考研考博-英语-山东交通学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东交通学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。

句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。

2.单选题

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobelittlemorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorcomeincontactwiththesupernatural—perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer”toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.

Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingontheflooroftheNavahohogan.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient'sbodywithsandfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwillnotharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singer”totheirstudents.ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisthumbandfore-fingerontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor.Withasteadyhandandgreatpatience,heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesnotallowreproductionofsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Thepurposeofahealingceremonyliesin

（

）.

3.The“singer”rubssandonthepatientbecause

（

）.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Whichofthefollowingtitleswillbebestsuitthepassage?

问题1选项

A.discussthemedicalusesofsandpaintingsinmedievalEurope.

B.studythewaysNavahoIndianshandeddowntheirpaintingart.

C.considerhowNavaho“singer”treattheirailmentswithsandpaintings.

D.tellhowNavahoIndiansapplysandpaintingformedicalpurposes.

问题2选项

A.pleasingtheghosts

B.attractingsupernaturalpowers

C.attractingtheghosts

D.creatingasandpainting

问题3选项

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithaspharmaceuticalvalue

C.itdecoratethepatient

D.noneoftheabove

问题4选项

A.Paint

B.Beachsand

C.Crushedsandstone

D.Flour

问题5选项

A.ANewDirectionforMedicalResearch

B.TheNavahoIndians’SandPainting

C.TheprocessofSandpaintingCreation

D.TheNavahoIndians’MedicalHistory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先指出艺术除娱乐还有其他功能。之后便纳瓦霍人的传统为例,说明了沙画师如何在治疗疾病方面发挥作用的,故选D。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词ahealingceremony定位至第二段:Tocounteractthisevilcontact,theillpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicinemancalleda“singer5’toperformahealingceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing(为了抵消这种邪恶力量，病人或其亲戚将会请一位“歌唱者”举行一场治疗仪式，通过这种仪式将邪恶力量吸引过去)。故选B。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第三段:Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstronglikeit(通过这种方式，那些邪恶的力量都将被病人吸取，最终病人的身体会变得强健)。故选A。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:ThematerialusedareeasilyfoundintheareastheNavahoinhabit:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichispulverizedbybeingcrushedbetween2stonesmuchascornsisgroundintoflour(所用材料在纳瓦霍人居住地范围内很容易获得。通过两块石头将棕色、红色、黄色和白色的沙石研磨成粉状，就像将玉米研磨成粉状一样)。故选C。

5.主旨大意题。文章以纳瓦霍人的传统为例，详细讨论了沙画是如何在治疗疾病方面发挥作用。故选B。

3.单选题

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.

1.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

3.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate（

）.

4.Norway'sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.helplittletoreducegenderbias

B.poseathreattothestategovernment

C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics

D.greatlybroadencareeroptions

问题2选项

A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.

B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

问题3选项

A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision

B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees

C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations

D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions

问题4选项

A.theunderestimationofelitewomen'srole

B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards

C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard

D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement

问题5选项

A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.

B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.

C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.

D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.态度题。纵观全文，文章一直在论述该法案，在最后一段作者提出了自己的想法，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可见作者对此法案采取否定态度，A“helplittletoreducegenderbias对减少性别偏见没什么帮助”为同义替换的正确选项。

2.细节题。根据题干中的关键词Californiameasures定位到原文第五段第二句，BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,...courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatetheconstitutionalguaranteeof...violate违反宪法，选项Cagainst替换violate为正确选项。

3.例证题。根据题干中catalyst替换到第七段，论点为上一句Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernment

interference.在没有政府干预的情况下，公司董事会中的妇女人数一直在稳步增加。可见D选项theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions政府干预的不必要性正确。

Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE4.细节题。根据Norway定位到倒数第三段第一句，要求将性别作为董事会成员的主要资格，必然会导致私营部门董事会减少。紧接着下文说董事会成员的机会越来越多，却没有合格的女性来担任董事会成员，由此可见会有不合格的人进入董事会，正确答案为选项C“不合格候选人进入董事会”。

