoprotectthegeneralpublicfromtheunintendedeffectsofmassiveautomobileuse.Lawmakershavestruggledoverthecompetinggoalsofunlimitedmobilityandtheindividual’sfighttobefreeofthenoise,pollution,andphysicaldangersthattheautomobileoftenbrings.

Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.Evenworriesaboutuprisinggaspricesandfiiturefuelavailabilitysubsided(减退)intheeightiesalmostasquicklyastheyhademerged.Carsalesrecovered,drivingisup,andwealthycustomersareoncemoreshoppingforhighperformancecars.

Themotorvehicleindustry'sapparentsuccessindealingwiththechallengesoftheseventieshasobscuredtheharmfullong-termtrendsofautomobilecenteredtransportation.Risinggasolineconsumptionwillbeforelongputincreasedpressureonoilproductioncapacities.Inaddition,asmoreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirowncarsandasmassmotorizationtakeshold,trafficjambecomesatoughproblem.Andmotorvehiclesareimportantcontributorstourbanairpollution,acidrain,andglobalwarming.

Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.Intheyearsahead,thechallengewillbetodevelopinnovative(革新的)transportationpolicies.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

2.Thephrase"rolledoffassemblylines"(Para.I,Lines2)means().

3.Thepassagestatesthatthereis().

4.Itisimpliedthattheauto'sassuredroleinsocietyis().

5.Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsare().

问题1选项

A.Acarprovidesitsownerwithasenseofsafety.

B.Agoodcarallowsitsownertotravelfree.

C.Agoodcarindicatesitsowner'shighsocialposition.

D.Acaraddstoitsowner'sattractiveness.

问题2选项

A."wereturnedoutfromfactories"

B."movedalongproductionlines"

C."movedalongthestreets"

D."werelinedupinthestreets"

问题3选项

A.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandusefulnessofthecars

B.asharpcontrastbetweenthecostandperformanceofthecars

C.asharpconflictbetweencardriversandtrafficrules

D.asharpcontradictionbetweentheconvenienceofcarownersandtheburdensofsociety

问题4选项

A.threatenedbytherisinggasprices

B.challengedbyaseriesoffundamentalproblems

C.protectedbylaw

D.firmlyestablished

问题5选项

A.onlypartofthesolutiontomassiveautomobileuse

B.thebestwaytocopewiththemassiveuseofcars

C.innovativetransportationpolicies

D.futurepoliciesoftheautomobileindustry

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句“Theindividualmobility,convenience,andstatusgivenbytheprivatepassengercarofferaseeminglyunbeatableattraction.私人轿车给个人所带来的流动性、便利性和地位,似乎具有无与伦比的吸引力。”由此可知,一辆好车能够彰显车主较高的社会地位。选项C符合原文。

2.判断推理题。rolloff指的是“从...复印出...”;assemblylines指的是“工厂组装线”。车从工厂组装线复印出,也就是说,车被一辆一辆的组装生产出来,所以选项D为正确答案。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段首句“Butthecar'susefulnesstotheindividualstandsinsharpcontrasttothecostsandburdensthatsocietymustshouldertoprovideanautomobile-centeredtransportationsystem.但是汽车对个人的有用性与社会为提供一个以汽车为中心的交通系统所必须承担的成本和负担形成了鲜明的对比。”也就是汽车给车主带来的便利与给社会带来的负担之间的尖锐矛盾,所以选项D符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据第三段的首句“Priortotheseventies,theauto’susefulnessandassuredroleinsocietywerehardlyquestioned.在七十年代之前,汽车的实用性和它在社会中的作用几乎没有受到质疑。”但是在最后一段首句,作者提到“Society'sinterestinfuelsupplysecurity,theintegrityofitscities,andprotectionoftheenvironmentcallsforafundamentalrethinkingoftheautomobile’srole.社会对燃料供应的安全性、城市完整性和对环境保护的关注,要求我们从根本上重新思考汽车的作用。”也就是说,曾经汽车在社会中可靠的角色现在受到了一系列根本问题的挑战,所以选项B正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Stricterfueleconomyandpollutionstandardsarethemostobviousandimmediatemeasuresthatcanbeadopted.Buttheycanonlybepartoftheanswer.更严格的燃油经济性和污染标准是可以采取的最明显和最直接的措施。但它们只是答案的一部分。”由此可知,这只是大规模汽车使用的部分解决方案。选项A符合原文。

