考研考博-英语-北京汇佳职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京汇佳职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinstatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.Thereforetheaccident,thoughavoidablehadtheswitchmenactedcarefully,wasa“pureaccident”.Ineffectarailroadcouldneverbeheldresponsibleforinjurytooneemployeecausedbythemistakeofanother.

InonecasewhereaPennsylvaniaRailroadworkerhadstartedafireatawarehouseandthefirehadspreadseveralblocks,causingwidespreaddamage,ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturnedthejury’sdecisionbecauseitarguedthattherailroad’snegligencewastheimmediatecauseofdamageonlytothenearestbuildings.Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider.

Asthecenturyworeon,publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousness（无情）towardindividuals.

1.Whatdoestheword“negligence”meaninthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinFarwell’scase?

3.Whatmusthavehappenedafterthefirecasewassettledincourt?

4.ThefollowingarousedpublicresentmentEXCEPT（）.

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ignorance

B.arrogance

C.carelessness

D.depression

问题2选项

A.Farwellwouldnothavebeeninjurediftheswitchmanhadbeenmorecareful.

B.Thecourtarguedthatthevictimhadacceptedtherisksincehehadwillinglytakenhisjob.

C.Thecourtdecidedthattherailroadshouldnotbeheldresponsible.

D.Farwellwasinjuredbecausehenegligentlyranhisengineoffthetrack.

问题3选项

A.Therailroadcompensatedforthedamagetotheimmediatebuildings.

B.Therailroadcompensatedforallthedamagebythefire.

C.Therailroadpaidnothingforthedamagedbuilding.

D.Therailroadworkerpaidforthepropertydamagehimself.

问题4选项

A.politicalpower

B.highfares

C.economicloss

D.indifference

问题5选项

A.RailroadoppressingindividualsintheUS.

B.HistoryoftheUSrailroads.

C.Railroadworkers’workingrights.

D.Lawcasesconcerningtherailroads.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据题干“negligence”定位至第三段：Mr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman’snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack（法威尔先生是铁路公司的一名工程师，由于一名扳道工因negligence而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手）。由此推测negligence意为疏忽，过失。ignorance无知，愚昧，arrogance傲慢，carelessness粗心，疏忽，depression沮丧；经济大萧条。据此可知，C项正确。

2.文章第三段指明是一位扳道工由于疏忽而导致机车脱离轨道，法威尔失去了右手，而非法威尔本人。D项的说法错误。

3.题干问的是法院对火灾案的判决结果。第四段指出：ajuryfoundthecompanyresponsibleforallthedamage.Butthecourtoverturned...Beyondthemtheconnectionwastooremotetoconsider（陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而离得较远的房屋的损失则不在赔偿范围）。因此，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失。

4.根据题干关键词resentment定位至最后一段：Publicsentimentbegantoturnagainsttherailroads—againsttheireconomicandpoliticalpowerandhighfaresaswellasagainsttheircallousnesstowardindividuals（公众舆论开始反对铁路公司——反对他们在经济和政治上的权力、高票价以及他们对个人的冷漠无情。据此可知，C选项“经济损失”不包括在里面。

5.本文主要讨论的是与铁路公司有关的法律案件。

2.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

3.单选题

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

问题2选项

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

问题3选项

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

问题4选项

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense这种策略通常是实现另一个社区的代价,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通过这种做法带来的就业和相关收入的转移，一个城镇的胜利可能成为另一个城镇的悲剧”，可知，在八十年代以前，经济的发展都是本地化的，只能为自己所在的社区带来经济利益。C项“它们可以为它们所处的地区提供真正的经济利益。”正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企业只雇佣了一小部分受过专门训练的制造劳动力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土产业和人才被留在国内，创造了一个既提供就业又促进进一步创业的环境”。可知作者是对本土的企业持有比较乐观的态度。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs这种办法比夺走其他地理地区的工作而使其受害要好”可知与B项“它不会牺牲一个当地劳动力的利益而使另一个劳动力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要目的在于通过讲解三种不同的经济发展策略，告诉读者哪种发展策略优势比较明显，同时三种发展策略对经济有哪些好的促进作用。故D项“审查和评估用于刺激经济发展的战略和方案。”符合题意。

4.单选题

Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.

