考研考博-英语-兰州石化职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州石化职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Amazonhasgivenintopublisherpressureandagreedtoabandontheir$9.99pricepointfore-books.

PublisherMacmillanfeltthatthe$9.99pricedevaluedmanyofitsbestsellers,whichoftensellfor$30inhardcoverformat.Inresponsetothepricingdispute,AmazonbrieflyremovedallMacmillanbooksfromitsstorelastweek.However,theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands.

InastatementSunday,Amazondefendeditspositiontocustomers:

Macmillan,oneofthe“bigsix”publishers,hasclearlycommunicatedtousthat,regardlessofourviewpoint,theyarecommittedtoswitchingtoanagencymodelandcharging$12.99to$14.99fore-booksversionsofbestsellersandmosthardcoverreleases.

WehaveexpressedourstrongdisagreementandtheseriousnessofourdisagreementbytemporarilyceasingthesaleofallMacmillantitles.Wewantyoutoknowthatultimately,however,wewillhavetocapitulateandacceptMacmillan’stermsbecauseMacmillanhasamonopolyovertheirowntitles,andwewillwanttoofferthemtoyouevenatpriceswebelieveareneedlesslyhighfore-books.

Amazon’sdecisiontothrowinthetowelmayberelatedtoMacmillan’srecentagreementtosellbooksinApple’siBookstore.Amazonhascapturedanoverwhelmingshareofthee-bookmarketwithitsKindlereader,butiftheiPadbecomessuccessfulpublishers’mayturntoAppletoselltheire-books.

Publishersseemmoreinterestedinprotectingthevalueoftheirhardcoverbooksthancompetinginadigitalformat.WillhighereBookpricesconvinceyoutopurchaseaphysicalcopyofyournextnovel,orwillyouacceptamodestpriceincreasegiventhate-booksaretypicallycheaper?

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans（）.

3.WhataccountedforAmazon'sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

问题1选项

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.

B.Amazonwonthedispute.

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.

问题2选项

A.tomakeupone'smindtotrysomething

B.toindicateyourdisagreement

C.tothreatentofightback

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeated

问题3选项

A.Amazonscowardice.

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.

问题4选项

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.WhatcanbesaidofthepricingdisputebetweenAmazonandMacmillan?1.关于亚马逊和麦克米伦之间的价格纠纷，我们能说些什么呢？

A.Macmillanwonthedispute.A.麦克米伦赢得了这场纠纷。

B.Amazonwonthedispute.B.亚马逊赢得了这场纠纷。

C.Neitherofthemwonthedispute.C.两者都没有赢得这场纠纷。

D.Customersenjoyedthedispute.D.顾客们喜欢这种纠纷。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词pricingdispute定位至第二段最后两句“作为对价格争端的回应，亚马逊上周短暂地从其商店下架了麦克米伦的所有书籍。然而，抵制活动只持续了几天，亚马逊就屈从于麦克米伦的要求（theboycottlastedonlyafewdaysbeforeAmazongaveintoMacmillan’sdemands）。”，从中可知，关于亚马逊和麦克米伦之间的价格纠纷，亚马逊抵制了几天后还是屈从了麦克米伦的要求，所以推断，麦克米伦赢得了这场价格纠纷。A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“亚马逊赢得了这场纠纷”和C项“两者都没有赢得这场纠纷”根据解题思路可知，该两项曲解原文；

D项“顾客们喜欢这种纠纷”没有提到，属于无中生有。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.“Tothrowinthetowel”inthelastbutoneparagraphmeans______.2.倒数第二段中“Tothrowinthetowel”的意思是______。

A.tomakeupone’smindtotrysomethingA.下定决心做某事

B.toindicateyourdisagreementB.表示你的不同意

C.tothreatentofightbackC.威胁要反击

D.toadmitthatyouhavebeendefeatedD.承认你被打败了

【考查点】词义推测题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至倒数第二段第一句“亚马逊决定tothrowinthetowel可能与麦克米伦最近同意在苹果的iBookstore销售图书有关”，由上文可知，亚马逊对麦克米伦公司的要求作出了让步，所以推测tothrowinthetowel在这里的意思是“承认让步，认输”。故该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“下定决心做某事”、B项“表示你的不同意”和C项“威胁要反击”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhataccountedforAmazon’sfailuretocontinueitsboycottaccordingtoitsstatement?3.根据亚马逊的声明，是什么原因导致其未能继续抵制？

