考研考博-英语-新疆科技职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆科技职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世纪80年代以来，中国陆续推出一系列科学技术研究发展的整体计划，旨在战略性地全面提高国家在21世纪的综合科技竞争力。1982年开始实施的国家科技攻关计划，是20世纪中国最大的科技计划。它面向国民经济建设主战场，解决国民经济和社会发展中带有方向性、关键性和综合性的问题，涉及农业、电子信息、能源、交通、材料、资源勘探、环境保护、医疗卫生等领域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

2.单选题

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

问题1选项

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

问题2选项

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

问题3选项

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

问题4选项

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

问题5选项

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知选项A错误,社会和自然科学的纯理论的目的在于理解,但不是科学本身；根据第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”选项C说哲学完全独立于文中提到的科学是不正确的,apartfrom指除...之外,还有...,所以哲学本身也是科学,所以选项C错误；根据第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知选项D刚好与原文描述的相反,所以错误。

2.根据第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于应用的知识会带来立即的可预见的成功,但却不是那种重大的成功,也就是说人类最重要的成功还是来自于技术的应用。因此,选项A为正确答案。

3.根据第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希腊数学家们没有意识到他们研究的价值。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后两句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,选项C符合原文主旨。

5.根据第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人类没有无私的追求这些理论知识,就没有取得实际成果的基础,所以选项A符合原文。

3.单选题

Peopletendtoignorethedelayedeffectsof（

）tochemicalsbecausethedangerdoesn'tbecomeapparentimmediately.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.exploit

C.explosion

D.exponent

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。exposure“暴露”；exploit“功绩”；explosion“爆炸”；exponent“倡导者，鼓吹者”。句意：人们倾向于忽视接触化学物质的迟延效应，因为这些危害不会立刻表现出来。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimprovedstandardsandshould（）newoperatingprocedures.

问题1选项

A.resultin

B.matchwith

C.subjectto

D.proceedwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意:彻底调查这个事故的原因,应该会提高标准,而且带来新的操作程序。

考查短语辨析。resultin导致，带来；matchwith使…较量，与…相配，使与…一致;subjectto使服从，使遭受；受……管制;proceedwith继续进行。因此A符合句意。

5.单选题

Ascomputersecuritysystemsbecomeevenmoreadvanced,（）themethodsofthosewhotrytobreakintothemillegally.

问题1选项

A.somuchdo

B.sotoodo

C.asmuchas

D.aswellas

【答案】A

【解析】语法知识题。空格的句子为主句，C和D选项句子不完整，A选项是倒装句。句意：随着电脑安全系统的越来越先进，也出现越来越多先进的方法非法闯入系统。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.premature

C.perfectible

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B选项premature“不成熟的”；C选项perfectible“可完成的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：初步的测试是为某事做准备的考试。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Don’tbeafraidofbees.Theydonotnormally（）withoutbeingprovoked.

问题1选项

A.sing

B.bite

C.prick

D.thrust

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sing“唱歌”；B选项bite“咬”；C选项prick“戳，扎破”；D选项thrust“插，插入”。句意：不要害怕蜜蜂。如果没有挑衅，它们通常不会（）人。蜜蜂是咬人，因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thedoghas（）itsaffectiontoitsnewmasterinChina’sindustries.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.transformed

C.transported

D.transmitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项transferredv.转移，转让，调动；B选项transformedv.转化，变换；C选项transportedv.运输，搬运；D选项transmittedv.传输，传送，遗传。根据动词宾语itsaffection可知，A项符合语义和搭配。因此，A项为正确选项。句意：小狗己经将自己的情感转移给了它的新主人。

9.翻译题

1.中国是世界上的发明大国，但是很多发明无法走出实验室，归根结底是资金问题。

2.当然我们还应该充分意识到，大熊猫生存的主要威胁不是来自于大熊猫的繁殖能力，而是来自于人类对大熊猫自然生态环境的破坏。

3.他饮他的花酒，我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界：自我安定。

4.自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我，是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的。

5.太多的医学和研究生教育把学生禁闭在黑暗的房间里，使他们成为被强迫灌输信息的笨人。

【答案】1.China,oneoftheworld'sleadinginnovators,findsitselfintheawkwardsituationofbeingunabletogetmanyofitsinventionsoutofthelabs,whichcomesdowntotheproblemoffunding.

