考研考博-英语-山西省财政税务专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山西省财政税务专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glanced“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视，匆匆一看（强调主动的加以注意瞥了一眼）；浏览；斜击某物后斜弹开来；反光；轻擦（球）；（板球）斜击”；B选项glimpsed“瞥见（强调被动的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是主动去看）”；C选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项scribbled“乱画；潦草地书写；写作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他离开办公室前___手表。本句表达“主动地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

3.单选题

MarciaSeligsoncallstheweddingdressthe“keymetaphor”intheelaborateefforttomaketheAmericanweddingan“idealizeddeparturefromreality,”andnotesthatintheearly1970s,atatimewhenlove-ins,live-ins,andhippieweddingswerethrowingbrickbatsattradition,94percentofAmericanbridesstillchosetobemarriedinwhite.Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.Commentingslylyonthetradition,JudithMartin(1982)observesthatanengagedcoupleneedstodecide“whetherwearingawhiteweddingdresswillbeworthenduringthesneersofpeoplewhobelievethesemustbeaccessorizedbyintacthymens.”

Viewedhistorically,thelinkbetweenwhiteandvirginity(or,asitissometimeseuphemized,purity)isnotasabsoluteasisoftensupposed.BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy;theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion.InthewesternCatholictradition,too,whitehasalwaysbeenthecolorofjoy,anditremainstheiconographicallycorrecthueforsuchjubilantoccasionsasEasterSunday.Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.Forexample,amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus;andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.

The“traditional”whiteweddingdress,moreover,isarecentinnovation.BarbaraToberexplainsthatitspopularitymayowelesstothemystiqueofvirginitythantoacurioustwistofconspicuousdisplay.MostVictorianbrides,shesays,woresimplytheir“bestfinery”ontheirweddingday,andmanyworetraditionalethniccostumes.Thewhitedresswasanostentatiouslyimpracticalinnovationthatbecamepopularamongtheupperclassespreciselybecauseofitsdefects:“Victorianbridesfromprivilegedbackgroundsworewhitetoindicatethattheywererichenoughtowearadressforonedayonly.”Andthroughoutthefirstyearsofthiscentury,bridesfromsomewhatlessprivilegedbackgroundswouldtrotoutthewhitedressonspecialoccasionsthroughoutthefirstyearoftheirmarriage.Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.

1.Accordingtothepassage,wearingawhiteweddingdresshaslittletodowith（）.

2.Fromhistoricalpointofview,thewhitecolorhasbeenassociatedwithallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhitedress（）.

4.Nowadays,aftertheweddingwhitedressforbridesfromordinaryfamilies（）.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassageis（）.

