考研考博-英语-新疆现代职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆现代职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Themayorisawomanwithgreat（）andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialassistance.

问题1选项

A.integrity

B.instinct

C.intensity

D.insanity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项integrity“完整；正直；诚实；廉正”；B选项instinct“本能；直觉；天性”；C选项intensity“强度；强烈”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱；愚顽”。句意：这位市长是一位非常正直的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政援助。根据句意，A选项正确。

2.单选题

Inthislaw,______,“state”meansaterritoryorgroupofterritorieshavingitsownlawofnationality.

问题1选项

A.otherwisethecontextrequires

B.unlessthecontextrequires

C.thecontextotherwise

D.unlessthecontextotherwiserequires

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词和固定搭配。在法律英语中，unlessthecontextotherwiserequires“除上下文另有所指”经常使用，Otherwise在这里是作为形容词“另外的”使用；A选项缺少连词，B选项“除非上下文要求”语义矛盾，C选项语义不完整；这句话句意是：在本条法令中，除上下文另有所指，“国家”指拥有自己的国籍法的一个领土或一组领土。根据句子结构和句意，只有D项是通顺且符合语法的。

3.问答题

Butsacrificingambitionsoastoguardagainstitspotentialexcesses,isto(A)goatthingswrongly.Todiscourageambitionistodiscouragedreamsofgrandeurandgreatness.Allmenandwomenareborn,live,sufferanddie;(B)whatdistinguishesusonefromanotherisourdreams,(C)maytheybedreamaboutworldlyorunworldlythings,andwhatwedoto(D)makethemcomeabout.

【答案】C；改成whethertheybedreamsabout。

4.不定项选择题

Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.That,atleast,isthefolkwisdom.Andscience,intheformofbehavioralpsychology,supportsthatwisdom.Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.Onesaysthatsleepiswhenpermanentmemoriesform.Theothersaysthattheyareactuallyformedduringtheday,butthen“edited”atnight,toflushawaywhatissuperfluous.

Totellthedifference,itisnecessarytolookintothebrainofasleepingperson,andthatishard.Butafteradecadeofpainstakingwork,ateamledbyPierreMaquetatLiegeUniversityinBelgiumhasmanagedtodoit.TheparticularstageofsleepinwhichtheBelgiangroupisinterestedisrapideyemovement(REM)sleep,whenbrainandbodyareactive,heartrateandbloodpressureincrease,theeyesmovebackandforthbehindtheeyelidsasifwatchingamovie,andbrainwavetracesresemblethoseofwakefulness.Itisduringthisperiodofsleepthatpeoplearemostlikelytoreliveeventsofthepreviousdayindreams.

Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPETtostudythebrainsofpeopleastheypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.Thetaskrequiredthemtopressabuttonasfastaspossible,inresponsetoalightcomingoninoneofsixpositions.Astheylearnthowtodothis,theirresponsetimesgotfaster.Whattheydidnotknowwasthattheappearanceofthelightssometimesfollowedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthattheylearntfasterwhenthepatternwaspresentthanwhentherewasnot.

Whatismore,thosewithmoretolearn(i.e.,the“grammar”,aswellasthemechanicaltaskofpushingthebutton)havemoreactivebrains.The“editing”theorywouldnotpredictthat,sincethenumberofirrelevantstimuliwouldbethesameineachcase.Andtoeliminateanydoubtsthattheexperimentalsubjectswerelearningasopposedtounlearning,theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep.

Theteam,therefore,concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep,particularlyifthebraindetectsaninherentstructureinthematerialbeinglearnt.Sonow,ontheeveofthatcrucialtest,mathsstudentscansleepsoundlyintheknowledgethatwhattheywillrememberthenextdayarethebasicrulesofalgebraandnottheincoherenttalkfromtheradionextdoor.

6.Researchersinbehavioralpsychologyaredividedwithregardto（）.

7.Asmanifestedintheexperimentalstudy,rapideyemovementischaracterizedby（）.

8.Byreferringtotheartificialgrammar,theauthorintendstoshow（）.