2.Ofcourse,weshouldalsobefullyawarethatthemainthreattothesurvivalofthepandaspeciescomesnotfromthepoorpropagationofthespecies,butfrommankind’sdestructionofpandas'naturalhabitat.

3.Life,itseemstome,needsaplacidityofmind.Whileothersmaybewininganddining,I'mcontentwithplaintea.

4.Borninthecountrysideandalwaystaughttobelieveprofoundlyintheneedto“treasureeachandeverygrainofriceinthebowl”，Iflatlyrefusetothrowawaytheleftovers.

5.Toomanymedicalstudentsandpostgraduatesreceiveeducationinaclosedroom,andfinallybecomeapassiveknowledge-receivingidiot.

10.单选题

Turningcultivatedlandbackintoforestsorpastureisafundamentalwaytostemsoil（

）anddesertificationinthelongrun.

问题1选项

A.erosion

B.depletion

C.violation

D.delusion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。erosion“侵蚀，腐蚀”；depletion“消耗，损耗”；violation“违反”；delusion“欺骗，迷惑”。句意：将耕地退耕为森林或者草原是阻止土壤侵蚀和荒漠化的根本方法。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Afterthedisasterofflood，peoplealloverthevillagemade_________efforttorebuildtheirhome.

问题1选项

A.superfluous

B.tenuous

C.strenuous

D.fatuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；tenuous“无关紧要的”；strenuous“费力的，紧张的”；fatuous“愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪灾过后，全村的人们都努力重建家园。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Somewomenaremotivatedtowork（）professionalinterestsandadesiretocontributetosociety.

问题1选项

A.becauseof

B.asto

C.regardlessof

D.inspiteof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项becauseof“因为；由于”；B选项asto“至于，关于；就……而论”；C选项regardlessof“不顾，不管”；D选项inspiteof“不管、虽然、尽管、不顾”。句意：有些妇女工作的动机是（）职业兴趣和为社会做贡献的愿望。B、C、D选项不符合句意，因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Youmustfacethefactthatinyourinmostheartyouhatethethoughtofmoving.Itiseasiestnottoleavetheroomswhereyourchildrenpassedthroughtheirwonderfulchildhoodandannoyingteenstoafriendlybutslightlydistantcommunitysuddenly.

Until,suddenlyoneday,thedistanceisabsoluteandtheyaregrownupandgone.Thenyoufindyourselflivingintoolargeahouse,whichconsumesinitsmaintenancetoomuchenergyandmoney.Whenwefoundourselvesinthissituationafewyearsago,wedeterminedtomovewhilewestillhadthestrengthandbeforetheemotionaltentacles（触角）thattheoldhousehadwrappedaroundusbecametoopowerfultobebroken.Movewhileyoucan!Butbesureyoureallywantto,anddonotmovetoooften.Itisanexhaustingprocess.

Yourfirsttaskistofindahousethatwillsuityou.Itmustbesmaller,quieter,easiertorun,andmoreconvenientlyplacedfortransport.Notsosmall,though,thatitwillnotelegantlyaccommodateyourlargestpiecesoffurniture,andlocatednottoofarfromtheneighborhoodwheresomanyfriendshipshavebeenbuiltup.

Atlastwefoundone:alateVictoriancottage,inastreetwherethehouses,allsmall,rangefromlate18thtomid20thcentury.Itwasnearenoughtowherewewantedtolive.Ithadnobasement,whichwasagreatconvenienceforaginglegs.Therewereonlytwofloorsabovegroundlevel:oneforourselvesandonewherefriends,children,andgrandchildrencouldspreadthemselveswhentheycametostay.Eachfloorhadtworooms.Therewasakitchenonthegroundfloor,withthebathroomaboveit.

1.Thepassageconcernsbuying（）.

2.Thepassageimpliesthatgrown-upchildrenare（）.

3.Theauthordecidedtomove（）.

4.Theauthoradvisespeopleinhisownsituation（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theirnewhousehad（）.