问题1选项

A.virginityt

B.purityt

C.hopet

D.traditiont

问题2选项

A.ceremoniesofweddingsandfuneralst

B.flamesofpassioninnewcouplest

C.feelingsofjoyt

D.changesofsocialstatust

问题3选项

A.enjoysgeneralpopularityt

B.representstraditionalstylet

C.meanssomethingthatbringspeoplejoyt

D.symbolizesthearistocracyofVictorianst

问题4选项

A.waswornthroughoutthefirstyeart

B.wasneverwornagaint

C.waswornonceinawhilet

D.wasreservedforspecialpurposet

问题5选项

A.TraditionofWhiteWeddingDresst

B.OriginofWeddingDresst

C.HistoryofWeddingDresst

D.AppealofWhiteDress

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章可知，穿白色的婚纱与……没有关系”。第一段提到Thecolorhaslongbeenassociatedwithweddingsbecauseofitssupposedsymboliclinktovirginity.（这种颜色长期以来一直与婚礼联系在一起，因为它被认为是贞操的象征）可知，白色和童贞纯洁有联系，A项“贞洁”和B项“纯洁”都正确；第二段最后一句提到andthetraditionalChinesewhiteforfuneralswasasymbolicrepresentationofhope.（而传统的中国白色葬礼是希望的象征）可知，白色的婚纱和希望没什么关系，希望是中国传统葬礼上使用白色的含义，所以C项“希望”与白色婚纱没关系；文章第三段讲到了维多利亚时代低层阶级的新娘在结婚那天会穿上白色婚纱，婚礼后会把它像宝物一样锁起来，最后一句提到itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold（它不能用于其他用途，已经有不到一百年的历史了）可知，穿白色婚纱和传统有关，所以D项“传统”正确。该题只有C项与穿白色的婚纱无关，故该题选择C项。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“从历史的角度来看，白色一直与以下所有的联系在一起，除了……”。根据第二段第四句Sometraditionalsocietiesusewhitetodenotethesignificanceofvariouspassageceremonies,amongthemfuneralsaswellasweddings.（一些传统社会用白色来表示各种仪式的意义，包括葬礼和婚礼）可知，A项“婚礼和葬礼的仪式”与白色有联系；根据第二段第二句theywereveiledinabrightorangeveil,orflammeum,thatsuggestedtheflamesofpassion（她们戴着一层明亮的橙色面纱，或称火焰，象征着激情的火焰）可知B项“新夫妇的激情之火”和白色没有什么关系；根据BridesinancientRomemarriedinwhite,butbecausethecolorsignifiedjoy（古罗马的新娘结婚时穿白色，但因为白色象征着快乐）可知C项“快乐的感觉”与白色有联系；根据amongtheAndamanIslanders,saidA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whiteindicatedsimplyachangeofstatus（在安达曼岛民中，白色仅仅表示身份的改变）可知D项“社会地位的变化”也与白色有联系。该题只有B项与白色无关，故该题选择B项。

第3题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从短文中可以推断出白色的衣服……”。根据文章第二段我们可知在很多地方和场合都会使用白色，因此可以推断白色在很多地方的场合都普遍受到欢迎；所以A项“普遍受欢迎”正确。B项“代表传统风格”、C项“意味着给人们带来快乐的事情”和D项“象征维多利亚时代的贵族”在文中都有明确的指出，不用被推测，所以都不选。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“如今，普通家庭的新娘穿的白色婚纱在婚后……”。根据文章最后一句Thecustomoflockingthetreasureawayafterthewedding—sothat,likeatoastingglass,itcouldneverbeusedforalesserpurpose—islessthanahundredyearsold.（婚礼后把宝物锁起来的习俗——就像敬酒的杯子一样，它不能用于其他用途——有不到一百年的历史了）可知，B项“再也没有穿过”正确；A项“一整年都穿着”、C项“偶尔穿一穿”和D项“为特殊目的保留”都不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是……”。通过通读文章可知，本文主要讲述人们在各种场合对白色的喜爱，所以D项“白色礼服的吸引力”符合题意。A项“白色婚纱的传统”、B项“婚纱的起源”和C项“结婚礼服的历史”都比较片面，不能概括全文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

4.单选题

Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.

Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?

3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

问题1选项

A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs

B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities

C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters

D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves

问题2选项

A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.

B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.

C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.

D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration

B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival

C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive

D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit

问题4选项

A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.

B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.

C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.

D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.

问题5选项

A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.

B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.

C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.

D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且无养料的海水中繁衍的。第二段开头开始转折，作者指出人类活动是怎样对珊瑚礁的栖息地造成破坏的，所以B选项‘解释人类活动如何对珊瑚礁群落构成威胁’为正确答案。

2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一个反问句表明珊瑚礁适合在低养料的清澈海水中生长。确定A选项符合题意。珊瑚礁很难在浅水滩边繁殖，所以B选项错误，排除。人类活动导致海水中的养料增加，而并非增加了海水的温度，从而破坏了珊瑚礁的栖息地，C选项错误，排除。食草动物数量的不稳定并不是珊瑚礁生长造成的，而是珊瑚礁遭到破坏的一种表现，D选项错误，排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型症状是食草动物种群的不稳定，以及藻类和滤食性动物数量的增加。”确定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是为了说明珊瑚礁减少的特征。A选项正确。

4.细节判断题。根据文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.农业、刀耕火种、污水处理以及制造业向海水中排放了大量的垃圾，从而增加了海水的营含量。”和“Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁对养料排入海水中发生的微妙变化很敏感，随着人口的增加，排放到海水的养料也随之増加，珊瑚礁的数量也就减少了。”可知人类排放的垃圾增加了海水的营养含量，从而威胁着珊瑚礁的生长。D选项符合题意。

5.推理判断题。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少养料的海水中生长，是因为有一种叫虫黄藻的水藻与它共生。虫黄藻能够与珊瑚礁的粪便进行光合作用，从而又为珊瑚礁提供食物。因此，尽管在食物资源极度缺乏的环境下，珊瑚礁也能够生长。所以C选项‘它们能够在食物资源有限的环境中生存’符合题意。

5.单选题

Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theone（

）theother.

