考研考博-英语-信阳航空职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-信阳航空职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginNewYorktwodecadesago,wefeltvery（1）.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe（2）thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto（3）.

Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor（4）use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis（5）indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofar20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials（6）tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem（7）forpeopleandtheplanet.

Homebuilderscannowusematerials—suchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly（8）amountsoforganiccompounds—thatdon’t（9）thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimately,（10）,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad”butoncreating（11）healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil（12）reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof（13）,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalreadydevelopedacarpetthatisfullyandsafely（14）.

Lookatitthisway:Noone（15）outtocreateabuildingthatdestroystheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsare（16）causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So（17）ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare（18）apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea（19）effectontheworld.It’snotjustthebuildingindustry,either.（20）citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicagowantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.

问题1选项

A.alone

B.lonely

C.abandoned

D.isolated

问题2选项

A.practice

B.idea

C.outlook

D.scheme

问题3选项

A.go

B.arrive

C.come

D.continue

问题4选项

A.indoor

B.indoors

C.inward

D.inwards

问题5选项

A.displayed

B.exhibited

C.discovered

D.revealed

问题6选项

A.back

B.next

C.down

D.near

问题7选项

A.comfortable

B.safe

C.cautious

D.stable

问题8选项

A.reduced

B.descended

C.revised

D.delayed

问题9选项

A.deny

B.dissolve

C.depress

D.destroy

问题10选项

A.besides

B.anyhow

C.however

D.anyway

问题11选项

A.partially

B.completely

C.exactly

D.superficially

问题12选项

A.or

B.but

C.and

D.nor

问题13选项

A.interest

B.principle

C.fact

D.course

问题14选项

A.reprocessed

B.researched

C.reused

D.recyclable

问题15选项

A.starts

B.looks

C.pulls

D.makes

问题16选项

A.basically

B.traditionally

C.originally

D.inevitably

问题17选项

A.because

B.instead

C.out

D.regardless

问题18选项

A.adjusting

B.adopting

C.admitting

D.adapting

问题19选项

A.functional

B.precious

C.beneficial

D.sensible

问题20选项

A.Entire

B.Full

C.Total

D.Complete

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:B

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】1.考查近义词辨析。A选项alone“孤独的，单干的”；B选项lonely“寂寞的，偏僻的”；C选项abandoned“被抛弃的”；D选项isolated“偏远的，”。根据上下文：20年前，我们在纽约设计了美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼，我们感觉。但是现在，成千上万的人加入到绿色建筑会议…..。选项A符合语境。

2.考查名词辨析。A选项practice“实践，练习”；B选项idea“想法，思想”；C选项outlook“展望，前景”；D选项scheme“计划，诡计”。分析句子结构可知，that在这里引导的是同位语从句做填空处所填词的同位语，由此可知，填空处填入的应该是抽象名词，选项B符合要求。

3.考查固定搭配。yearstocome意为“在接下来的几年时间里”。选项C正确。

4.考查固定搭配。indoor意为“室内的”；inward意为“向内的，内部的”。indooruse是固定用法，意为“室内使用”，所以选项A正确。

5.考查近义词辨析。A选项display“显示，陈列”；B选项exhibit“展览，显示”；C选项discover“发现”；D选项reveal“揭露，暴露”。根据句意：20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的“节能”密封商业建筑，由于油漆、墙面涂料和地毯等材料造成的室内空气质量问题。选项D揭露问题更恰当。

6.考查动词辨析。A选项backto“回到”；B选项nextto“紧挨着，旁边”；C选项downto“直到，下至”；D选项nearto“靠近，接近”。根据句意可知，这里指我们所关注的上至材料下至分子，所以选项C正确。

7.考查形容词辨析。A选项comfortable“舒适的”；B选项safe“安全的”；C选项cautious“谨慎的”；D选项stable“稳定的”。根据原文可知，涉及到室内空气质量问题，当然是确保材料是安全可靠的，所以选项B正确。