问题1选项

A.ahouseforanewlymarriedcouple

B.alargehouseforagrowingfamily

C.abetterhousewhenpeoplehavemoremoneytoinvest

D.asmallerhouseforolderpeoplewhosechildrenhavelefthome

问题2选项

A.morefriendlytotheirparentswhentheyaregrownup

B.distantfromtheirparents

C.friendlybutnotveryclose

D.annoying

问题3选项

A.whentheirhousegavethemtoomuchworkandcosttoomuchtorun

B.whentheygrewtiredoftheirhouse

C.whentheysuddenlygotthestrengthtodoso

D.beforethehousecollapsed

问题4选项

A.tomoveintoaverysmallhouse

B.tomovesomewherewherethelargestpossiblepiecesoffurniturewillfit

C.nottomovetoofarfromthemainroad

D.tochoosesomewherenotsonoisy

问题5选项

A.twofloors

B.threefloors

C.fourfloors

D.twobathrooms

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干问：这篇文章提到买（）。D选项“为一个孩子离家的老人买一栋小房子”，定位到倒数第二段，第二句Itmustbesmaller,quieter,easiertorun,andmoreconvenientlyplacedfortransport.（它必须更小，更安静，更容易运行，更方便运输。）我们可以看出来这个房子应该是很小的，并且是给老人住的，因此答案是D。A选项“为一对新人买房子”，B选项“为一个不断壮大的家庭买一个大房子”，C选项“当人们有更多资金时买一栋更好的房子”。

2.判断推理题。题干问：文章暗示长大的孩子会（）。C选项“更加友好但是不那么亲近”，答案定位到第一段whereyourchildrenpassedthroughtheirwonderfulchildhoodandannoyingteenstoafriendlybutslightlydistantcommunitysuddenly.（在这里，你的孩子在一个友好但有点疏远的社区里度过了美好的童年和令人讨厌的少年。）我们可以得出，孩子长大后变得更友好，但是也和父母有了距离，因此答案为C。A选项“在他们长大之后对他们的父母更好”，B选项“和父母会产生距离”，D选项“烦人的”。

3.事实细节题。题干问：作者决定搬家（）。A选项“当他们的房子带给他们太多的家务并且需要花费很多去打理”，根据题干我们定位到第二段ahouse,whichconsumesinitsmaintenancetoomuchenergyandmoney.（它消耗了太多的精力和金钱来维护。）因此答案为A。B选项“当他们厌倦了他们现在的房子”，C选项“当他们突然有能力去搬家了”，D选项“在房子倒塌之前”。

4.事实细节题。题干问：作者建议处于像他这种情况的人（）。B选项“搬到能装下最大家具的地方”，定位到第三段Notsosmall,though,thatitwillnotelegantlyaccommodateyourlargestpiecesoffurniture（不过也不是太小，不能很好地摆放你最大的家具），因此作者建议这样人们搬到一个能放得下自己最大家具的房子，不一定要很小，答案为B。A选项“搬进去一个非常小的房子”，C选项“不要搬到离主路太远的地方”，D选项“选一个不那么吵的地方”。

5.事实细节题。题干问：根据原文，这个新房子有（）。A选项“两层”，定位到最后一段Therewereonlytwofloorsabovegroundlevel（只有地上两层），我们可以得出这个房子只有两层；Therewasakitchenonthegroundfloor,withthebathroomaboveit.（一楼有一间厨房，上面是浴室。）通过最后一句话我们可以得出，只有一个洗手间，因此答案为A。B选项“三层”，C选项“四层”，D选项“两个卫生间”。

14.单选题

Theywanttostimulateeconomicgrowthintheregionbyoffering（）toforeigninvestors.

问题1选项

A.incentives

B.abundances

C.warriors

D.outnumbers

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。incentives刺激，鼓励;abundances大量，充足；warriors武士，勇士；outnumbers数量多于，比...多。句意:他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来该地区的经济增长。故A项符合句意。

15.单选题

AfterbreakfastIwentoutintothegarden.Springhadcomelatethatyear,makingnonsenseoflastyear’sgrandioseplans;IwastoSundaysofharddiggingbehindschedule.HarlingCrescentwaspartofanewhousingestateoffSt.ClairPark,oroffEarlRoad,dependingonwhichwayyouwantedtolookatit.(TheestateagentsgenerallycalledittheParkDevelopment,theworldParkhavingmorestatusthatRoad.)