9.Intheirstudy,researchersledbyPierreMaquettookadvantageofthetechniqueof（）.

10.WhatadvicemightMaquetgivetothosewhohaveacrucialtestthenextday?

问题1选项

A.howdreamsaremodifiedintheircourses

B.thedifferencebetweensleepandwakefulness

C.whysleepisofgreatbenefittomemory

D.thefunctionsofagoodnight’ssleep

问题2选项

A.intenselyactivebrainwavetraces

B.subjects’quickerresponsetimes

C.complicatedmemorypatterns

D.revivalofeventsinthepreviousday

问题3选项

A.itssignificanceinthestudy

B.aninherentpatternbeinglearnt

C.itsresemblancetothelights

D.theimportanceofanight’ssleep

问题4选项

A.exposingalong-heldfolkwisdom

B.clarifyingthepredictionsondreams

C.makingcontrastsandcomparisons

D.correlatingeffectswiththeircauses

问题5选项

A.Memorizinggrammarwithgreatefforts.

B.Studytextbookswithcloseattention.

C.Havetheirbrainimagesrecorded.

D.Enjoytheirsleepatnightsoundly.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】6.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。文中第一段Butsuchbehavioralstudiescannotdistinguishbetweentwocompetingtheoriesofwhysleepisgoodforthememory.（但是这样的行为研究并不能区分为什么睡眠对记忆力有好处的两种相互矛盾的理论），所以他们对为什么睡眠对记忆力有好处持有不同的观点，故应选C选项“为什么睡眠对记忆力很有好处”。A选项“梦是如何在课程中被修改的”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“睡眠和清醒的区别”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“一个好觉的作用”，过于片面，可排除。因此C选项正确。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段中指出“…whenbrainandbodyareactive”，大脑积极运转是眼珠快速转动的主要特征，且在第三、四段又再次说明。选项B“被研究者更快的反应速度”，选项C“复杂的记忆模式”和选项D“前一天事件的重现”都不是眼球快速运动的主要特征。故应选A“强烈活跃的脑电波痕迹”。因此A选项正确。

8.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。原文的第三段最后Whattheydidnotknow…followedapattern-whatisreferredtoas“artificialgrammar”.Yetthereductionsinresponsetimeshowedthat…说明了这种内在模式，也就是“artificialgrantor”对于记忆的重要性。因此A选项正确。

9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。这个题考查的是对后面几段的归纳。首先在第三段开始Dr.MaquetusedanelectronicdevicecalledPET…theypracticedataskduringtheday,andastheysleptduringthefollowingnight.这是一种对比性的研究方法。后来的第四段最后…theirresponsetimeswhentheywokeupwereevenquickerthanwhentheywenttosleep也采用了对比的分析研究，故应选C“对比与比较”。因此C选项正确。

10.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。这是一个通篇的中心归纳的考查题。文章一开始就指出Beforeabigexam,asoundnight’ssleepwilldoyoubetterthanporingovertextbooks.意思是在晚上好好的睡觉对记忆是有好处的。最后作者又归纳了研究的结果，“…concludedthatthenerveconnectionsinvolvedinmemoryarereinforcedthroughreactivationduringREMsleep…”也说明结构性知识在REM睡眠中是可以巩固的。故应选D。

5.不定项选择题

Giventhelackofbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.Few,MacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArhurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“Because1hadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrongwillednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

41.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat______.

42.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers______.

43.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho______.

44.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess______.

45.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat______.