5.推断题。B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making，由最后一段可知，下次有人把企业配额作为促进性别平等的一种方式。请记住，这些基本上都是自私自利的措施，让他们的赞助商感觉良好，但其实并没有什么帮助。由此可知该政策并不可取，正确答案为选项B“可行性应是决策的首要考虑因素”。

4.单选题

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

问题1选项

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，……那个他要做的手术。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“决定不”；goonwith“继续”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根据“withhisbrowsknitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

ChlorineisamainstayinmostswimmingpoolsintheUnitedStates,andisusedtoeradicatebacteria.Abacteria-freepoolwillusuallyensurethatswimmerswon'tcontractaseriousillnessiftheyspendtimein,andpossiblyingest,thewater.Whenchlorineisaddedtopoolwater,achemicalreactionoccurswherebythechlorinebreaksdownintoalegionchemicalsthatcombinetokillbacteriathatmaybeinthewater.Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.Thischemicalreactiondoesn’toccurimmediately-individualcomponentswithinchlorinetakevaryingamountsoftimetointeractwiththebacteria,creatinganalmosttime-release-typeofkillinthepoolwater.

Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.Astheyreact,thehypochlorousacidandhypochloriteioncombinetocreateaparticularacceptablepHlevelinthepoolwater.ApHisameasureofthealkalinityandaciditypresent;apHvalueof7representsaneutralvalue,and7.4isthepHvalueofthehumantear.ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.Asthechemicalsinchlorinecompletetheirreactions,theybreakdownandarenolongereffectiveinkeepingthepoolwaterneutralized.Additionalchlorinemustbeaddedtowateratspecifictimes.Outdoorpoolsthatareindirectsunlightneedtohavewateraddedmoreoftenbecausethechemicalreactiontimeforchlorineisincreasedanditseffectivenessisreducedintheseconditions.Sincethehypochloriteionisanespeciallypotentchemicalcapableoffadingfabricsandpaint,mostpeoplearemeticulousaboutrinsingchlorinefrompotentiallyaffectedareas.Althoughchlorineisinexpensiveandwidelyavailable,somepeoplefindthebleachsmelltoberepugnantandthedistinctaromapresentatmanyswimmingpoolstobeoverwhelming.Thesepeoplemaynotbeabletoenjoyaquaticpursuitsinthosepoolsthatemploychlorineasacleansingagent.Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.

1.Accordingtothepassage,astablepHvalueinpoolwaterisdependentuponwhichofthefollowing

（

）.

2.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto

（

）.

3.Basedonthepassage,whichstatementisprobablyNOTtrueofchlorine?

4.TheauthorincludestheinformationaboutthepHofhumantearsmainlyto（

）.

5.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutchlorineEXCEPTthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Ensuringthatthereisonlyaminimumamountofbacteriainthewater

B.Monitoringandaddingchlorinewhenwarranted

C.Payingcloseattentiontothereactionsofchemicalsinthepoolwater

D.Ensuringthatwaterisprotectedfromdirectsunlight

问题2选项

A.offeranunbiasedopinionofchlorine，sefficacy

B.provideanargumentforusingchlorine

C.discussthechemicalreactiontakingplacewithinapool

D.showhowchlorinecankeeppoolwatersafe

问题3选项

A.Itcanbeharmfulifswallowed.

B.Occasionalhighlevelsinpoolwaterareprobablynotharmful.

C.Itcankillmostcommontypesofpoolwaterbacteria.

D.Apool’ssizewilldictatetheamountneeded.

问题4选项

A.givethereaderabaseofreference

B.provideavisualimageforthereader

C.personalizethepassagetoenhanceinterest

D.answerthereader’santicipatedquestion

问题5选项

A.chlorine'sefficacyisaffectedbysunlight

B.chlorineismadeupoftwochemicals:hypochlorousacidandhypochlorineion

C.chlorineisusuallysaidtobemalodorous

D.chlorinelevelsmustberoutinelyassessedinpoolwater

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第二段“Chlorinemustberegularlyreplenished.氯必须定期补充”及“ThepHratiomustberegularlymonitoredtoensureaconsistentoptimumrate-oneusuallykeptwithinthespectrumof7to8asmeasuredbyareliablepHmeasuringkit.必须定期监测pH值比，以确保一致的最佳速率-通常保持在一个可靠的pH值测量试剂盒测量的7至8的光谱范围内。”可知B项“必要时监测并加氯”符合题意。