A.Amazon’scowardice.A.亚马逊的懦弱。

B.Macmillan’sarrogance.B.麦克米伦的傲慢。

C.Amazon’sgenerosity.C.亚马逊的慷慨。

D.Macmillan’smonopoly.D.麦克米伦的垄断。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“我们将不得不屈服并接受麦克米伦的条件，因为麦克米伦垄断了他们自己的图书……”，从中可知，亚马逊未能继续抵制是因为麦克米伦的垄断，D项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“亚马逊的懦弱”，从文中亚马逊的抵制来看，亚马逊并不懦弱，该项属于反向干扰；

B项“麦克米伦的傲慢”和C项“亚马逊的慷慨”在文中没有提到，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪一项是正确的？

A.Macmillanpreferredtoselltraditionalbooksratherthane-books.A.麦克米伦更喜欢销售传统书籍而不是电子书。

B.ApplemademoreprofitthanAmazoninsellinge-books.B.苹果在销售电子书方面的利润超过了亚马逊。

C.Macmillanintendedtoincreaseitse-bookmarket.C.麦克米伦打算扩大电子书市场。

D.Amazonwasreadytoselle-booksatlowerprices.D.亚马逊愿意以更低的价格出售电子书。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“……即使我们认为电子书的价格高得没有必要，我们也会提供给你们”，从中可推断，亚马逊愿意以低价出售电子书给顾客，所以D项“亚马逊愿意以更低的价格出售电子书”是正确的。

【干扰项排除】

A项“麦克米伦更喜欢销售传统书籍而不是电子书”，从文章倒数第二段提到“麦克米伦最近同意在苹果的iBookstore销售图书”可以看出，麦克米伦倾向于电子书销售，该项反向干扰；

B项“苹果在销售电子书方面的利润超过了亚马逊”，文中没有提到亚马逊和苹果销售电子书方面的利润的比较，该项属于无中生有；

C项“麦克米伦打算扩大电子书市场”也没有提到，属于无中生有。

2.单选题

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

问题1选项

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。B选项是动名词的被动形式，“beingdone”，C选项是动名词的完成形式“havingdone”，D选项是动名词的完成+被动形式“havingbeendone”，句意：乔度假回来，醒来后精神抖擞。所以本题的正确答案应该是A选项。

3.单选题

Thesystemwasoriginallydeployedtopreciselylocatethepositionsofsoldiers,weapons,andtargetsby（

）geodeticlatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.

问题1选项

A.pinpointing

B.pointing

C.putting

D.recognizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。pinpoint意为“确定，准确地指出”；point意为“指出”；put意为“放”；recognize意为“认出”。

句意：该系统最初是通过找出大地纬度和经度坐标来精确定位士兵、武器和目标的位置。

4.单选题

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward’languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsarebyourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”).ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

1.Everygroupofhumanbeingshas（

）.

2.“Backward”languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin

（

）.

3.Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Theauthor’sattitudeshowninthispassagetoward“backward”languagesis（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflife

B.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguage

C.itsownelegantmusic,literature,andotherarts

D.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals

问题2选项

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

问题3选项

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

问题4选项

A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.

B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.

C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.

D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.

问题5选项

A.restrained

B.subjective

C.objective

D.resolute

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“每个群体都有……”。文章第一段第一句提到“文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和”（Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings），由此可知每个群体都有自己的思想、信仰和生活方式，选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“落后群体的语言在哪方面落后于西方语言”。文章第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers），由此可知选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“无论是开化的还是未开化的语言，都有自己的……”。文章第二段第四句话提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，这些通常能满足所有语言要求”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds），由此可知，无论是何种语言，都能满足交流要求，选项B符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项隐含在文章内容中”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages），由此可知，人类学与文化之间是有一定联系的，因此选项A,B,D都可以排除，选项C符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对‘落后’语言的观点是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“对于专业的人类学家来说，一种文化并不比另一种文化具有内在优越性，正如同对于专业的语言学家而言，语言之间也没有内在的层次之分”（Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages）；第二段第四句提到“它们与西方语言的区别不在于发音模式或者语法结构，而在于它们的词汇”（TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers），所以作者对它的态度是客观的，选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

Heshowednosignsofpain（

）tohisdeath.

