考研考博-英语-包头钢铁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-包头钢铁职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

虽然美国总统奥巴马公开号召美国民众购买股票，但是由于投资者信心涣散，市场上难寻买家。3月5日，纽约股市三大股指跌幅全部超过4%，其中道琼斯指数自2日跌破7000点后又跌破6600点，创出自1997年4月以来的新低。导致当天纽约股市受重挫的直接原因是美国最大的汽车制造商通用汽车公司可能破产的消息。通用汽车公司在向美国证券交易委员会提交的报告中说，审计机构认为按照目前的状况公司很难继续生存下去。通用汽车公司表示，如果重组计划无法通过政府审核，公司将申请破产保护。由于通用汽车公司破产可能引发的连锁反应将严重打击美国经济，本以为奥巴马政府有望解决汽车业巨头困境的投资者纷纷抛售通用汽车公司的股票，导致该公司股票暴跌。

【答案】

AlthoughtheUnitedStatesPresidentBarackObamapubliclycalledonAmericanstobuyshares,it’shardtofindbuyersinstockmarketbecauseoftheshakyconfidenceofinvestors.OnMarch5,thethreemajorstockindexesinNewYorkstockmarketallfellover4%,amongwhichtheDowJonesIndexagainfellbelow6600pointsafterfallingbelow7000pointsonMarch2,hittinganewlowsinceApril1997.ThedirectreasonwhichcausedsuchgreatsetbackoftheNewYorkstockmarketonthatdayisthenewswhichsaidthatGeneralMotorsCorporation(GM),theAmerica’sbiggestcarmaker,couldgobankrupt.InareportsubmittedtotheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommissionGMsaidthattheauditinstitutionthinkitisverydifficulttosurviveaccordingtoitscurrentsituation.GMsaidthatiftherestructuringplanwasnotapprovedbygovernment,thecompanywillfileforbankruptcyprotection.AchainreactionprobablyresultingfromGM'sbankruptcywillhitgravelytheeconomyofU.S.，theinvestorswhooriginallythoughtthattheObamaadministrationwouldhopefullyrescuetheautogiantfromdifficultpositiononeafteranothersoldthesharesofGM,givingrisetoslumpofitsshares.

2.单选题

Thepolice（

）himabouthismovementsatthelineofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.chuckled

B.blurted

C.grilled

D.pried

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。chuckle意为“轻声地笑”；blurt意为“突然说出，脱口而出”；grill意为“盘问，审问”；pry意为“打听，刺探”。

句意：警察在审问了他关于他在犯罪现场的行动。

3.单选题

Theeditor-in-chiefbegs（

）tomorrow’smeeting.

问题1选项

A.tobeexcusedtoattend

B.tobeexcusedtoattending

C.toexcusetoattend

D.toexcusefromattending

【答案】A

【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excusesb.fromsth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意‘是同意…’，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“toattendtomorrow’smeeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。

4.写作题

Directions:Givealistofatleast5examplesofhowChinesecultureshinesaIdazzlingOlympicsopeningceremony,e.g.thepercussionrhythmsof2,008fouls,aprimitiveinstrumenlmadeofclayorbronze.RememberIowriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

5.单选题

Ifnooneasksanyquestion,I______everybodyunderstands.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.presume

C.pretend

D.presuppose

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以……为前提”。根据Ifnooneasksanyquestion可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。

6.单选题

Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare（）availablethesedays.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.instantly

C.readily

D.quickly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:私人电脑对普通人来说不再遥不可及，现在电脑很容易买到。

考查副词辨析。promptly敏捷地，迅速地；instantly立即地;readily容易地轻而易举地；quickly迅速地。故C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Thistypeofchair,easily____orfoldedaway,isidealforuseinthegarden.

问题1选项

A.putout

B.putin

C.putup

D.putforth

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.putout熄灭B.putin投入（时间或精力）

C.putup使物体直立起来D.putforth提出

【答案】C

【考查点】词组辨析与语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所填短语的主语为“这种类型的椅子”，并且该短语与后文“折叠起来”并列，因此，C选项putup“使物体直立起来”与原句语义衔接最紧密，指的是把折叠椅打开摆放。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原句语义衔接不当。

【句意】这种椅子易于摆放或折叠，非常适合在花园里使用。

8.单选题

Hestood（）amongathousanddimlyimaginedpossibilities.