问题1选项

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

问题2选项

A.toprovidesupportforhisargument

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

问题3选项

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

问题4选项

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coaching

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

问题5选项

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat______.1.作者关于学校的主要观点是______。

A.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgroundsA.他们应该满足来自不同家庭背景的学生的需求

B.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudentsB.他们往往不能满足有才能的学生的需要

C.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’abilityC.他们应该根据学生的能力组织班级

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossibleD.他们应该招收尽可能多的天才学生

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的”，和第三句“但大多数人在学校表现不佳，不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们发现学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”理解可知，有天赋的学生在学校表现不佳是因为学校不能满足他们的需求，故B项“他们往往不能满足有才能的学生的需要”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们应该满足来自不同家庭背景的学生的需求”，不是满足不同家庭背景，而是满足不同才能的学生的需求，该项属于曲解原文；

C项“他们应该根据学生的能力组织班级”和D项“他们应该招收尽可能多的天才学生”文章没有体现，这两项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith’steachers______.2.作者引用了奥利弗•戈德史密斯的一位老师的评论______。

A.toprovidesupportforhisargumentA.为他的论点提供支持

B.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildrenB.为了说明一些天才儿童的坚强意志

C.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessfulC.解释为什么迟钝的学生也能成功

D.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschoolD.来表明奥利弗在学校的表现有多差

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】首先根据题干定位至第一段倒数第二句“关于奥利弗•戈德史密斯，他的一位老师这样评价他：从来没有一个孩子像他这样迟钝”，作者引用奥利弗•戈德史密斯的例子，在这里是为了说明天才学生对学校的评价都不好，接着最后一句指出“这些孩子经常意识到他们知道的比他们的老师多，而他们的老师经常觉得这些孩子傲慢、漫不经心或缺乏动力”更是证实了学校不能满足学生的需求，所以作者引用奥利弗的例子是为了支持他的论点，该题选择A项“为他的论点提供支持”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“为了说明一些天才儿童的坚强意志”不是引用奥利弗的例子的原因，该项属于出处错位；

C项“解释为什么迟钝的学生也能成功”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；

D项“来表明奥利弗在学校的表现有多差”并不是作者想要表达的动机，该项属于曲解原文。

3.【选项释义】

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho______.3.巴勃罗•毕加索被列为______的众多天才儿童之一。

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclassA.上课时不注意听老师讲课

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooftenB.太经常反驳他们的老师

C.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfullyC.不能顺利完成学业

D.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachersD.在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段前两句“有些有天赋的人可能在学校表现不佳，因为他们的天赋不是学术方面的。也许我们可以用这种方式来解释毕加索。”可知，毕加索也是在学校表现不佳的天才之一，也就是说学业成绩并不好，故C项“不能顺利完成学业”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“上课时不注意听老师讲课”只是学校表现不佳的一方面，该项属于以偏概全；

B项“太经常反驳他们的老师”没有提到，该项属于无中生有；

D项“在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执”，根据第一段最后一句“这些孩子经常意识到他们知道的比他们的老师多，而他们的老师经常觉得这些孩子傲慢、漫不经心或缺乏动力”可知，不是天才儿童在老师面前表现得傲慢而固执，而是他们的老师是这样认为这些天才的，该项属于曲解原文。

4.【选项释义】

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess______.4.许多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于______。

A.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathomeA.主要是家长的帮助和他们在家里的教育

B.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparents’coachingB.学校和父母的指导

C.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltrainingC.更多的是父母的鼓励，而不是学校的培训

D.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalentD.他们的天赋，而不是他们的系统教育

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“当任何领域的高天赋学生谈到什么对他们能力的发展是重要的时，他们更有可能提到他们的家庭，而不是他们的学校或老师”可知，许多有天赋的人将他们的成功归功于家庭教育，A项“主要是家长的帮助和他们在家里的教育”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“学校和父母的指导”，有天赋的人并没有把他们的成功归功于学校，该项属于反向干扰；

C项“更多的是父母的鼓励，而不是学校的培训”，父母的鼓励只是其中一小部分，该项概括不全面，属于以偏概全；

D项“他们的天赋，而不是他们的系统教育”在原文没有依据，该项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat______.5.许多天才学生对学校有不好的记忆的根本原因是______。

A.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftroubleA.他们的不服从给他们带来了许多麻烦