6.翻译题

Today,weanxiouslyscrutinizeexaminationscoresandworrywhetherourchildwillbeadmittedintoprestigiousuniversity.Mostofthetime,theirritatingchildorstudentwithlowscoresonlyreceivesnegativeattention.ConsideringthehueandcriesaboutteachingChinesestudentstobemorecreative,andtheconstantcomparisonsofthedifferencesbetweenEastandWesteducation,maybewearefutilelytryingtopoundsquarepegintoroundholes.

Creativityisrelatedtoproblem-solvingability,andthefundamentaltruthisthatcreativityandeffectivenesscallsforafullyengagedmind.Ontheonehand,acreativepersonislikeafleshandbloodcomputer,collecting,assembling,arrangingandintegratingdata.Ontheotherhand,thecreativepersonistheattentivestudentoflife.Peoplewantingtoacquireacreativementalitymustfirstandforemostbeinthemind-setoffullyembracingalloftheirlearningexperience.Themindisthechain,andthevarietyofideasandexperiencesarethegears.

Thepersonalorientationtowardachievementisanattitude.Learninganddemonstratingcreativedecision-makingisnotaby-productfrombeingconditionedtomemorizecorrectanswers,orretrieveexactbitsofdataforproducingahighfinalscore.Creativityisaby-productofmentalrisk-takingandexperimentation,andoneisfullyengagingpersonalthinkinginthefunofabstractplay:mentalgymnastics.

【答案】【参考译文】今天,我们焦虑地查着考试分数,担心小孩是否有望被名牌大学录取。大多数情况下,令人恼火的小孩或分数低的学生仅得到消极的关心。在呼吁提高中国学生创造性的抗议声和中西方教育差异的对比的影响下,我们的做法无异于方枘圆凿不得其所。

创造力通常与问题解决能力相关,而且基本的事实是创造力和有效性需要全神贯注的头脑。一方面,一个有创造力的人如同一台有血有肉的计算机,对数据进行收集、汇集、整理和整合;另一方面,有创造力的人是生活中最细心的学生。想要拥有创造性头脑的人必须首先下定决心去彻底领会所有的学习经历。头脑是链条,而各种想法和经历是齿轮。

个人的成就取向是一种态度。学习和展示创造性的决策,并不是为了获得高分而习惯于记住正确答案或检索精确数据的副产品。创造力是一种脑力冒险和试验的副产品,且创造力需要完全地让个人的思考忙于抽象活动(即脑力训练)的乐趣中。

7.单选题

Massproductionis()onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的;invaluable无价的;feasible可行的;compatible兼容的。句意:大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

Shehasdecidedto()somemoneyeverymonthtohelpthreepeasantgirlsinpoverty-strickenareas.

问题1选项

A.laydown

B.layside

C.setup

D.standupto

【答案】B

【解析】laydown放下,制定,铺设,主张;layside搁置,储蓄,留存;setup建立;standupto经得起,抵抗。句意:她决定每个月存点钱帮助三个贫困地区的农村女孩。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

______elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

问题1选项

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Cultivated用于耕作的;有教养的B.Regulated调节的

C.Civil国民的;平民的D.Tame养驯的,驯服的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“______的大象和野象在很多方面都不一样,包括它们的脾气”可知,野象脾气不稳定,而驯服的大象会更温顺,所以空格处表示“驯服的”符合句意,该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】驯象和野象在很多方面都不一样,包括它们的脾气。

10.单选题

MyniecehasbeentoSumatraandIranaswellasallofEurope;bythetimesheistwenty,she()almosteverywhere.