8.考查形容词辨析。A选项reduced“减少的”；B选项descended“下降的”；C选项revised“改进的”；D选项delayed“延时的”。根据句意可知，这里是指涂漆所释放的有机化合物的数量明显减少了，选项A正确。

9.考查副词辨析。A选项deny“否定，拒绝”；B选项dissolve“溶解”；C选项depress“压抑，使沮丧”；D选项destroy“破坏，毁坏”。根据原文可知，现在的房屋建筑商所用的材料——比如释放有机化合物数量明显减少的涂漆——这些材料不会空气、水或土壤的质量。选项D符合语境。

10.考查逻辑连接词。A选项besides“除了…，此外”；B选项anyhow“总之，无论如何”；C选项however“不管怎样，然而”；D选项anyway“无论如何”。上文提及新的材料不会破坏空气等的质量，下一句说到我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是关注于“不那么糟糕”，前后形成了转折关系，所以选项C符合原文语境。

11.考查副词辨析。A选项partially“部分地”；B选项completely“完全地”；C选项exactly“恰好，正是”；D选项superficially“表面地”。句意：然而最终我们的基本设计策略不仅仅是关注于“不那么糟糕”，而是创造出完全安全的材料。选项B符合句意。

12.考查固定搭配。根据前面的either可知，这里应该填入连词or，意为“要么…要么…”。原文句意：要么安全地返回到土壤，要么被工业重复利用。选项A正确。

13.考查固定搭配。Asamatteroffact意为“事实上”。所以选项C正确。

14.考查形容词辨析。A选项reprocessed“再加工的”；B选项researched“研究调查过的”；C选项reused“再生的”；D选项recyclable“可再循环的”。上文提到完全健康的材料要么安全地返回到土壤，要么被工业重复利用，也就是说这种材料是可以回收再循环利用的，所以选项D符合原文。

15.考查固定搭配。startoutto意为“开始，计划”。所以选项A正确。

16.考查副词辨析。A选项basically“主要地，基本上”；B选项traditionally“传统上，习惯上”；C选项originally“最初，起初”；D选项inevitably“必可避免地，必然地”。根据but可知前后构成转折，这里应该是说现在的工业体系不可避免地导致了这些情况。选项D符合语境。

17.考查上下文语义。根据句意：因此，我们简单地试图减少损失，而是采取积极的方式。所以应该用insteadof“不是…而是….”符合语境，选项B正确。

18.考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“调整”；B选项adopt“采取”；C选项admit“承认”；D选项adapt“适应”。根据句意可知，这里是采取积极的措施，选项B正确。

19.考查形容词辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项precious“珍贵的”；C选项beneficial“有益的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。根据前面的句意可知，我们提供给人们的是高质量、健康的产品，那这里所做出的选择当然是对社会产生有益的影响，所以选项C正确。

20.考查语法结构。A选项Entire“全部的，整个的”，强调没有失去、减少或损坏的事物；B选项Full“完整的”，强调内容充实；C选项Total“总的，彻底的”，强调总量；D选项Complete“完整的，完全的”，强调完整性。这里是指整个城市，选项A最为恰当。

2.单选题

Perhapsallcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.Itwillneverdo,thesedays,togoaroundreferringtocriminalsasviolentthugs.Youmustrefertothempolitelyas“socialmisfits”.Theprofessionalkillerwhowouldn’tthinktwiceaboutusinghiscluborknifetobattersomeharmlessoldladytodeathinordertorobherofhermeagerlife-savingsmustneverbegivenadoseofhisownmedicine.Heisinneedof“hospitaltreatment”.Accordingtohismisguideddefenders,societyistoblame.Awickedsocietybreedsevil-orsotheargumentgoes.Whenyoulistentothiskindoftalk,itmakesyouwonderwhyaren’tallcriminals.Wehavedoneawaywiththeabsurdlyharshlawsofthenineteenthcenturyandthisisonlyright.Butsurelyenoughisenough.ThemostsenselesspieceofcriminallegislationinBritainandanumberofothercountrieshasbeenthesuspensionofcapitalpunishment.