问题1选项

A.emphasizing

B.reinforcing

C.multiplying

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。emphasize强调；reinforce加强，加固；multiply增加；increase增强，提高。

句意：相同的因素推动工资和物价同时上涨，二者相互促进。这里指由于相互促进而增强，所以选项B最为恰当。

6.单选题

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；successively“相继地”；predominantly“主要地；显著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，该公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定……被修改了。根据句意选用“后来”更合适，因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Mybrother’splansarevery（）;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.aggressive

C.ambitious

D.abundant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。arbitrary“任意的，武断的，专制的”；aggressive“侵略性的，有进取心的”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的，有雄心的”；abundant“丰富的，充裕的”。句意：我哥哥的计划很有野心，他想在16岁前掌握英语，法语和西班牙语。C项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor（）.

4.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,peopleshouldbehappiestdoingwhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthoroftheabovepassagewouldprobablyreacttoanenergyshortageby（）.

问题1选项

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.GoldenAgeofGreece

C.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

D.EnglandofKingArthur

问题2选项

A.capitalism

B.totalitarianism

C.socialism

D.anarchism

问题3选项

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

问题4选项

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons.

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant.

C.waitingtablesforarichman.

D.helpingapoormandohisjob.

问题5选项

A.blamingtherichfortheproblem

B.supportingthesearchformoreoil

C.fomentingrevolutionbythedoor

D.urgingthatenergybeusedmoreefficientlyandeffectively

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章“AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.”，可知对于英国的穷人，对于所有国家的穷人，这一问题在所有关于财富的论述中都被完全忽略了。可推断出作者生活在英国。下文讨论了劳动者的生产问题，可推断出此时英国处于工业化初级阶段。选项C符合题意。

2.作者态度题。根据文章“Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.”，可知资本主义生产带来了一系列的问题，提出劳动者生产任何东西的报酬多少无关紧要，问题在于他们被迫生产的东西是什么，并且能够用自己的财产干什么。可判断出作者认为应该对个人的生产和财产使用进行规定，可推断出作者对社会主义表示赞成。选项C符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章，“IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate…outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.”，可知作者举了一个例子说明了关于财富积累，作者暗示了诚实的商人其实很少。选项D符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章，“Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem….Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.”，可知对于劳动者来说，最大的问题不是有多少钱，而是能用钱买什么和做什么，如果是对生活有利的事，那人们会感到快乐。可推断出清洁污水处理厂的污水池是人们会喜欢的，因为可以带来好的环境，对生活有利。选项B符合题意。

5.推断题。整篇文章主要提到了财富集中在富人手中会对带来许多问题，如果财富完全由富人来支配，那么会对生产和使用方式带来危害。可推断出作者会把资源短缺的问题归咎于富人。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodation,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginlineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________.

22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.

25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.

问题1选项

A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

C.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

D.showsympathyforyourlisteners

问题2选项

A.impolitetonewarrivals

B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

C.entitledtosomeprivileges

D.verybusyevenduringlunchhours

问题3选项

A.havebenefitedmanypeople

B.arethefocusofpublicattention

C.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

问题4选项

A.inwell-wordedlanguage

B.asawkwardlyaspossible

C.inexaggeratedstatement

D.ascasuallyaspossible

问题5选项

A.UseHumorEffectively

B.VariousKindsofHumor

C.AddHumortoSpeech

D.DifferentHumorStrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.（如果你想在你的谈话中使用幽默使人们微笑，你必须知道如何识别共同的经历和问题。）和第三句Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.（根据你的谈话对象，问题会有所不同。），可知幽默最重要的是讨论的问题，并且针对不同的人要用不同的问题，故C选项“向不同的人提出不同的问题”正确。A选项“利用不同类型的观众”和D选项“对听众表示同情”：根据第一段第二、三句，幽默必须与听众相关，是因为有助于同情听众从而亲近听众，策略在于谈论的问题。B选项“取笑那些没有条理的人”：文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