问题1选项

A.before

B.preceding

C.prior

D.following

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。priorto“在……之前”。句意：他临死前没有表现出任何痛苦的迹象。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Failureisprobablythemostfatiguingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceeding,beingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.

Weexperiencethistirednessintwomainways,asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwepostponeit,themoretiredwefeel.

Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evennotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones,Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.Topreventstart-upfatigue,alwaystreatthemostdifficultjobfirst.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan'tseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappeartobeinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan,thenlettheunconscioustakeover.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledanevilcircle?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whenkeepingputtingoffatask,wecanexperience（）.

3.Toovercomestart-upfatigue,weneed（）.

4.Theword“insurmountable”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.Success-zeal-success-zeal

B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness

C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness

D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion

问题2选项

A.tiredness

B.performancefatigue

C.start-upfatigue

D.unconsciousness

问题3选项

A.toughness

B.prevention

C.muscles

D.strongwillpower

问题4选项

A.thatcannotbesolved

B.thatcannotbeunderstood

C.thatcannotbeimagined

D.thatcannotbeobjected

问题5选项

A.Itiseasiertoovercomestart-upfatigue

B.Performancefatigueoccurswhenthejobwearewillingtotakegetsblocked

C.Onewillfinallysucceedafterexperiencingtheevilcircle

D.Fatigueoftenaccompaniesfatigue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段Thereisnothingmoreexhaustingthannotsucceedingbeingblocked,notmovingahead.Itisanevilcircle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andfatiguemakesithardertogettowork,whichaddstothefatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫，而疲惫会使你更难工作，进而导致疲惫加重，于是进入恶性循环，受阻不前，影响进度。因此，B项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskthatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistootediousorbecauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.可知，我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务，这种情况就是start-upfatigue。因此，C项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnoteasytoapply:willpowerexercise.可知，解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此，本题选择D项正确。

4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的，难以解决超越的。A选项“不能被解决”，B选项“不能被理解的”，C选项“不能被想象的”，D选项“不能被否决的”。因此，A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知可以通过锻炼意志力来克服start-upfatigue可知A项正确。B选项可通过原文Herewearewillingtogetstarted,butwecan’tseemtodothejobright.推断得出。C选项在原文中没有明确说明，过于绝对。根据原文最后一段Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-increasingburdenofmentalfatigue.可知D选项正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。

7.单选题

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（）.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项layout“展示，安排”，B项layoff“解雇，休息”，C项laydown“放下，制定”，D项layaside“搁置，储蓄”。根据句子关键词workers（工人）和employees（雇员）可猜测，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四个选项中只有B项符合。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin（

）totheirsuccess.

问题1选项

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这导致唱片公司把音乐家当成签约艺术家，他们无法获得固定的工资，但是当他们成功后可以获得一定比例的版税。inproportionto“与某事物成比例”，因此选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Conradproduced13novels,2volumesofmemoirs,and28shortstories.Hislifeatsea（

）thebackgroundformuchofhiswriting.

问题1选项

A.rendered

B.furnished

C.conceded

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项render“致使；提出”；B选项furnish“提供；供应；装备”；C选项concede“让步；承认”；D选项ascribe“归因于；归咎于”。句意：康拉德创作了13部小说、2卷回忆录和28篇短篇小说。他在海上的生活……他大部分写作的背景。联系句意可知B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication（

）.

问题1选项

A.tragedy

B.vacuum

C.question

D.barrier

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。

句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。

11.单选题

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

问题1选项

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项spur“鞭策，刺激”；B选项further“促进，助长”；C选项induce“诱导”；D选项reinforce“加强，巩固”。根据句意：追求享乐对于雇员而言肯定不能促进他们晋升。选项B更符合语境。

12.单选题

Theyweremorethangladtoleavetheircarsparkedandwalked（

）forachange.

问题1选项

A.as

B.for

C.to

D.by

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们更乐意去把车停放在某个地方，然后改为走路。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallengedbutdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentonthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyonthebasisofteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessors:oneisthetimeneededtokeepupwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearchbuttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreat.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

1.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

2.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause（

）.

3.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,whichofthefollowingwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

4.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhofirstandforemostdo（

）.