2.作者意图题。由第一段“Thesechemicals,specificallyhypochlorousacidandhypochloriteion,eliminatebacteriabyannihilatingandthenoxidizingtheabhorrentcells.Whenthischemicalreactionoccurs,thebacteriaarerenderedessentiallyharmless.这些化学物质，特别是次氯酸和次氯酸盐离子，通过消灭和氧化可恶的细胞来消灭细菌。当这种化学反应发生时，细菌基本上是无害的。”可知作者主要是想介绍氯气是如何确保泳池干净和安全的。

3.推理判断题。定位到最后一段“Otherpeoplemayfindthatinhalingchlorineatthehighlevelspresentaroundsomepoolsmaybedifficulttotolerate.Stillothersmayexperienceskinirritationafterswimminginapoolcontainingchlorine.Althoughthereareotherchemicalsandcompoundsavailabletocleanswimmingpools,theymaybeprohibitivelyexpensiveorincapableofkillingalltypesofbacteriapresentinthewater.其他人可能会发现，吸入一些泳池周围高浓度的氯可能很难忍受。还有一些人在含有氯的游泳池游泳后可能会感到皮肤刺激。虽然有其他化学物质和化合物可以用来清洁游泳池，但它们可能昂贵得令人望而却步，或者无法杀死水中存在的所有类型的细菌。”可知有些人吸入一些泳池周围高浓度的氯可能很难忍受。故B项“偶尔泳池里的氯含量高可能是无害的。”表述错误。

4.推理判断题。作者通过举例直观地解释PH值的知识，让读者有一些了解

5.细节事实题。根据对本文第二段的理解，一旦氯气在太阳光下，那么它的有效性就会降低，而第一段指出氯气中发生反应的化学元素主要是次氯酸和次氯酸离子，但这无法推理出就仅仅只有这两种物质，B项“氯由两种化学物质组成：次氯酸和低氯离子”答案过于绝对。

6.单选题

Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,workbeganonacrucialsectionoftherailwaylineconnectingBostontotheHudsonRiver.Theadditionwould（1）fromGreenfield,Massachusetts,toTroy,NewYork,anditrequiredtunnelling（2）HoosacMountain,a（3）impediment,nearlyfivemilesthick,thatblockedthe（4）betweentheDeerfieldValleyandatributaryoftheHudson.

JamesHayward,oneofNewEngland’sleadingrailroadengineers,estimatedthatpenetratingtheHoosacwouldcost,（5），averymanageabletwomilliondollars.ThepresidentofAmherstCollege，（6）geologist，saidthatthemountainwascomposedofsoftrockand（7）tunnellingwouldbefairlyeasy（8）theengineershadbreachedthesurface.“TheHoosacisbelievedtobetheonlybarrierbetweenBostonandthePacific，”theproject’spromoter,AlvahCrocker,（9）.

Everyonewaswrong.DiggingthroughtheHoosacturnedouttobea（10）Theprojectcostmorethantentimesthebudgeted（11）Ifthepeopleinvolved（12）thetruenatureofthechallengestheyfaced，theywouldneverhavefundedtheTroy-Greenfieldrailroad.（13），hadtheynot，thefactoriesofnorthwesternMassachusettswouldn’thavebeenabletoshiptheirgoodssoeasilytotheexpandingWest,the（14）offreightwouldhaveremainedstubbornlyhigh,andthestateofMassachusettswouldhavebeen（15）poorer.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.run