B.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachersB.他们很少受到老师的表扬

C.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethemC.学校的课程未能激发或激励他们

D.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparentsD.老师通常比他们的父母严格得多

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第三句“但大多数人在学校表现不佳，不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们发现学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”可知，因为学校不能提供天才学生所需要的挑战性，所以他们失去兴趣从而在学校表现不好，这也给他们带来了不好的回忆，故推断其根本原因就是学校的课程没有办法激发他们的兴趣，该题选择C项“学校的课程未能激发或激励他们”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“他们的不服从给他们带来了许多麻烦”和D项“老师通常比他们的父母严格得多”没有提到，这两项属于无中生有；

B项“他们很少受到老师的表扬”与他们在学校的表现有关，和题干无关，该项属于出处错位。

6.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotography'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineart,asdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality;photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves——anythingbutmakingworksofart.Inthenineteencentury,photography'sassociationwiththerealworldplaceditinanambivalentrelationtoart;lateinthetwentiethcentury,anambivalentrelationexistsbecauseoftheModernistheritageinart.Thatimportantphotographersarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart,showstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisornotart.Forexamplethosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity—inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographymentionedinthepassagestressedthatphotographywas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes‘theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism”astheauthorrepresentsitinthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthereactionofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstothequestionofwhetherphotographyisanart?

5.TheauthorintroduceananalogyAbstractExpressionistpaintersinorderto（）.

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explainingtheattitudesofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext.

C.defininghowphotographyemergedasafineartafterthecontroversiesofthenineteenthcentury.

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches.

问题2选项

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity.

B.anartforobservingtheworldimpartially.

C.anartcomparabletopainting.

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts.

问题3选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Dramatic

D.Paradoxical

问题4选项

A.Thephotographers'beliefthattheirrelianceonanimpersonalmachinetoproducetheirartrequiresthesurrenderoftheauthorityoftheirpersonalvision.

B.Thephotographers'fearthatseriousphotographymaynotbeacceptedasanartbythecontemporaryartpublic.

C.ThePhotographers'beliefthatthebestartissubversiveofartasithaspreviouslybeendefined.

D.Thenotoriousdifficultyofdefiningartinitsrelationtorealisticrepresentation.

问题5选项

A.setforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

B.provideacontrastagainstseriouscontemporaryphotographers.

C.provideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,notandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

D.provideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodernart.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文主要讲述摄影师先为摄影是否是艺术而争辩,后为否定其艺术而努力。作者主要是为了解释严肃的当代摄影师对摄影被认为是艺术的态度,并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程中来观察。所以选项B正确。

2.根据第一段的最后一句“photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.”在十九世纪,有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、机械地复制现实；摄影师们断言,这是一种特殊的观看方式,是对普通视觉的反抗,其实摄影是可与绘画媲美的艺术。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第二段最后一句“艺术越好,对艺术传统目的的破坏越大。”由此可推测,这种概念是矛盾的。所以选项D正确。

4.根据第二段最后一句“除了表明自己的工作与艺术无关,重要的摄影师不愿再辩论摄影是不是好的艺术。他们认为现代主义胜利强加给艺术的概念是理所当然：即艺术越好,对艺术传统目的的破坏得越大。”选项C符合原文。

5.根据第三段的内容可知,那些认为通过拍照可以摆脱绘画所表现的艺术的摄影家,使我们想起那些抽象表现主义画家,他们通过专注于绘画的物理行为,想象自己摆脱了古典现代主义绘画的思想禁锢。由此可知,作者举抽象表现主义画家的例子是为了说明他们像严肃的当代摄影师一样,拒绝承认传统上被接受的现代艺术目标。选项D符合原文。

7.单选题

_______sleepiscrucialtothehealthofadults,newresearchsuggeststhatlackofsleepmayaffectteens’health,too.

问题1选项

A.Justas

B.Aslongas

C.Despitethat

D.Nomatterhow

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A选项Justas“正像”；B选项Aslongas“只要”；C选项Despitethat“尽管”；D选项Nomatterhow“不管怎样”。句意：_______睡眠对成年人的健康至关重要，新的研究表明，睡眠不足也可能影响青少年的健康。根据too可知睡眠不足会同时影响青少年和成年人，所以Justas“正像”让句子通顺，符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

AleadingBritishscholarhasproposedtranslatingShakespeareintocontemporaryEnglish（）youngaudienceswhoareconfusedbyjokeswhichare400yearsoutofdate.