问题1选项

A.valuable

B.worthwhile

C.priceless

D.precious

【答案】A

【解析】valuable有价值的；worthwhile值得的；priceless无价的；precious珍贵的。句意：随着股价上涨20%，该公司成为全县第二大最有价值的科技公司。选项A符合句意。

5.翻译题

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（检索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinventionofprintingfrommovabletypein1450,followedbythedevelopmentofphotographyandtelephony,andculminatinginthemassproductionofelectronicdigitalcomputersinthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.Newtechnologiesforpreservingandtransmittingauralandvisualinformationhavefurtherenhancedinformationprocessing.

【答案】信息处理即对信息的获取、组织、检索、展示及传播。这个术语近年来一直经常专门用于电脑运行。从1450年发明了活字印刷技术开始，随后又开发出摄影技术和电话技术，最终于二十世纪下半叶批量生产电子计算机形成顶峰，人类信息记录、信息存储及信息复制能力在过去的几百年间已经取得了巨大的进展。用于储存和传输视频及音频信息的新技术已经进一步加强了信息处理能力。

6.单选题

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

问题1选项

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

问题2选项

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

问题3选项

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

问题4选项

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

问题5选项

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】36.【选项释义】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.结合第二封信，我们可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.审稿人1

B.Referee2B.审稿人2

C.EditorC.编辑

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和讨论部分，相关的参考文献似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信对referee2的描述“讨论的重点不明确，也没有包括一些重要的相关出版物（relevantpublications）”，我们可以推测出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

37.【选项释义】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根据第一封信，提交的论文会被接受吗？

A.No.A.不会。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不会，建议作者向其他杂志投稿。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建议拒绝这篇论文（rejected），但相信经过大量修改后，它可能适合您的期刊”，可知，提交的论文会被拒绝，而且需要大量修改。因此，该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B、C选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D选项中“建议作者向其他杂志投稿”没提到，属于无中生有。

38.【选项释义】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.两位审稿人都同意论文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的问题

B.well-writtenB.写的很好

C.overlydelicateC.过于精细

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很关注

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据LetterTwo中两位referee对方法部分的描述，referee1认为“方法部分没有提供足够的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2认为“方法部分有不足之处（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；综合理解可知，两位审稿人都认为论文方法部分信息不足，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

C、D选项没有提及，属于无中生有。

39.【选项释义】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.与审稿人1不同的是，审稿人2也在结论部分强调了一些要点，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要统计分析来支持强烈的正相关”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“阐述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更关注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“强调其在非西方国家的开拓性”

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位LetterTwo中对referee2的描述，根据最后一句“你论文中的工作实际上是第一个在欧洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同类研究，这一点应该得到强调（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，审稿人2认为应该强调论文中的研究实际上是除欧洲和北美之外的关于这方面的第一个研究，D项与原文表达相同。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合原文，属于曲解原文。

40.【选项释义】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的论文将______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一轮同行评审

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.还可能受到额外的审稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中没有提到

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要额外的审稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改论文后可能还有其他的审稿程序，C项与原文表达相同。因此，该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的“同行评审”没有提到，属于无中生有；

B选项与原文相反，属于反向干扰；

D选项也属于反向干扰，文中提到了这一点。

7.单选题

The（

）bonesofanelderlypersonmayfractureeasily.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.brittle

C.dense

D.firm

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项slender“细长的，苗条的”；B选项brittle“脆弱的”；C选项dense“稠密的”；D选项firm“坚定的”。句意：老年人脆弱的骨头可能容易折断。选项B符合句意。

8.问答题

ThequestionIamaskedmostoftennowadaysisthis:arewebackto2008andanotherglobal

A

financialcrisisandrecession?Myanswerisastraightforwardno,butthattherecentepisodeof

B

C

globalfinancialmarketturmoilisliketobemoreseriousthananyperiodofvolatilityandrisk-off

D

behaviorsince2009.

【答案】试题答案：D;likely

【解析】考查固定搭配。belikelyto意为“可能”。

9.单选题

Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.AstheLancetputitrecently:“Whenwetrytodescribefacespreciselywordsfailus,andweresorttoidentikit(拼脸型图)procedures.”

Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendousfeat,though,curiouslyenough,relativelylittleattentionhasbeendevotedtothefundamentalproblemsofhowandwhyweacquirethisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.Isitaninbornpropertyofourbrains,oranacquiredone?Assooftenhappens,theexpertstendtodiffer.

Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.Insupportofthisthesetheynotehowmuchbetterweareatrecognizingafaceafterasingleencounterthanweare,forexample,inrecognizinganindividualhorse.Ontheotherhand,therearethose,andtheyareprobablyinthemajority,whoclaimthatthegiftisanacquiredone.