C.derive

D.range

问题2选项

A.beyond

B.over

C.around

D.through

问题3选项

A.miraculous

B.massive

C.redundant

D.collective

问题4选项

A.framework

B.partition

C.interaction

D.passage

问题5选项

A.atpresent

B.atleast

C.atmost

D.inparticular

问题6选项

A.anideal

B.afulfilled

C.adelighted

D.anaccomplished

问题7选项

A.that

B.whether

C.how

D.where

问题8选项

A.once

B.while

C.since

D.lest

问题9选项

A.declined

B.detected

C.declared

D.denied

问题10选项

A.fantasy

B.possibility

C.nightmare

D.feat

问题11选项

A.estimate

B.finance

C.operation

D.clearance

问题12选项

A.haveknown

B.hadknown

C.wouldknow

D.knew

问题13选项

A.And

B.Or

C.But

D.Thus

问题14选项

A.storage

B.maintenance

C.delivery

D.cost

问题15选项

A.incurably

B.immeasurably

C.impossibly

D.immediately

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:C

第11题:A

第12题:B

第13题:C

第14题:D

第15题:B

【解析】（1）考查动词词义辨析。spread“传播”；run“经营；奔跑；使延展”；derive“源于；获得”；range“（在一定范围内）变动”。文章第一句提到”19世纪中期，连接波士顿和哈德逊河的一段重要铁路开始动工”。根据关键信息Greenfield,toTroy可知该铁路是从格林菲尔德延伸至特洛伊，因此选项B符合题意。

（2）考查介词词义辨析。beyond“超过，越过”；over“在……上面”；around“在……周围”；through“穿过，通过”。空格处所在句子的大意是修建这段铁路需要穿过Hoosac山的隧道，因此选项D符合题意。

（3）考查形容词词义辨析。miraculous“不可思议的”；massive“大量的”；redundant“多余的，过剩的”；collective“集体的，共同的”。前面提到修建铁路需要穿过Hoosac山，a______impediment是HoosacMountain的同位语，因此四个形容词中只有选项B符合题意。

（4）考查名词词义辨析。framework“框架；结构”；partition“划分，分开”；interaction“相互作用，相互影响”；passage“（建筑物）通道；路段”。空格处所在句子的大意是Hoosac山阻碍了DeerfieldValley与哈德逊河一个支流的连接，因此选项D符合题意。

（5）考查介词词组辨析。atpresent“目前，现在”；atleast“至少”；atmost“至多”；inparticular“尤其，特别”。空格处所在句子主要讲述了工程师JamesHayward认为打通Hoosac山的花费至多两百万美元，因此选项C符合题意。

（6）考查形容词词义辨析。ideal“理想的”；fulfilled“满足的”；delighted“高兴的；令人愉快的”；accomplished“完成的；熟练的”。空格处缺失的单词作为名词geologist(地质学家)的定语，选项D符合题意。

（7）考查连接词的使用。空格处后是一个完整的句子，且不缺成分，所以可以判断空格处需要填入一个连接词引导一个从句，连接词不做任何成分，做said的宾语，所以是一个宾语从句。再根据句意可知选项A符合题意。

（8）考查连词词义辨析。once“一旦”；while“与……同时”；since“自……以来；因为”；lest“唯恐，以免”。空格处所在句子的大意是一旦工程师们打通了山体表面，穿过Hoosac山的隧道就变得容易了。因此可知选项A符合题意。

（9）考查动词词义辨析。decline“下降；谢绝”；detect“察觉；发现”；declare“宣布；声明”；deny“否认；拒绝”。空格处所在句子的大意是铁路的赞助者AlvahCrocker宣称Hoosac被认为是波士顿和太平洋之间唯一的阻碍，根据句意可知选项C符合题意。

（10）考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想；幻觉”；possibility“可能性”；nightmare“噩梦”；feat“功绩，壮举”。前面提到开通隧道是件容易的事情，但是根据everyonewaswrong可知事情进行得并不顺利，因此选项C符合题意：开凿Hoosac山非常艰难，像噩梦一般。

（11）考查词义辨析。estimate“估算”；finance“供给经费”；operation“操作”；clearance“清除”。前面提到这个项目估计花费200万美元，但实际上比估算的要多出十倍，因此选项A符合题意。

（12）考查虚拟语气。根据后半句话theywouldneverhavefundedtheTroy-Greenfieldrailroad（他们绝不会资助这个项目），可知这句话表示的是与过去事实相反，因此选项B符合题意。