问题1选项

A.inmemoryof

B.atthecostof

C.onbehalfof

D.forthebenefitof

【答案】D

【解析】inmemoryof纪念……；atthecostof以……为代价；onbehalfof代表，为了；forthebenefitof为了……的利益。句意：英国一位著名学者提议将莎士比亚的作品翻译成现代英语，以造福那些被过时了400年的笑话弄糊涂的年轻观众。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Thiscan（）somethingthatthestudentsmaynothavecomprehendedinEnglish.

问题1选项

A.signify

B.specify

C.clarify

D.testify

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查动词辨析题。signify“表示；预示”；specify“指明；详细说明”；clarify“阐明”；testify“证明”，根据“学生们可能没有理解的”可知此处应该选用动词specify，表示“详细的解释，说明”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：这个能详细地解释一些学生们可能没有理解的英语问题。

10.单选题

Theracial,intellectualandeconomicpoliciesoftheNationalSocialistPartywerecarriedoutwithunprecedentedruthlessness.

问题1选项

A.cruelty

B.contempt

C.caution

D.concession

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.cruelty（尤指蓄意的）残酷，残忍B.contempt蔑视，轻蔑

C.caution谨慎，小心D.concession让步，妥协

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】ruthlessness的意思为“无情，残忍”，指的是国家社会党实施政策的方式非常残忍，cruelty与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】国家社会党的种族、知识和经济政策以前所未有的残暴方式进行。

11.单选题

Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis（

）ideaaboutthetrip.

问题1选项

A.weary

B.twilight

C.unanimous

D.weird

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:没有人知道他是怎么想出这么一个旅行点子。

weary:疲倦的，使人厌烦的。twilight:虚幻的，暮年的。unanimous:意见一致的。weird:怪异的，不可思议的。故D项符合句意。

12.单选题

Thechild’shystericalcrying（）thedoctorfromcompletinghisexamination.

问题1选项

A.fostered

B.spurred

C.impeded

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。foster“培养，养育”；spur“激励，鞭策”；impede“阻碍”；sustain“维持”。句意：那孩子歇斯底里的哭声妨碍了医生完成检查。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Thisistheindustrialist’s（

）:invest,andriskgoingbankrupt,ornotinvestandrisklosingyourshareofthemarket.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】根据下文列举出的两种情况可以推断,填空处应指进退两难的境地。句意:这就是实业家的困境:要么冒着破产的风险投资;要么不投资,但要面临着失去市场份额的风险。选项D符合语境。

14.单选题

Thedoctorponderedforawhile,tryingtorecallwhichofseveralmedicationswouldbebestto（

）thepatient’ssuffering.

问题1选项

A.alleviate

B.restrict

C.decrease

D.diminish

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。alleviate“减轻，使……缓和”；restrict“限制，约束”；decrease“减少”；diminish“减少，减损”。句意：医生仔细考虑了一会，试图回想起哪一种药能够最有效地减轻病人的痛苦。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohissubject,（）extensivelyoutsideofit.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoread

B.muchlesstoread

C.stillmorereading

D.muchlessreading

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。因题干中谓语动词find的真正宾语为toread...，所以选项中也应有不定式。因此可排除含有动名词reading的C项和D项。A项中的muchmore意为“更加，何况”，与题干语意相矛盾。B项muchless意为“更不用说，更何况”，符合题意。

16.单选题

FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsareavailable（）toteachers.