问题1选项

A.faltering

B.wavering

C.pausing

D.hesitating

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。faltering蹒跚,

犹豫的,

支吾的；wavering摇摆的,犹豫不决；pause暂停,

踌躇；hesitating

犹豫的。句意：他在一千种模模糊糊想象出来的可能性中犹豫不决。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Thetwodelegateshadanin-depthexchangeofviewsonhowtoenhancetheir（）cooperation.

问题1选项

A.ethical

B.bilateral

C.mandatory

D.subsidiary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“伦理的，道德的”；bilateral“双边的”；mandatory“强制的”；subsidiary“附属的”，由delegate“代表团”与cooperation“合作”一词可知此处应该选择形容词bilateral，表示两国之间的合作。句意：这两个代表团就如何加强……合作进行了深入的交流。故正确答案为选项B。

10.单选题

Giventheotherconstitutionalgroundselaboratedbythejustices,theassociation（）thatschoolsshouldcontinuetotest,iftheysochoose.

问题1选项

A.preserves

B.safeguards

C.maintains

D.conserves

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保护、保存”；B选项safeguard“保护、保卫”；C选项maintain“维护、维持”；D选项conserve“保存、保护”，句意为：考虑到法官们阐述的其他宪法依据，协会坚持认为，如果学校选择继续进行考试的话，他们应该继续进行考试。因此选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Idisagreewiththeabhorrentwayyouuseotherpeople.

问题1选项

A.loathsome

B.wholesome

C.disgusted

D.ghastly

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项loathsome“令人厌恶的，讨厌的”，B项wholesome“健全的，有益健康的”，C项disgusted“憎恶的，反感的”，D项ghastly“可怕的，惨白的”。句意：我不同意你可恶地利用别人。根据句意可知，abhorrent在句中表示“可恶的”。因此，该题选择A项。

12.单选题

WhatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithMartin（

）.

问题1选项

A.inaway

B.intheway

C.ontheway

D.outoftheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。inaway意为“在某种程度上”；intheway意为“妨碍”；ontheway意为“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意为“偏远”。句意：你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。

13.单选题

It（

）toseesomanychildreninthatmountainousareacannotevenaffordelementaryeducation.

问题1选项

A.painsher

B.makesherpain

C.ispaining

D.ispained

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。itpainssb.tosee意为“看到……使某人心痛”。句意：看到很多山区的孩子无法接受基础教育使她心痛。

14.单选题

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(关系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,动力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

问题1选项

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

问题3选项

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

问题4选项

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

问题5选项

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人们可能无法活下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,动力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我们对事物和事件的情感体验会产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是"好的"而另一些是"坏的"。事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要——伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地适应周围的环境。故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

15.单选题

At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease”,namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforrearsinasterileplastictent)，shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhouse.”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecarnageisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenterCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensivedottingdragsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytohumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.ThissummerresearchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“genedoping”.Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea/’saysCrystal,“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork”.

1.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto（

）.

2.Anderson’searlysuccesshas（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Theword“tarnish”(line5,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans（

）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems（

）.

问题1选项

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmodemtreatment,forfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basetreatmentworks

问题2选项

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapy

C.promisedacuretoeverydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

问题3选项

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

C.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetter.

问题4选项

A.affect

B.warm

C.troubled

D.stain

问题5选项

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.troubled

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury），接着提到她1992年接受了最后一次基因疗法，并且彻底痊愈，由此可知选项A“展示基因疗法的前景”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二、三句话提到研究人员一直梦想用正常基因替换突变基因来治疗从血友病到癌症等各种疾病。这个梦想可能还会持续几十年（Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore），由此可知这个方法并不能在短期内有成效，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到治疗基因通常通过不会引起人类疾病的病毒传递（Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease），由此可知选项C“治疗基因由无害病毒携带”符合题意。

4.词义题。文章最后一段提到一些专家担心这个领域将会进一步被……如果下一个受益的人不是病人而是寻求优势的运动员（Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge），根据上下文可知基因疗法这个领域本意是为了治疗各种疾病而出现，而如果用来帮助运动员而不是病人，这个方法就失去了原本的价值，因此可以推测出动词tarnish的意思是“使失去光泽；玷污”，因此选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury）；文章最后一段提到每个人都认为基因疗法是一个好主意（Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea），由此可知作者是抱着乐观的态度，选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Itshouldbe

thatasindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwithcertainattributeswhichrepresenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.