Theviolentcriminalhasbecomeakindofhero-figureinourtime.Heisglorifiedonthescreen;heispursuedbythepressandpaidvastsumsofmoneyforhis“memoirs”.Newspaperswhichspecializeincrimereportingenjoyenormouscirculationsandthepublishersoftrashycopsandrobbersstoriesor“murdermysteries”haveneverhaditsogood.Whenyoureadabouttheachievementsofthegreattrainrobbery,itmakesyouwonderwhetheryouarereadingaboutsomegloriousresistancemovement.Thehardenedcriminaliscuddledandcossetedbythesociologistsontheonehandandadoredasaherobythemassesontheother.It’snowonderheisaprivilegedpersonwhoexpectsandreceivesVIPtreatmentwhereverhegoes.

Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent.Itmadetheviolentrobberthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.Itgavethecold-bloodedprisonersomethingtoponderaboutwhilehewasshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.Itpreventedunarmedpolicemenfrombeingkilledwhilepursuingtheirdutybykillersarmedwithautomaticweapons.Aboveall,itprotectedthemostvulnerablemembersofsociety,youngchildren,frombrutalviolence.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatthecriminalcanliterallygetawaywithmurder.Weallknowthat“lifesentence”doesnotmeanwhatitsays.Aftertenyearsorsoofgoodconduct,themostdesperatevillainisfreetoreturntosocietywherehewillliveverycomfortably,thankyou,ontheproceedsofhiscrime,orhewillgooncommittingoffencesuntilheiscaughtagain.

Peoplearealwayswillingtoholdliberalviewsattheexpenseofothers.It’salwaysfashionabletoposeasthedefenderoftheunder-dog,solongasyou,personally,remainunaffected.Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheirdesireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sopinion?

2.Thetonetakenbytheauthortowardsthesedefendersofcrimeinthepassageis（

）.

3.“Capitalpunishment”mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Allcriminalsshouldberequiredtocarrycardswhichread:Fragile:HandlewithCare.

B.Capitalpunishmentistheonlywaytodetercriminals.

C.Societyistoblame.

D.Allcriminalsneedhospitaltreatment.

问题2选项

A.ironical.

B.critical.

C.agitated.

D.controversial.

问题3选项

A.lifesentence.

B.severepunishment

C.fine.

D.sentenceofdeath

问题4选项

A.Therehasbeenamarkedtrendinsocietytowardsthehumanetreatmentoflessfortunatemembers.

B.Everybodyinsocietythinksitreasonablethatallcriminalsshouldbepunished.

C.Theauthorsympathizeswithallcriminals.

D.Robbersusuallythinktwicebeforeshooting.

问题5选项

A.Professionalkillersshouldnotbetreatedwithhumanetreatment.

B.Theviolentrobbersshouldthinktwicebeforepullingthetrigger.

C.Weshouldgivetheprisonertimetoponderaboutwhileheisshakinguporservinghisarseniccocktail.

D.Severepunishment,evendeathpenalty,shouldbegiventocriminals.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。第三段指出:Capitalpunishmentusedtobeamajordeterrent(死刑是主要的威慑力量),故选B。

2.态度方向。根据题干关键词定位至最后:Didthedefendersofcrime,onewonders,intheir

desireforfair-play,consultthevictimsbeforetheysuspendedcapitalpunishment?Hardly,youseetheycouldn’t,becauseallthevictimsweredead(罪犯的辩护人认为要公平，那是不是在执行死刑前要咨询受害者意见呢？显然这是不可能的，因为所有的受害者都死了)。据此可见作者的预期是具讽刺意味的。

3.词义题。“Capitalpunishment”指的是“判死刑”。

4.细节题。B项：大家都认为所有罪犯都应受到惩罚。文章中并未提到，故排除。C项：作者同情犯罪分子。作者对犯罪分子的态度是否定的，故排除。D项：职业杀手会三思而后行,与文章内容不符。

5.推断题。根据全文大意,可知D项(对犯罪分子要从重处罚，甚至死刑)正确。

3.不定项选择题

Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyears,educationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstextwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.

Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessoffailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’:youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?

Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.

Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:‘Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIareateenagemillionaire.’

1.Themainideaofthispassageis______.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardexaminationsis______.

3.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby______.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis______.

5.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?

问题1选项

A.examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducation

B.examinationsareineffective

C.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutions

D.examinationsareaburdenonstudents

问题2选项

A.detest

B.approval

C.critical

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.education

B.institutions

C.examinations

D.studentsthemselves

问题4选项

A.toencouragestudentstoreadwidely

B.totrainstudentstothinkontheirown

C.toteachstudentshowtotackleexams

D.tomasterhisfate

问题5选项

A.Giveanexample.

B.Forcomparison.

C.Itshowsthatteachers’evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.

D.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffective.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Themainideaofthispassageis______.1.这篇文章的主要观点是______。

A.examinationsexertaperniciousinfluenceoneducationA.考试对教育有不良影响

B.examinationsareineffectiveB.考试是无效的

C.examinationsareprofitableforinstitutionsC.考试对机构是有益的

D.examinationsareaburdenonstudentsD.考试对学生来说是一种负担

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段最后一句点明“考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平”，然后第二段第一句“作为焦虑制造者，考试是首屈一指的”，和第三段第四句指出“考试不但没有促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习”，接着最后一段首句指出“许多因素所依赖的考试结果只不过是某个匿名考官的主观评估”，综合理解可知，考试对于学生来说不是一件好事情，也不是检验学生真正的能力和水平的工具，甚至反而会制造焦虑，限制学生独立思考，也就是说考试对教育具有有害的影响，A项“考试对教育有不良影响”概括了本文的主要观点，故该题选择A项符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B项“考试是无效的”、D项“考试对学生来说是一种负担”是进行考试的后果的其中一方面，这两项属于以偏概全；

C项“考试对机构是有益的”也是考试的一方面，该项属于以偏概全。

2.【选项释义】

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardexaminationsis______.2.作者对考试的态度是______。

A.detestA.厌恶

B.approvalB.称许的

C.criticalC.批判的

D.indifferentD.漠不关心的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法不能测出人的能力和水平，第二段点明考试作为成功与失败的标志，成为了一个焦虑制造者，第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教育者，他们是在胁迫下获得最佳考试技巧者，而好的教育应能培养人的独立思考，然后第四段最后一句“我过去是一个是十来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出，考试指挥下的教育的失败，这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度；所以C项“批判的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“厌恶”、D项“漠不关心的”根据解题思路可知，这两项都不能准确表达作者对考试的态度，属于曲解原文；

B项“称许的”与作者对考试的态度相反，该项属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

3.Thefateofstudentsisdecidedby______.3.学生的命运是由______决定。

A.educationA.教育

B.institutionsB.机构

C.examinationsC.考试

D.studentsthemselvesD.他们自己

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第三、四内容“他们（考试）是我们社会中成功与失败的标志。你的整个未来可能在一个决定性的日子里被决定（Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday）。”理解可知，学生的命运是由考试决定的，该题选择C项“考试”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“教育”、B项“机构”和D项“他们自己”没有提到，这三项属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantofagoodeducationis______.4.根据作者的观点，良好的教育最重要的是______。

A.toencouragestudentstoreadwidelyA.鼓励学生广泛阅读

B.totrainstudentstothinkontheirownB.培养学生独立思考的能力

C.toteachstudentshowtotackleexamsC.教学生如何应付考试

D.tomasterhisfateD.掌握自己的命运

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“良好的教育，除其他外，应该训练你独立思考”可知，良好的教育应该培养学生独立思考的能力，B项“培养学生独立思考的能力”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“鼓励学生广泛阅读”属于良好教育的其中一方面，该项属于以偏概全；