问题1选项

A.instore

B.inoperation

C.inabundance

D.instock

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项instore“贮藏着；准备着；将要发生”；B选项inoperation“生效；运转着”；C选项inabundance“大量的；丰富的；充足的”；D选项instock“有存货；现有”。句意：从科学到莎士比亚，教师们可以大量使用优秀的电视和视频节目。由空格前的关键词“available可使用的”可知“大量的”符合句意，因此C选项正确。

17.翻译题

Thebodieswhoplaymajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

【答案】这些年来，从事主要职业运动的选手们身高发生了巨大的变化，所以经理们很愿意调整队服，使其能够适合越来越多大体型的人。

18.单选题

Thepioneersoftheteachingofscienceimaginedthatitsintroductionintoeducationwouldmovetheconventionality,artificiality,andbackward-lookingnesswhichwerecharacteristicofclassicalstudies,buttheyweregravelydisappointed.So,too,intheirtimehadthehumanists)thoughtthatthestudyoftheclassicalauthorsintheoriginalwouldbanishatoncethedullpedantryandsuperstitionofmediaevalscholasticism.Theprofessionalschoolmasterwasamatchforbothofthem，andhasalmostmanagedtomaketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffairasthereadingofVirgil’sAeneid.

Thechiefclaimfortheuseofscienceineducationisthatitteachesachildsomethingabouttheactualuniverseinwhichheislivingin,makinghimacquaintedwiththeresultsofscientificdiscovery,andatthesametimeteacheshimhowtothinklogicallyandinductivelybystudyingscientificmethod.Acertainlimitedsuccesshasbeenreachedinthefirstoftheseaims,butpracticallynoneatallinthesecond.Thoseprivilegedmembersofthecommunitywhohavebeenthroughasecondaryorpublicschooleducationmaybeexpectedtoknowsomethingabouttheelementaryphysicsandchemistryofahundredyearsago,buttheyprobablyknowhardlymorethananybrightboycanpickupfromaninterestinwirelessorscientifichobbiesoutofschoolhours.

Astothelearningofscientificmethod,thewholethingispalpablyafarce.Actually,fortheconvenienceofteachersandtherequirementsoftheexaminationsystem,itisnecessarythatthepupilsnotonlydonotlearnscientificmethodbutlearnpreciselythereverse，thatis,tobelieveexactlywhattheyaretoldandtoreproduceitwhenasked,whetheritseemsnonsensetothemornot.Thewayinwhicheducatedpeoplerespondtosuchquackeriesasspiritualismorastrology,nottosaymoredangerousonessuchasracialtheoriesorcurrencymyths,showsthatfiftyyearsofeducationinthemethodofscienceinBritainorGermanyhasproducednovisibleeffectwhatever.Theonlywayoflearningthemethodofscienceisthelongandbitterwayofpersonalexperience,and,untiltheeducationalorsocialsystemsarealteredtomakethispossible,thebestwecanexpectistheproductionofaminorityofpeoplewhoareabletoacquiresomeofthetechniquesofscienceandastillsmallerminoritywhoareabletouseanddevelopthem.

1.Theauthorimpliesthattheprofessionalschoolmaster”(line6)has（）.

2.Theauthorblamesallofthefollowingforthefailuretoimpartscientificmethodthroughthe（）.

3.Iftheauthorweretostudycurrenteducationinsciencetoseehowthingshavechangedsincehewrotethepiece,hewouldprobablybemostinterestedintheanswertowhichofthefollowingquestions?

4.Allofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetextexcept（）.

问题1选项

A.nointerestinteachingscience

B.thwartedattemptstoenliveneducation

C.supportedthehumanists

D.beenapioneerinbothscienceandhumanities.

问题2选项

A.lackofinterestonthepartofstudents

B.poorteaching

C.examinationmethods

D.thesocialandeducationsystems

问题3选项

A.Dostudentsknowmoreabouttheworldaboutthem?

B.Dostudentsspendmoretimeinlaboratories?

C.Canstudentsapplytheirknowledgelogically?

D.Havetextbooksimproved?

问题4选项

A.atthetimeofwriting,notallchildrenreceivedasecondaryschooleducation

B.itisrelativelyeasytolearnscientificmethod

C.scienceteachinghasimpartedsomeknowledgeoffactstosomechildren

D.theauthorbelievesthatmanyteachersareauthoritarian

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“maketheunderstandingofchemicalreactionsasdullandasdogmaticanaffa