问题1选项

A.reminded

B.perceived

C.marked

D.noted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。remind“提醒，使想起”；perceive“理解，认知”；mark“标志”；note“注意；记录”。句意：要认识到一点：作为个体，有天赋的学生被赋予了某些特性，这些特性代表着他们生命中潜在的成功。选项B符合题意。

17.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

当我们谈及智力，我们不是指在某种考试中取得高分的能力，也不是指学习好的能力。我们所谈的智力指的是一种生活风格，一种生活，一种在各种情况下的行为方式。真正的智力测验不是测试我们对怎样做知道多少，而是测试当我们不知道做什么时会怎样做。无论年老年少，有才智的人遇到新情况或问题时，都会豁达地面对。他努力用心和感觉去尽可能地掌握所有细节。他考虑该情况或问题，而不是考虑他自己或是这将给他带来什么后果。他大胆地、富有想象力地、机智地，而且如果不是信心十足地，至少是充满希望地去解决问题；假如他无法圆满解决，对自己的错误他也并不害怕或是感到惭愧，而且尽量从中吸取教训，这就是智力。

【答案】Whenwetalkaboutintelligence,wedonotmeantheabilitytogetagoodscoreonacertainkindoftest,oreventheabilitytodowellinschool.Byintelligencewemeanastyleoflife,alife,awayofbehavinginvarioussituations.Thetruetestofintelligenceisnottotesthowmuchweknowhowtodo,buthowwebehavewhenwedon'tknowwhattodo.Theintelligentperson,youngorold,meetingsituationorproblem,openshimselfuptoit.Hetriestotakeinwithmindandsenseseverythinghecanaboutit.Hethinksaboutit,insteadofabouthimselforwhatitmightcausetohappentohim.Hegrappleswithitboldly,imaginatively,resourcefully,andifnotconfidently,atleasthopefully;ifhefailstomasterit,helookswithoutfearorshameathismistakesandlearnswhathecanfromthem.Thisisintelligence.

18.单选题

Peopleunderstresshaveperformed（

）featsofstrengthlikeliftinganautomobileoffanaccidentvictim.

问题1选项

A.specific

B.extraordinary

C.abrupt

D.abnormal

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。extraordinary“不平常的；非凡的”;specific“特有的，特种的”；abrupt“突然的，意外的”；abnormal“不正常的，反常的”。句意：人们在有压力的情况下表现出非凡的力量，比如把一辆汽车从交通事故的受害者身上搬开。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Archaeologicalliteratureisrichindescriptionsofpotmaking.Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.

Theclayusedinprehistoricpotmakingwasinvariablyselectedwiththeutmostcare:oftenitwastradedoverconsiderabledistances.Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.Bycarefulkneading,thepotterremovedtheairbubblesandmadetheclayasplasticaspossible,allowingittobemoldedintoshapeasthepotwasbuiltup,Whenapotisfired,itlosesitswaterandcancrack,sothepotteraddedatempertotheclay,asubstancethathelpedreduceshrinkageandcracking.

Sincesurfacefinishesprovidedapleasingappearanceandalsoimprovedthedurabilityinday-to-dayuse,thepottersmoothedtheexteriorsurfaceofthepotwithwethands.Oftenawetclaysolution,knownasaslip,wasappliedtothesmoothsurface.Brightlycoloredslipswereoftenusedandformedpainteddecorationsonthevessel.Inlatertimes.Glazescameintouseinsomeareas.Aglazeisaformofslipthatturnstoaglasslikefinishduringhigh-temperaturefiring.Whenaslipwasnotapplied,thevesselwasallowedtodryslowlyuntiltheexternalsurfacewasalmostlikeleatherintexture.Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.Somepotswereadornedwithincisedorstampeddecorations.

Mostearlypotterywasthenfiredoveropenhearths.Thevesselswerecoveredwithfast-burningwood;asitburned,theasheswouldallaroundthepotsandbakethemevenlyoverafewhours.Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,whichwouldnotonlybaketheclayandremoveitsplasticity,butalsodissolvecarbonsandironcompounds.Kilnswerealsousedforglazing,whentwofiringswereneeded.Oncefired,thepotswereallowedtocoolslowly,andsmallcrackswererepairedbeforetheywerereadyforuse.