22.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句theaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors（所有的听众都对医生有相同的看法）和最后一句“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”（“哦，那是上帝，”他回答说，“但有时他认为自己是一名医生。”）可知，在护士眼中，医生把自己当成神一样，可以不讲道理，故B选项“非常清楚他们神一样的角色”正确。A选项“对新人无礼”，C选项“有权享有某些特权”和D选项“即使在午餐时间也很忙”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

23.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句it’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfood（你就适合对餐厅难以下咽的食物开玩笑），可知对公共服务开玩笑往往幽默效果很不错，故D选项“经常拿来开玩笑”正确，C选项“不合适做幽默主题”错误。A选项“使许多人受益”和B选项“是公众关注的焦点”：文章没有提到。因此D选项正确。

24.语义推测题。根据第四段Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural…inarelaxedandunforcedmanner…makingalight-heartedremark（如果你在幽默时感到尴尬，必须练习到更自然……用一种轻松和自然的方式……轻松愉快地说话），可知幽默需要传达出自然和随意，故D选项“尽可能随意”正确，B选项“尽可能尴尬”错误。A选项“良好措辞”：措辞方面没有提到，故错误。C选项“陈述夸张”：是方法，不是必要条件，故错误。因此D选项正确。

25.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile（如果你想在谈话间用幽默让人发笑），后文通过原则和各种方法在讲如何恰当地使人发笑，故A选项“有效运用幽默”正确。B选项“各式的幽默”，C选项“为演讲增添幽默”，D选项“不同的幽默策略”是其中的一个方面或者细节，不足以概括全文。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponourorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

问题1选项

A.fraction

B.fiction

C.function

D.friction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fraction表示“分数，部分，小部分”，B选项fiction表示“小说，编造，谎言”，C选项function表示“功能，运转，函数”，D选项friction表示“摩擦，摩擦力”。根据句意可知，我们仅仅察觉到偶然触及我们感官的一小部分光和声音；而大部分已经过去了。空缺处单词与后文中的thegreatmajority形成对比，形容光和声音的一小部分，因此，只有A项符合语境。故本题正确答案为A选项。

11.单选题

Noonewas（

）intheaccident.

问题1选项

A.injured

B.wounded

C.suffered

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项injure“伤害，损害”；B选项wound“创伤，伤害”；C选项suffer“遭受”；D选项handicap“妨碍”。句意：在这次事故中没有人受伤。选项A和B都有受伤的意思，但injury指意外伤害或事故造成的伤害，wound一般指刀伤，枪伤，战场上受伤，也可指对感情的伤害，所以选项A更加恰当。

12.单选题

MaxWeberproposedacomplexapproachtoinequalitywhichexpresslytakesaccountofnon-economicdimensionsofrankingandinequality.AgainstMarx,Webermaintainsthattheoperationofpowerinsocietiesisyetmorefundamentalthantheireconomicbasis.Power（1）thecapacityofindividualsorgroupstorealizetheirwilleven（2）theoppositionofothers.Thisyieldsthreecategoriesfundamentaltotheanalysisofinequality:class,statusandparty.Inequalitymaybelocatedineconomicallydefined（3）butcouldalsobefoundedinstatusgroupsandpoliticalparties.Inthiselaborationhesoughttorefinethemeasurementofinequalityandtoshowthepotentialsingularityofhiscriteria（4）theirconnectedness.Forexample,powerisoftenlinkedtoclass-basedwealthbutitcanbeseparatedinsituations（5）powerislinkedtoknowledge.Statusreferstostyleoflife.Italsoreferstosocialesteem,therespectandadmiration（6）apersonaccordingtohisorhersocialpositionandthiscanbelocal（7）structuralandtakeaccountofinterpersonalsubjectivities.Marx’sstressonstructuralrelationshipsandontheduplicitousnatureofculturetendstobereplacedbyaviewofclassesasrankedhierarchiesoffixedgroupings（8）individualsmaybemobile.Whilethecategoriesarefi