WiththeexceptionofafewbighousesonEarlRoaditself,there’dbeennobuildinginthedistrictuntilafterthewar.WewerethefirstoccupantsofNumberSevenHarlingCrescent,andthegardenhadbeenawildernesswhenwemovedin.Now,afterthreeyearsduringwhichIseemedtohavedonelittleelsebutweedanddigandaddcartloadsoflimeandmanure,itwasbeginningtolookcrediblethatinabouttenyears’timeitmightberemotelylikethegardeninHunlittandLesper’sbrochure.Itwouldn’t,Iknew,boastquiteasmanyrosesandcherry-treesorhavesuchasmoothlygreenlawnorsuchagreeablyfantastictopiarywork,norcouldIeverhopeforalimousineofanythingnearthedimensions(thebonnet,accordingtomycalculations,beingsomefifteenfeetlong)tostandinthedrive.Ihadfewillusionsleftaboutmyvaluetomyfather-in-law’sbusiness.ButitWouldbedefinitelyagarden,andwe’dhaveteathereinthesummerandeatourownstrawberriesandthere’dbeaplayhouseforBarbaraand,assheherselfwouldputit,flowers.Barbarawouldcomehomefromschoolandtherewouldbe“pretty”flowers.Aboveall,thegardenwouldbesomethingI’dmade,somethingwhichbelongedtome,thepoetwhowroteaboutGodwalkinginhisgardeninthecoolofeveninghadgotitallwrong;Ivaluedmygarden-becauseitwasabouttheonlyplaceintheworld,inwhichI,JoeLampton,couldwalkasJoeLampton.

And,sinceI’dbeenthinkingofbeingtwoSundaysbehindschedule,itwastheonlyplacewhereIdidn’tlivetoschedule;inagardenonedidthingsbyseasonandweathernotbyclockandcalendar.

TheSt.ClairmansionstoodnorthofHarlingCrescentwiththeSt.ClairFollyOnthecrestofthehillaboveit.Itwasstillapleasuretolookat,itsproportionsofbalanceandorderandsimplicitywerestillacceptabletome;andtherehadbeenatimewhenthefactofmymother-in-lawbeingaSt.Clairhadgivenmeafeelingofpart-ownershipoftheplace:becausetheSt.Clairsweremychildren’sancestorstheywereminetoo.IfanythingIdidthefamilycredit;amongthemorenotableSt.Clairswereatleasttwoknownmurderers,threeconvictedtraitors,andoneparticularlyambitiousgentlemanwhowasrumoredbothtohaveofferedhisfifteen-year-olddaughtertoEdwardIIandtohavehelpedtoarrangeEdward’smurderatBerkeley.Heiress-huntingandrobberyofonekindoranothertheyallseemedtohavetakenforgranted;Peregrine,whobuildtheFollyin1810,wentthroughtwowives’fortunesandthenmadeanotherascolonelofaregiment.Hewasevensupposedtohavedoneadealwiththedenture-makersofthetime-whoextractedteethfromthedeadonthefieldofbattle;IcameacrossthistidbitinananonymousChartistpamphletwhichReggieScurrahshowedmeattheLibrary.

Reggiehadexpectedmetobeshocked;insteadIwasmildlytitillated.Thathadbeensomesevenyearsago:nowtheStClairshadlosttheirglamourasfarasIwasconcerned.True,whenawayfromWarleyIalwaysmanagedtobringmywife’sancestorsintotheconversation;Ihadneverdislikedanassociationwithanamewhich—allthemoresoforthefamilybeingextinct—wasasymbolofdoomedaristocracy,pennonsagainstthesunset,trumpetsatRoncesvalles,andalltherestofit.ButnowIusedthissocialgambitonlywhenIrememberedto.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thenameoftheestateonwhichhishousewasbuiltwas（）.

2.Bysaying"ifanythingIdidthefamilycredit”(Para.4),theauthormeantthat（

）.

3.ItisknownfromthepassagethattheSt.Clairsseemedtoregard（）.

4.Theword"boast"inParagraph2mostprobablymeans"（）".

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheauthor'sattitudetowardstheStClairfamilyis（）.