C项“教学生如何应付考试”是考试的负面影响，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；

D项“掌握自己的命运”没有提到，该项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

5.Whydoestheauthormentioncourt?5.为什么作者提到法院？

A.Giveanexample.A.举例。

B.Forcomparison.B.为了比较。

C.Itshowsthatteachers’evolutionsdependontheresultsofexaminations.C.表明教师的进化依赖于考试的结果。

D.Itshowstheresultsofcourtismoreeffective.D.表明法院的判决结果更为有效。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段第七句“在法官的裁决之后，你有上诉的权利，但在阅卷人给分后，学生却没有上诉权”，可知，作者在这里对比了法院和考试的区别，法院有上诉权，但考试没有；然后倒数第三句谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有利，未免太自私了”，综合理解可推断，作者提到法院就是为了与考试进行对比，B项“为了比较”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A项“举例”根据解题思路可知，该项表述不准确，属于曲解原文；

C项“表明教师的进化依赖于考试的结果”是第三段的内容，与题干无关，该项属于出处错位；

D项“表明法院的判决结果更为有效”，作者在文章末段提到法院是为了对比考试的不公平，并不是表明法院的判决更有效，该项属于本末倒置。

4.翻译题

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.对一个董事来说，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要将他在参与公司经营期间积累了一定价值的股份变现。

2.虽然乍一看，这项立法似乎阻碍了原本可能简单的程序，但它实际上是为了在促进购买的同时保护债权人（就公司法而言）的权利。

3.通常情况下，一个公司不能购买自己的股份，因为这样做是获得自己的所有权，这违反了关于公司的性质和存在的最基本的法律原则。

4.从本质上来说，只要一家公司的组织大纲和章程允许它这样做，任何公司现在都可以收购自己的股份（前提是至少还有一股剩下）。

5.尽管这种购买通常必须用新发行的股票和（或）可分配利润的收益进行，但对私营公司来说，也存在可以用资本购买的重要规定。

5.单选题

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

问题1选项

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配burstinto“突然进入……”，选项A和B可排除，into后接一个名词，theopen作名词形式。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

PoliceandlandlordsinWincantonandCasteCaryhaveunitedtosendaveryclearmessagethatdrugswillnotbe（）inthetowns,aftertracesofClassAsubstanceswerediscoveredonpubpremises.

问题1选项

A.transported

B.tightened

C.tolerated

D.threatened

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。transported运输的；tightened变紧的；tolerated可接纳的；threatened受到威胁的。句意：在酒吧场所发现a类物质的踪迹后，Wincanton和CasteCary的警察和酒吧老板联合发出了一个非常明确的信息，即镇上将不再容许毒品。C项符合句意。

7.写作题

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

8.翻译题

中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。

【答案】Chinaisoneofthebirthplacesoftheworldcivilizationwhichhasa5,000-yearhistory.TherearemanyoutstandingideologistsinChineseancientthoughthistorythatleftarichideologicalheritageforourChinaandeventhewholemankind.Theideologicalachievementswereveryuniqueandconstantlyexplainedanddevelopedinthelonghistory.Today,someofthesethoughtsarestilllivelyandfullofvitalityfortoday’sChinaandthewholeworld.Forexample,theidealof“benevolence”andthe“harmony”thoughtofConfuciuswhoistheoriginatorofConfucianschoolhavebeenpraisedhighlybyChinaandotherAsiancountriesatpresent.

9.单选题

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,（

）herefortwodays.

问题1选项

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意：在他到北京来的时候，我们将已经来了两天了。bythetime“在……时候”，这里引导的是时间状语，应当遵循主将从现的原则。而从句在这里是一般现在时，所以主句要用一般将来时，所以答案选B。

10.单选题

Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasvery（）.