54.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

55.Theword“meticulously”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto____.

56.Whichofthefollowingwasamethodusedbysomepotterstogivevesselsaglassyfinish?

57.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofkilnsoveropenfireswasthatthekilns____.

问题1选项

A.Whyarchaeologistsstudyprehistoricpotmaking.

B.Howearlypotterywasmadeanddecorated.

C.Thedevelopmentofkilnsusedbyearlypotters.

D.ThevarietyofdecorationsonPrehistoricpottery.

问题2选项

A.heavily

B.initially

C.carefully

D.completely

问题3选项

A.Smoothingthemwithwethands.

B.Mixingtheclaywithcoloredsolutions.

C.Bakingthemataveryhightemperature.

D.Rubbingthemwithasmoothhardobject.

问题4选项

A.requiredlesswoodforburning

B.reachedhighertemperatures

C.keptashesawayfromthepots

D.bakedvesselswithoutcrackingthem

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句Unlikemodernindustrialpotters,prehistoricartisanscreatedeachoftheirpiecesindividually,usingthesimplesttechnologybutdemonstratingremarkableskillinmakingandadorningtheirvessels.（与现代工业陶艺家不同的是，史前工匠们用最简单的技术制作了每一件陶器，但在制作和装饰器皿方面表现出非凡的技巧），可知本文的主旨是B项“早期陶器的制作和装饰”，后文都是在讲早期陶器制作和装饰的过程。

A项“考古学家为什么研究史前造壶”，文中并未提及；C项“早期陶艺家使用的窑炉的发展”，kilns只在文章最后提到，不是文章主题；D项“史前陶器上装饰的种类”，也只是在文中有提及，并不是文章的主旨。

55.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。定位到第二段Theconsistencyoftheclaywascrucial:itwaspoundedmeticulouslyandmixedwithwatertomakeitentirelyevenintexture.（粘土的稠度至关重要：它被仔细地捣碎，并与水混合，使其质地完全均匀）。meticulously“仔细地”。A项“大量地；沉重地”，B项“最初”，C项“仔细地；小心翼翼的”，D项“彻底地；完全地”，因此只有C项符合。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：以下哪种方法是一些陶工用来给器皿玻璃般的饰面？文中第三段倒数第二句Itwasthenrubbedwitharoundstoneorsimilarobjecttogiveitashiny,hardsurface.（用一块圆石或者类似的东西打磨，可以得到一个光亮、坚硬的表面），因此正确选项为D“用光滑的硬物摩擦它们”。A项“用湿手抚平它们”，这并不能得到一个玻璃般的饰面，而且接下来还有很多步骤；B项“将粘土与有色溶液混合”，文中未体现；C项“在很高的温度下烘烤”，这是glaze“釉料”的制作过程。

57.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段第三句Farhighertemperatureswereattainedinspecialovens,knownaskilns,which…（在被称为窑炉的特殊烘箱中，温度要高得多，这种烘箱……），

是说用这种特殊的烤炉里可以得到高得多的温度，因此正确选项为B“达到更高的温度”。A项“燃烧所需木材较少”，C项“把灰从罐子里拿开”，D项“烘烤容器并且容器没有开裂”，均在文中未体现。

20.翻译题

疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲人最常抱怨的问题之一。或许你认为在这个拥有各种节省体力的装置和方便的交通设施的时代。很少有人会有理由感到如此疲劳。然而，今天与用手捆干草，用搓衣板洗衣服的昔日相比，抱怨疲劳的人也许更多了。据医生们说，疲倦更可能是由于过少的活动所致，而不是过多的活动所引起的。情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑，显然是长期疲劳最常见的原因。

【答案】Fatigueisoneofthemostcommonproblemscomplainedbypeopletodoctors,friendsandfolks.Perhapsyouthinkthatfewwouldhavereasonstofeeltiredintheeraoffullofallkindsofstrength-savingdeviceandconvenienttransportfacilities.However,maybemorepeoplecomplainaboutthefatiguenowadaysthantheolddayswhenbalinghaybyhandandwashingclotheswithawashboard.Asthedoctorsaid,fatigueismorelikelytoresultfromtoolittleactivity,andnottobecausedbytoomanyactivities.Emotionalproblemsandtrouble,especiallydepressionandanxiety,areclearlythemostcommoncauseofchronicfatigue.