5.Thephrase"theproblem”(Line3,Para.5)refersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

B.Teachingandresearcharecontradictory.

C.Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D.Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

问题2选项

A.researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B.studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C.professorswithachievementsinresearchareusuallyresponsibleandtough

D.itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

问题3选项

A.Distinguishedprofessorsatresearchuniversitiesshouldconcentrateonresearchonly.

B.Itisofutmostimportancetoimproveteachinginelementaryschoolsinordertotrainnewscientists.

C.Theseparationofteachingfromresearchcanlowerthequalityoffuturescientists.

D.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernsciencemakesitimpossibletocombineteachingwithresearch.

问题4选项

A.scientificresearch

B.teaching

C.fieldwork

D.investigation

问题5选项

A.raisingthestatusofteaching

B.theseparationofteachingfromresearch

C.thecombinationofteachingwithresearch

D.improvingthestatusofresearch

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读第一段“Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeepermoreimportantrelationships.最近在报纸和杂志上的报道表明，教学和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在学术推广中扮演的角色过于突出，而对教学的重视严重不足。这些说法有一定的真实性，但它们也忽略了更深层次更重要的关系。”可知作者认为教学与研究的更深层次的关系被忽略了。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallyforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.大多数研究型大学奖励杰出的教学，但通常对研究成果给予最大认可。部分原因是很难对教学进行评判。”可知大学重视研究的部分原因是很难客观评判教学。故D项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第四段“Althoughscientistsareusually‘made’intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe‘lost’bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.尽管科学家通常是在小学‘培养’出来的，但科学家也可能因为大学和研究生阶段糟糕的教学而‘流失’。”可知B项“为了培养新的科学家，改善小学的教学是最重要的”错误。A项“研究型大学的杰出教授应该只专注于研究”only表达过于绝对，故A项错误。D项“现代科学的迅速发展使教学与研究不能结合起来。”错误。故C项“教学与科研分离会降低未来科学家的素质”符合文章内容。

4.细节事实题。由第四段“Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofessanditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorsunwillingtoteachcanbecalled‘distinguishedresearchinvestigators’orsomethingelse.教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人，也许大学是时候把它保留给那些愿意成为学者群体中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为‘杰出的研究人员’或别的什么。”可知教授的头衔应该留给愿意教学的人。故B项正确。

5.词义题。由最后一句“Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystem,butthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.那些说我们可以把教学和科研分开的人根本不了解这个制度，但那些说这个问题会消失的人没有尽到自己的责任。”可知“这个问题”指教学和科研分开，故B项正确。

14.单选题

Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature.Inordertoprovethattheory,ecologistshaveturnedtohistoricaldatainrelationtoespeciallyhugevolcaniceruptions.Theysuspectthatvolcanoesaffectweatherchangesthataresimilartoairpollution.

OnesourceofinformationistheeffectoftheeruptionofTambora,avolcanoinSumbawa,theDutchEastIndies,inApril1815.Thelargestrecordedvolcaniceruption,Tamborathrew150milliontonsoffineashintothestratosphere.Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.Forexample,recordsofweatherinEnglandshowthatbetweenAprilandNovember1815,theaveragetemperaturehadfallen4,5F.Duringthenexttwentyfourmonths,Englandsufferedoneofthecoldestperiodsofitshistory.Farmer’srecordsfromApril1815toDecember1818indicatefrostthroughoutthespringandsummerandsharpdecreasesincropandlivestockmarkets.Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect,bythetimetheworldagriculturalcommoditycommunityhaddeteriorated,noonerealizedthecause.

Ecologiststodaywarnthatwefaceatwo-foldmenace.Theever-presentpossibilityofvolcaniceruptions,suchasthatofMr.St.HelensinWashington,addedtoman’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.

41.Itisbelievedthattheearthgetscolderwhen______.

42.TheeffectsofTambora’seruptionwere______.

43.ThecauseofcoldweatherinEnglandfrom1815to1818was______.

44.Noonerealizedthecauseofthedeteriorationoftheworldagriculturalcommoditymarketbecause______.

45.If,assomescientistspredict,theworldendsinice,whatmightbethecause?