问题1选项

A.intelligible

B.obscure

C.dim

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：很少有人能理解他的演说，内容太

。

intelligible可理解的，明白易懂的；obscure晦涩的，昏暗的；dim暗淡的，模糊的；conspicuous显著的，出众的。句子前半句说“很少有人能理解他的演说”，由此推断，B项符合句意。

11.单选题

AsIhavementioned,animportantsourceofhumanstressisthe（

）betweenthedemandsoftheindividualandthoseofhissociety.

问题1选项

A.splash

B.smash

C.crash

D.clash

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。splash“溅泼声，溅泼”；smash“破碎”；C项“crash撞击（声），破裂（声）；撞车，（车辆等）碰撞”；dash“猛冲”。句意：正如我所提到的，人类压力的一个重要来源便是个人与所处社会需求之间的冲突。选项D符合题意。

12.翻译题

WehavenoideaifonlineadsworkInthesummerof2003,ViacomexecutiveMelKarmazinmanagedtosumupoldmedia’shorroroftheInternetwithoneofbusinesslore’sgreatestvulgaron-liners.Karmazin,aswaggeringformeradsalesmanandonetimeCBSCorporationpresident,hadmadeanexpeditiontocheckoutSiliconValley'shottestyoungupstart:Google.Sittinginthefuturesearchgiant’soffices,helistenedindismayasitsfounders,LarryPageandSergeyBrin,anditsCEO,EricSchmidt,detailedthemanywaystheircompanycouldtrackandanalyzetheeffectivenessofonlineadvertising.Thiscouldnotpossiblybegoodforbusiness,Karmazinthought,1.Ithadalwaysbeennearlyimpossibleformarketerstotellwhichoftheiradsworkedandwhichdidn’tandthelesstheyknew,themoreanetworklikeCBScouldchargefora30-secondspot.Artwasfarmoreprofitablethanscience.

Adecadelater,someonefinallyseemstobe,well,messingwithGoogle'sownbagoftricks.Lastyear,agroupofeconomistsworkingwitheBay’sinternalresearchlabissuedamassiveexperimentalstudywithasimplestartlingconclusion:Foralarge,well-knownbrand,searchadsareprobablyworthless.2.Thismonth,theirfindingswerere-releasedasaworkingpaperbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchandgreetedwitharoundofcoverageaskingwhetherInternetadvertisingofanykindworksatall.

“Weknowalotlessthantheadvertisingindustrywouldlikeustothinkweknow,"StevenTadelis,oneoftheeBaystudy’sco-authors,toldme.

AskGoogle.FacebookorTwitter,ofcourse,andthey’llreliablybustoutthird-partyresearchexplainingthattheiradsworkjustfine,evenifconsumersdon’talwaysclickonthem.Anentireecosystemofanalyticscompanies,includingbignameslikeComScoreandNielsen,hasevolvedtotellclientswhichonlineadvertisementsgivethemthebiggestbangfortheirbucks,Especiallycutting-edgefirms,suchasDialogic.Haveevenfoundwaystodrawcorrelationsbetweentheadsconsumersseeonlineandwhattheybuyinstores.Weareswimmingindata.3.AndthereareplentyofprofessionalsouttherehappytotellcorporateAmericawhatallthatdatameans,withthehelpofsomefancymathematicalmodels.

Theproblem,accordingtoTadelisandothers,isthatmuchofthedatawebsitesgenerateismoreorlessuseless.Someoftheproblemsarepracticallyasoleasmarkingitself.Forinstance,companiesliketorunlargeadcampaignsduringmajorshoppingseasons,likeChristmas.ButifsalesdoublecomeDecember,it’shardtosaywhethertheadortheholidaywasresponsible.Companiesalsounderstandablyliketotargetaudiencestheythinkwilllikewhatthey’reselling.Butthatalwaysleadstothenaggingquestionofwhetherthecustomerwouldhavegoneandpurchasedtheproductregardless.Economistscallthisissue“endogeneity.”DerekThompson