Theargumentsinfavorofthislatterview,itmustbeconfessed,areimpressive.Itisahabitthatisacquiredsoonafterbirth.Watch,forinstance,howaquiteyoungbabyrecognizeshismemberbysight.Grantedthathisothersenseshelp-thesoundothervoice,hissenseofsmell,thedistinctivewayshehandleshim.

Butofallthese,sightispredominant.Formedattheverybeginningoflife,theabilitytorecognizefacesquicklybecomesanestablishedhabit,andonethatis,essentialfordailyliving,ifnotnecessarilyforsurvival.Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.

Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.Withtypicalhumaningenuitymanyoftheseunfortunatepeopleovercometheirhandicapbyrecognizingothercharacteristicfeatures.

1.Itisstatedinthepassagethat（）.

2.Whattheauthorfeelsstrangeaboutisthat（）.

3.Whatisthefirstsuggestedexplanationoftheoriginoftheability?

4.Accordingtothepassage,howimportantistheabilitytorecognizefaces?

5.Thispassageseemstoemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.itisunusualforapersontobeabletoidentifyafacesatisfactorily

B.theabilitytorecognizefacesunhesitatinglyisanunusualgift

C.quitafewpeoplecanvisualizefacestheyhaveseen

D.fewpeoplecangiveexactdetailsoftheappearanceofaface

问题2选项

A.peoplehavethetremendousabilitytorecognizemorethan1,000faces

B.peopledon’tthinkmuchoftheproblemofhowandwhyweacquiretheabilitytorecognizeandrememberfaces

C.peopledon’trealizehowessentialandvaluableitisforthemtohavetheabilitytorecognizefaces

D.peoplehavebeenarguingmuchoverthewaypeoplerecognizeandremember

问题3选项

A.Itisoneofthecharacteristicspeculiartohumanbeings.

B.Itisacquiredsoonafterbirth.

C.Itissomethingwecandofromtheverymomentweareborn.

D.Itislearnedfromourenvironmentandexperiences.

问题4选项

A.Itisusefulindailylifebutisnotnecessarilyessential.

B.Itsabsencewouldmakenormaleverydaylifeimpossible.

C.Undercertaincircumstanceswecouldnotexistwithoutit.

D.Normalsociallifewouldbedifficultwithoutit.

问题5选项

A.theabilitytorecognizeindividualsisdependentonothersensesaswellassight

B.sightisindispensabletorecognizingindividuals

C.theabilitytorecognizefacesisaspecialinbornabilityofthebrain

D.theimportanceoftheabilityofrecognizingfacesisfullyappreciatedbypeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据选项和题干关键词定位到第一段第一句Thegiftofbeingabletodescribeafaceaccuratelyisarareone,aseveryexperiencedpoliceofficerknowstohiscost.（能准确地描述一个人的面容这种天赋是很罕见的，每一个有经验的警官都知道这一点。）因此D选项“很少有人能给出一张脸的外貌的确切细节”正确。A选项“一个人能令人满意地辨认人脸是不寻常的”不够准确；B选项“毫不犹豫地识别面孔的能力是一种不寻常的天赋”是推断出来的，而不是文章直接的陈述；C选项“有些人能想象他们所见过的面孔”不是原文所提到的。

2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的第二句This,whenonecomestothinkofit,isatremendous...thisgiftforrecognizingandrememberingfaces.（然而，奇怪的是，对于我们是如何以及为什么会有这种识别和记忆面孔的天赋这一基本问题，却鲜有人关注。）因此B选项“人们很少思考我们是如何以及为什么获得识别和记忆面孔的能力的”正确。A选项“人们有惊人的能力来识别超过1000张面孔”，在第二段第一句话Yet,accordingtooneauthorityonthesubject,wecaneachprobablyrecognizemorethan1,000faces,themajorityofwhichdifferinfinedetails.（然而，据某专家称，我们每个人可能都能识别1000多张面孔，其中大多数在细节上都有所不同。）是专家说的，并不是作者觉得好奇的；C选项“人们没有意识到识别面孔的能力对他们来说是多么重要和有价值”，文章没有提到；D选项“人们一直在争论人们认识和记忆的方式”，这个也不是作者觉得好奇的点。

3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Thus,somearguethatitisinborn,andthatthereare“specialcharacteristicsaboutthebrain’sabilitytodistinguishfaces”.（因此，有些人认为这是天生的，“大脑区分面孔的能力有特殊的特点”。）因此C选项正确。A选项“是人类特有的特征之一”，B选项“它在出生后不久就获得了”，与原文不符；D选项“它是从我们的环境和经验中学来的”，这是另一种观点，但不是最先的。