问题1选项

A.willbe

B.wouldhavebeen

C.willhavebeen

D.wouldbe

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我侄女曾经去过苏门答腊岛、伊朗及全欧洲,等到她二十岁吋,她将几乎去过所有地方。

语法题。考查将来完成时。分析句意可知空格处应使用将来完成时:shall/willhave+过去分词,故选C。

11.单选题

Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilitiesforlearningliewiththestudents.(1)alongreadingassignmentisgiven,instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwiththe

(2)

inthereadingeveniftheydonotdiscussitinclassortakeanexamination.The

(3)

studentisconsideredtobe

(4)

whoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof

(5)

,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrader.Sometimeshomeworkisreturned

(6)

briefwrittencommentsbutwithoutagrade.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentsis

(7)

forlearningthematerialassigned.Whenresearchis

(8)

,theprofessorexpectedthestudenttotakeitactivelyandtocompletewith

(9)

guidance.Itisthe

(10)

responsibilitytofindbooks,magazines,andarticlesinthelibrary.Professorsdonothavethetimetoexplain

(11)

auniversitylibraryworks;theyexpectstudents,

(12)

graduatestudents,tobeabletoexhaustthereference

(13)

inthelibrary.Professorswillhelpstudentswhoneedit,but

(14)

thattheirstudentsshouldnotbe

(15)dependentonthem.

问题1选项

A.If

B.Although

C.Because

D.Since

问题2选项

A.suggestion

B.context

C.abstract

D.information

问题3选项

A.poor

B.ideal

C.average

D.disappointment

问题4选项

A.such

B.one

C.any

D.some

问题5选项

A.fun

B.work

C.learning

D.prize

问题6选项

A.by

B.in

C.for

D.with

问题7选项

A.criticized

B.innocent

C.responsible

D.dismissed

问题8选项

A.collated

B.distributed

C.assigned

D.finished

问题9选项

A.maximum

B.minimum

C.possible

D.practical

问题10选项

A.student’s

B.professor’s

C.assistant’s

D.librarian’s

问题11选项

A.when

B.what

C.why

D.how

问题12选项

A.particularly

B.essentially

C.obviously

D.rarely

问题13选项

A.selections

B.collections

C.source

D.origins

问题14选项

A.hate

B.dislike

C.like

D.prefer

问题15选项

A.too

B.such

C.much

D.more

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:A

【解析】(1)逻辑连接词。根据句子结构可知,空格中填入一个引导连接词引导状语从句,主句部分为instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith……,上一句提到布置一份很长的阅读作业,下一句提到老师希望学生们熟悉……即使不在课堂上讨论或进行考试。可判断出前后两句存在假设关系,前一句为后一句的前提条件。选用if引导条件状语从句。句意:如果布置一份很长的阅读作业,老师希望学生们熟悉……。因此选项A符合题意。

(2)名词词义辨析。根据句意,老师们希望学生熟悉阅读材料中的……即使不在课堂上讨论或进行考试。Suggestion“建议”;context“语境”;abstract“摘要”;information“信息”。可知教师要求学生熟悉材料中的信息。因此信息D符合题意。

(3)形容词词义辨析。Poor“差的,可怜的”;ideal“理想的”;average“平均的,普通的”;disappointment“失望,沮丧,名词”。根据下文“ismotivatedtolearnforthesakeof…,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrader.”,可知这些学生学习不仅仅是为了拿高分,而是为了……,可判断出这是理想的学生。因此信息B符合题意。

(4)语法题。根据句子结构可知,空格后是由who引导的定语从句,所以空格中需填入一个先行词。句子的主语为theidealstudent,人作主语,所以可用代词one代指人,作先行词代词theidealstudent。因此选项B符合题意。

(5)上下文语义。根据句意,这些理想的学生是为了……而学习,而不仅仅为了拿高分。Fun“乐趣”;work“工作”;learning“学习”;prize“奖项”。可判断出理想的学生是为了学习知识而学习。因此选项C符合题意。

(6)介词词义辨析。By“通过”;in“在……里面”;for“为了”;with“具有,带着”。句意:有时,家庭作业会被退回来,并附有简短的书面评论,但没有分数。所以选用bereturnedwith“带着……退回”。因此选项D符合题意。

(7)形容词词义辨析。Criticized“被批评的”;innocent“无辜的,天真的”;responsible“负责任的”;dismissed“解雇的,解散的”。又根据固定搭配beresponsiblefor“对……负责”。句意:即使没有给出分数,学生也有责任学习指定的材料。因此选项C符合题意。

(8)动词词义辨析。Collate“核对,整理,检验”;distrib

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