21.单选题

“Whichcoatdidyourhusbandbuy?”“Theblackone,butI（）thegreenone.”

问题1选项

A.wouldratherhavebought

B.wouldratherbuy

C.wouldhaveratherbought

D.ratherhadbought

【答案】A

【解析】句意:“你的丈夫买了哪一件外套？”“黑色的那件外套，但我宁愿买绿色的那件。”

语法题。考查虚拟语气。这里表示对过去已发生事情的假设,所以表示对过去的虚拟:wouldratherhave+done。故选A。

22.单选题

The（）oftheapartmenttohisofficewasanadvantageonrainydays.

问题1选项

A.vicinity

B.neighborhood

C.surroundings

D.confines

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:vicinity“附近，邻近；附近地区”；B:neighborhood“地区；某地区的人”；C:surroundings“（周围的）环境［事物］；环境”；D:confines“境界；限度；范围”。句意：这公寓离他的办公室很近，在雨天时是一大优势。根据语境可知A为正确答案。

23.单选题

A（）,hewasprobablyoneofthemostrealisticwritersofhisday.

问题1选项

A.self-confessingromantic

B.self-confessedromance

C.self-confessingromance

D.self-confessedromantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查词性辨析。self-confessing无此用法，排除A和C选项；self-confessed“自认为的”。根据后半句可知选项的重心是描述一个人，因此选择romantic“浪漫的人”，而romance“传奇，浪漫史，冒险故事”不符合句意。因此D选项符合题意。

24.单选题

Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim（）bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

问题1选项

A.setforth

B.broughtforth

C.comeup

D.putforward

【答案】A

【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出（设立）目标”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”，但不能与aim搭配使用，我们可以说：bringforthevidence，putforwardatheory(idea，plan，suggestion)。comeup意为“出现”“被提出”，作非及物动词用。本句意为：“他没有完全达到教师在学期初提出的目标。”

25.单选题

It’snoteasytofindasolutiontothecountry’slabor（

）.

问题1选项

A.decline

B.vacancy

C.rarity

D.shortage

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项decline“下降，衰退”；B选项vacancy“空缺”；C选项rarity“罕见，珍贵”；D选项shortage“短缺”。句意：要找到解决国家劳动力短缺的办法并不容易。选项D符合句意。

26.案例题

Howgoodareyouatsaying"no"?Formany,it'ssurprisinglydifficult.Thisisespeciallytrueofeditors,whobynaturetendtobeeagerandengagedparticipantsineverythingtheydo.Considerthesescenarios:

It'slateintheday.Thatfrontpackageyou'vebeenworkingonisnearlycomplete;onelasteditandit'sfinished.Entertheexecutiveeditor,whomakesasuggestionrequiringamore-than-modestrearrangementofthedesignandtheadditionofaninformationbox.Youwanttoscream:"No!It'sdone!"Whatdoyoudo?

Thefirstruleofsayingnotothebossisdon'tsayno.Sheprobablyhassomethinginmindwhenshemakessuggestions,andit'suptoyoutofindoutwhat.Thesecondruleisdon'traisethestakesbychallengingherauthority.Thatissueisalreadydecided.Thethirdruleistobereadytociteoptionsandconsequences.Theboss'ssuggestionsmightbeappropriate,buttherearealwaysconsequences.Shemightnotknowaboutthepagesbackingupthatneedattention,oraboutthedesignerwhohadtogohomesick.Tellhershecanhavewhatshewants,butexplaintheconsequences.Understandwhatshe'stryingtoaccomplishandproposeaPlanBthatwillmakeithappenwithoutdestroyingwhatyou'vedonesofar.

Here'sanothercase.Yourleast-favoritereportersuggestsadumbstoryidea.Thisoneshouldbeeasy,butit'snot.Ifyousayno,evenpolitely,youriskinhibitingfurtherideas,notjustfromthatreporter,butfromotherswhoheardthatyouturneddowntheidea.Thisscenarioiscommoninnewsroomsthatlackasystematicwaytofilterstorysuggestions.

Twostepsarenecessary.First,youneedasystemforhowstoriesareproposedandreviewed.Reporterscantoleraterejectionoftheirideasiftheybelievetheyweregivenafairhearing.Yourgutreaction（本能反应）anddismissiverejection,evenofaworthlessidea,mightnotqualifyassystematicorfair.

Second,t