问题1选项

A.volcanoeserupt

B.theairispollutedbymodernman

C.theraysofthesunareturnedintospace

D.alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.feltmainlyintheDutchEastIndies

B.ofseveraldays’durationworldwide

C.evidenceofpollution’scoolingtheearth

D.immediatelyevidenttotheworld’sscientists

问题3选项

A.decreasedcropandlivestockproduction

B.volcanicashintheatmosphere

C.pollutioncausedbytheIndustrialRevolution

D.itsproximitytotheNorthSea

问题4选项

A.therewasalongdelaybetweencauseandeffect

B.theweatherisbeyondourcomprehension

C.weatherforecastswereinaccurate

D.ecologistsdidn’texistuntilmoderntimes

问题5选项

A.Modernman’spollutionoftheair.

B.Volcaniceruptions.

C.Obliterationofsolarradiation.

D.Alloftheabove.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“人们相信在……地球会变得更冷”。根据文章第一段首句Scientistsclaimthatairpollutioncausesadeclineintheworld’saverageairtemperature（科学家声称，空气污染导致世界平均气温下降）和最后一句Theysuspectthatvolcanoesaffectweatherchangesthataresimilartoairpollution.（科学家们怀疑火山对天气变化的影响类似于空气污染）可知，volcanoeserupt是改变天气的一个原因；第二段第四行提到Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（其作用是将入射的太阳辐射送入太空，从而使地球降温）可知，太阳辐射送入太空可以降低地球温度；第三段最后一句提到man’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.（人们使用石油、天然气、煤炭和其他污染物质对大气的污染，可能会给我们带来越来越寒冷的天气）可知，空气污染也是天气变冷的一个原因；因此A项“火山爆发”，B项“现代人造成的空气污染”，C项“把太阳辐射送入太空”均正确，故该题选D项“以上都是”。

42.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“坦博拉火山爆发的影响是……”。根据第二段的第三句Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中）和第二段最后一句Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect,bythetimetheworldagriculturalcommoditycommunityhaddeteriorated,noonerealizedthecause.（由于原因与后果之间的长达数年的时差，所以当人们遭遇后果时候，往往不能认识到导致其的真正原因）可知A项“荷属东印度群岛才会感觉到这一影响”，B项“在世界范围内持续数天”，D项“立刻成为全世界科学家所关注的证据”都不符合。故该题C项“污染正在冷却地球的证据”正确。

43.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“1815到1818年英国冷天气的原因是由于……”。根据第二段的第三句Theashfromavolcanospreadsworldwideinafewdaysandremainsintheairforyears.Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（坦博拉火山爆发喷出的火山灰在数天里扩散到了全球且这些火山灰长达数年地保留在空气中;火山灰让太阳辐射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）可知B项“大气中的火山灰”正确，A项“农作物和牲畜产量下降”是后果，不是原因；C项“工业革命造成的污染”和D项“靠近北海”在文中没有提及，因此B正确。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“没有人认识到世界农产品市场恶化的原因是因为……”。根据第二段最后一句Sincetherewasatimelagofseveralyearsbetweencauseandeffect（由于因果之间有几年的时间差）可知A项“因果之间有一段长时间间隔”正确，B项“天气变化超出了人类理解力范围”，C项“天气预报不准确”，D项“到现代才出现生态学家”在文中没有提及，因此该题选A。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“如果像一些科学家预测的那样，世界将在冰中终结，原因可能是什么?”。根据文中第二段中的第四句Itseffectistoturnincomingsolarradiationintospaceandthuscooltheearth.（火山灰让太阳福射转入太空，进而让地球温度下降）及最后一段的第二句Theever-presentpossibilityofvolcaniceruptions,suchasthatofMr.St.HelensinWashington,addedtoman’spollutionoftheatmospherewithoil,gas,coal,andotherpollutingsubstances,maybringusincreasinglycolderweather.（如华盛顿的St.Helens先生说的那样，火山爆发的可能性的始终存在和人类消耗石油、天然气、煤和其它污染物而带来的大气污染有可能为人类带来不断变冷的气候）可知A项“现代人类对空气的污染”，B项“火山爆发”，C项“太阳辐射的消失”均符合，因此该题选D项“以上都是”。

15.单选题

People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.Some__51__themasmiraculous;othersthinkofthemasdangerous.Thenwhatisthesensibleattitudetowarddrugs?

Ithinkthefirstthingtothinkaboutisthedifferen