（13）考查逻辑关系。前面一句提到假如这些人知道这个项目如此艰难，他们就不会投资这个项目，而此句提到如果没有这些人提供资金，马萨诸塞州西北部的工厂就不可能如此轻易地将货物运送到西部，这两句话前后是一个转折关系，因此选项C符合题意。

（14）考查名词词义辨析。storage“存储，仓库”；maintenance“维护，维修”；delivery“递送”；cost“费用，成本，代价”。根据关键信息remainedstubbornlyhigh此处讲述的是运输成本非常高，因此选项D符合题意。

（15）考查副词词义辨析。incurably“治不好地”；immeasurably“无限地，广大无边地”；impossibly“不可能地”；immediately“立即；立刻”。前面提到如果没有那些人的资金支持，马萨诸塞州西北部的工厂就不可能如此轻易地将货物运送到西部，而当地肯定也会变得越来越穷，因此选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

问题1选项

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查动词的用法。A选项regret“感到遗憾，惋惜，后悔”，B选项sympathize“同情，赞同，支持”，C选项beg“恳求，祈求，哀求”，D选项apologize“道歉，谢罪，认错”。句意：很抱歉我们不能参加9月18日的招待会。因此，D选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Thiswillmakeartgroupsmoredirectlyandeffectively（）toaudiences,andmoreresponsivetotheircriticismsandwishes.

问题1选项

A.available

B.accountable

C.subjected

D.submitted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项available“可获得的”；B选项accountable“有责任的，可解释的”；C选项subjected“使遭受”；D选项submitted“递交，主张”。句意“这将使艺术团体更直接和有效地与观众接触，并对他们的批评和愿望作出更积极的回应。”选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas（）disintegration.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onthegroundof“以……为理由，因为”；B选项onthetopof“在……的顶部，在……之上”；C选项inthelightof“根据，按照”；D选项onthevergeof“濒临于，接近于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会处于解体的_____。这里表示的是奴隶社会濒临解体的边缘，因此D选项符合题意。

10.单选题

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

问题1选项

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗长的”；B选项subordinate“从属的；次要的”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的”；D选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”。句意：只是因为我是他的下属，我的老板就认为，他可以在对我没有表示任何尊敬的情况下把我差来差去。根据句意可知B选项正确。

11.单选题

Singaporehasonly226squaremilesofkind,butitstandsforemostamongthenationsofSouthEastAsiainhaving（）.

问题1选项

A.anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%

B.maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%

C.maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate

D.6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子结构辨析。A选项anannualgrowthratemaintainedofover6%“经济年均增长保持在6%以上”；B选项maintainedanannualeconomicgrowthrateofover6%“保持年均经济增长6倍以上”；C选项maintainedover6%ofannualeconomicgrowthrate“经济增速保持在6%以上”；D选项6%ofannualgrowthrateofeconomicsmaintained“经济保持年均6%的增长速度”。句意：新加坡只有226平方英里的土地，但它在东南亚国家中拥有重要的地位……，结合句意，可知选项C正确。

12.单选题

MarkpursuedElizabethwithgentlemanners,butwasstillrepelled.

问题1选项

A.heldup

B.heldoff

C.heldto

D.heldin

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。repel表示“抵制”；A项holdup“举起，阻拦”，B项holdoff“拖延，不接近”，C项holdto“坚持，紧握”，D项holdin“抑制，约束”。句意：尽管马克用温和的口吻极力劝说伊丽莎白，但仍然被拒绝了。根据句意该题选A。

13.单选题

Anothertrendofthe1990sinthecomputerindustryistowardmultimediaformats,asthemarketforconventionaltypesofcomputer—thosethathavecomputationanddataprocessingastheirmajorfunctions—hasbeguntobecomesaturated.Multimediacomputersaresystemsthatcanprocessgraphics,sound,video,andanimationinadditiontotraditionaldataprocessing,Videocassetterecorders,televisions,telephones,andaudiocassetteplayershaverecentlyundergoneachangeintechnologyfromanalogtodigitalformats.Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot.Inotherwords,digitalvideoimagescanbezoomedupordown,reshaped,orrearrangedbytheappropriatesoftware.Also,duetoadvancesinvideo-signalcompressiontechnology,thememoryspacerequiredforstoringavideoprogramhasbeengreatlyreduced.

Multimediahasimportantapplicationsforconsumerproductsandforbusinessneeds.Videoscenesthatarecapturedbycamcorderscanbecombinedwithtext,sound,anddataandcanbeviewedontelevisionsetsinhomes,schools,oroffices.Thesemultimediapresentationsarebecomingusefuleducationalandcommercialtools.Forexample,thereareavailableencyclopediasthatcontainvideoprogramsdepictinganimalbehavior,geoinorphicprocessing,andothernaturalphenomena.Automobilemechanicscanwatchvideosthatdemonstratehowtorepairnewmodels.Inbusinessapplications,documentscanbeannotatedwithvoiceorvideo.Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused.CD-ROMsofnumerousothersubjectshavebeenrecentlypublished;allofthemcanbeviewedonTVmonitorsusingmultimediacomputers.Thesemultimediacomputersystemscan,inturn,beincorporatedintocomputernetworks,enhancingtheeffectivenessofcommunication.

Thismultitudeofnewproductsandcapabilitieshasbeenmadepossiblebythetremendousprogressofmicroprocessortechnology.Becauseoftheadvancesinthisarea,personalcomputershavebecomemorepowerful,smaller,andlessexpensive,whichhasenabledcomputernetworkstoproliferate.Manyofthetasksthatweretraditionallyperformedbymainframeshavebeentransferredtopersonalcomputersconnectedtocommunicationsnetworks.Althoughthemainframe,continuestobeproducedandservesausefulpurpose,ithasbeenusedmoreoftenasoneofmanydifferentcomputersandperipheraldevicesconnectedtocomputernetworks.Inthisnewrole,thefunctionofmainframesaspowerfulprocessorsofdatabasesystemsisbecomingimportant,and,asaresult,massivelyparallelcomputerswithhundredsorthousandsofmicroprocessorsarebeingproduced.Inadditiontobeingpowerful,themicroprocessorsusedforthispurposemustbeinexpensivebutlowcostscanbeachievedonlyiftheyaremass-produced.Throughouttheworld,morethan100,000,000personalcomputersand500,000workstationsareinuse,whereasonlyseveralhundredsupercomputersareinoperation;thenumbersofmainframesandminicomputersfallsomewherebetweenthoseofsupercomputersandworkstations.Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeproduction,microprocessorsforpersonalcomputersorworkstationstendtobeinexpensiveandareavailableforuseinmassivelyparallelcomputersaswell.

1.Multimediacomputers（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“annotated”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.canprocessanythingbutdigitaldata

B.canevenprocesstelevisionimages

C.arerarelyusedineducation

D.havefewbusinessapplications

问题2选项

A.explained

B.forwarded

C.prepared

D.presented

问题3选项

A.themarketformultimediacomputershasbecomesaturated

B.mostmainframeshavebeentransformedintopersonalcomputers

C.mostpersonalcomputershavebecomemuchmorepowerfulthanmainframes

D.thelowcostsofmicroprocessorshavebeenachievedthankstothehigh-volumeproduction

问题4选项

A.MultimediaComputers

B.MicroprocessorTechnology

C.ComputerNetworks

D.ChangingRoleofComputers

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“多媒体计算机……”。文章第一段提到“例如，电视画面一旦被转化成数字信号，那么它就能被电脑程序处理，但是传统模拟信号不可以”（Televisionimages,forexample,canbeprocessedbycomputerprogramsoncetheyhavebeenconvertedtodigitalsignals,whilethoseinconventionalanalogsignalscannot），因此选项B符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段划线词annotated的意思是……”。文章第二段提到“新的消费产品可以通过展示它们如何使用这种方法来更有效地营销”(Newconsumerproductscanbemoreeffectivelymarketedbydemonstratinghowtheycanbeused)，由此可推测annotated有“解释”的意思，选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过这篇文章……”。文章最后一段提到“由于这种大批量生产，用于个人计算机或工作站的微处理器往往比较便宜，也可以用于大规模并行计算机中”（Becauseofsuchhigh-volumeprodu