4.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Howessentialandvaluableitisweprobablydonotappreciateuntilweencounterpeoplewhohavebeendeprivedofthefaculty.（它是多么重要和有价值，直到我们遇到那些被剥夺了能力的人，我们才会意识到。）因此可以推断出B选项“没有它，正常的日常生活就不可能了”正确。A选项“它在日常生活中是有用的，但不是必要的”与原文意思不符；C选项“在某些情况下，没有它我们就无法生存”，原文没有提及；D选项“没有它，正常的社会生活将很难”，属于过度推断。

5.推理判断题。根据选项关键词定位到最后一段Thisunfortunateinabilitytorecognizefamiliarfacesisknowntoall,butsuchpeoplecanoftenrecognizeindividualsbytheirvoices,theirwalkingmannersortheirspectacles.（这种不幸的无法识别大众都熟悉面孔的能力，但通常可以通过他们的声音、走路方式或眼镜来识别个人。）因此A选项“识别个体的能力不仅依赖视觉，还依赖其他感官”正确。B选项“视觉对于识别个体是必不可少的”，这个不是文章想要强调的；C选项“识别面孔的能力是大脑天生的一种特殊能力”，不符合文章意思；D选项“人们充分认识到人脸识别能力的重要性”，不是原文强调的；文章最后一段是想说明，哪怕有的人没有这种能力，他也可以通过其他的感官来感知。

10.单选题

"Toberootedisperhapsthemostimportantandleastrecognizedneedofthehumansoul."SimoneWeilarguedinthemid-twentiethcentury.Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends";SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.Whatisdifferentaboutmobileplaygroundsisthatmobiledevicesforcereallifeandvirtuallife(andrealplacesandvirtualplaces)totrytocoexistinawaytheyneverhavebefore.

Wewanttoseethisasagood,enablingthing—Icanfireoffthate-mailtotheofficeandthengetbacktorelaxingonmyvacation!—butitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday:evenonaweekend,youwillseeparentsengrossedintheiriPhonesandBlackBerryswhiletheirchildrenmakeincreasinglyloudbidsfortheirattention.TheNovember2,2009coverofTheNewYorkersadlyandbeautifullysatirizedthistrend:itshowsanillustrationofchildrenouttrick-or-treating,baskedintheglowofhouselights,whiletheirparentsbaskintheglowofthesmart-phoneinwhichtheyarerapt.Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.

Andwhenwedecidetoleavehomeentirely,wefinditdifficulttoleavethedemandsofworkbehind.Considerthecruiseshipindustry:everyyear,morethanthreemillionpeopleboardaCarnivalCruiseshiptotakeavacation.Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.Withtheirtwenty-four-hourInternetcafes,onboardWiFi,andanadvertisingcampaignthatfeaturesbikini-cladpatronsloungingondeckchairswithlaptopcomputers,CarnivalCruiseLineshasenthusiasticallyrespondedtothedemandsofpatronswhoseekanidealofmaritimeescapebutstillwanttochecktheire-mailseveraltimesaday.

This,too,isthestrangenewworldofleisure:neverdisconnected,andneverreallyfreefromthedemandsofdailylife.Notwithstandingallthetalkofmobility,wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways—nottoahometown,ortoaparticularsocialbackground,buttoourdevicesthemselvesandthefeelingofconnectiontheyprovide,whichweseeminglycannotsitstillwithout.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatcanwelearnaboutMySpaceandSecondLife?

2.Whensayingitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday,theauthormeansthat（

）.

3.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept

（

）.

4.Theword"tethered"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thispassageisintendedto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theyfunctionasreallifevenuesforentertainment.

B.Theydeservecreditforreflectingthehumansoul.

C.Asvirtualplaygrounds,theyresemblerealityintermsofplace.

D.Throughmobiledevices,theyrepresentengagementwithsociety.

问题2选项

A.smartphonesaretheculpritforthepoorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildren

B.responsibleparentsaresupposedtoengagetheirchildrenwithoutdooractivities

C.playgroundsaretheplacesforparentsandchildrentospendtimetogether

D.people'sindulgenceinstayingconnectedcanbewitnessedthere

问题3选项

A.peoplevacationingonCarnivalCruiseshipshaveaccesstotheInternettoday

B.eatingandgamblingaretheexclusivethingspeoplecanenjoyoncruiseships

C.CarnivalCruiseLinescatertovacationers'demandstostayincontactwithothers

D.people'sdesiretoremainconn