问题1选项

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

问题2选项

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

问题3选项

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

问题4选项

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

问题5选项

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章第一段提到HarlingCrescent是新住宅区的一部分，远离St.Clair或者Earl路。房产经纪人一般称这里为Park，因为Park比Road地位要高，所以作者认为这个地方的取名很虚荣，很势利，选项C符合题意。

第2题:文章第四段提到有名的St.Clairs家族出的一些人，比如至少有两名杀人犯，三个被判罪的叛徒还有一个将自己15岁女儿送给爱德华二世并且还参与了发生在伯克利的爱德华谋杀事件的一个绅士。这些都能证明作者在某些地方比他们的信誉要高，选项D符合题意。

第3题:文章第四段提到后半段提及谋求成为女继承人和抢劫这样的事情对他们家族的人来说都是理所当然。Peregrine在1810年建造了Folly,他获得了两个妻子的财富，又做团长获得了另外一笔财富，从这些都可以看出St.Clairs认为追求财富都是理所当然，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第二段Iwouldn’t,Iknew,boastquiteasmanyrosesandcherry-treesorhavesuchasmoothlygreenlawn…提到花园中不能有太多玫瑰花和樱桃树，boast在句子中是“拥有”的意思，所以选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章作者讲述St.Clair家族时是用讽刺的语气讲述的，比如讲述他们家出了杀人犯、叛徒，还有为了积累财富不择手段等等。所以选项C符合题意。

16.单选题

Herjewelry（）underthespotlightsandshebecamethedominantfigureattheball.

问题1选项

A.glared

B.glittered

C.blazed

D.dazzled

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。glare“怒目而视”；glitter“闪光，灿烂”；blaze“燃烧，发光”；dazzle“使目眩，使眼花缭乱”。句意：她的珠宝在聚光灯下闪闪发亮，她成为这个舞会的主要人物。B项符合题意。

17.单选题

Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.

Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewateristhemostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.

Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,alifemustbefirstofall（）.

3.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade（）.

4.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson（）.

5.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?

问题1选项

A.theusesoflifepreservers

B.thedesignoflifepreservers

C.thematerialsforlifepreservers

D.thebuoyancyoflifepreservers

问题2选项

A.adjustable

B.comfortable

C.self-evident

D.self-righting

问题3选项

A.withasfewstringsaspossible

B.capableofbeingwornonbothsides

C.accordingtoeachwearer’ssize

D.comfortableandlighttowear

问题4选项

A.whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserver

B.whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserver

C.whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermission

D.whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster

问题5选项

A.Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards

B.Thewaterwouldhithiseyes

C.Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom

D.Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。由第一段“AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual'andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.根据美国的要求，救生衣的设计必须是可逆的，能够迅速调整以适应不熟悉的个人，而且必须设计得能够在水中支撑穿戴者直立或稍微向后的位置。可知本文主要讲的是有关救生衣的设计。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewateristhemostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最重要的，即使在穿戴者筋疲力尽或失去意识的情况下，它也会使穿戴者在水中从脸朝下的位置转向直立或稍微向后的位置，使他的脸不沾水。”可知救生衣最重要的特征是能够自动扶正的。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由最后第一段“Thus,thelifebereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers.Asuitablelifealsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,因此救生衣应该可以两面都穿的，这样的话几乎不可能穿反。带子应尽可能少。另外救生衣一定要根据不同穿戴者的体型来调节。合适的救生衣应该总是穿起来舒适，无论在水里还是在水的外面，并且不能太重以至于船遇到危险时会想要把它脱下来。”可知ABD三项在文中都有提及，故C项不对。答案选C。

4.词义题。由第一段“AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustdesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,根据美国的要求，救生衣必须设计出双面可穿的、不熟悉穿戴的人能够迅速适应的。由该句可推断该词的意思为没穿戴过救生衣的，没受过训练的人。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第二段“Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewateristhemostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.救生衣支撑落水的人的位置是最重要的，即使在穿戴者筋疲力尽或失去意识的情况下，它也会使穿戴者在水中从脸朝下的位置转向直立或稍微向后的位置，使他的脸不沾水。”题干中的inawrongposition与文中的face-downposition相对应，故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

18.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopersandadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overlastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavocon（扰乱）European’sprivatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonerscameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today'stech-savvy（精通技术的）workershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModernEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles,theywereyoungbeautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn'tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn'tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult”.OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming”thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates.Sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoon