考研考博-英语-曲靖医学高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-曲靖医学高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.问答题

Hurricanes,housefires,cancer,white-waterraftingaccidents,planecrashes,viciousattacksindarkarchways.Nobodyasksforanyofit.Buttotheirsurprise,manypeoplefindthatenduringsuchanordealultimatelychangesthemforthebetter.Theiropinionmightbesomethinglikethis:“Iwishithadn’thappened,butI’mabetterpersonforit.”

Welovetohearthestoriesofpeoplewhohavebeentransformedbytheirtribulations,perhapsbecausetheytestify（1）apsychologicaltruth,onethatsometimesgetslostamidendlessreportsofdisaster;thereisabuilt—inhumancapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.Positivereactionstoprofoundlydisturbingexperiencesarenotlimitedtothetoughestorthebravest.Infact,roughlyhalfofthepeoplewhostrugglewithadversitysaythattheirliveshaveinsomewaysimproved.

InadarkroominQueens,NewYork,31-year-oldfashiondesignerTracyCyrbelievedshewasdying.Afewmonthsbefore,shehadstoppedtakingthepowerfulimmune-suppressingdrugsthatkeptherarthritis

（2）

check.Sheneveranticipatedwhatwouldhappen:awithdrawalreactionthateventuallyleftherintotalbodyagonyandneurologicalmeltdown.Theslightestmovement-tryingtoswallow,forexample-wasexcruciating.Eventhepressureofhercheckonthepillowwasalmostunbearable.

Cyrisnowimp-diagnosedwithjuvenilerheumatoidarthritisattheageoftwo,she’denduredthesymptomsandthetreatments(drugs,surgery)herwholelife.Butthistime,shewaswaypastherlimits,andnothingherdoctorsdidseemedtohelp.Eitherthediseasewasgoingtokillheror,prettysoon,she’dhavetokillherself.

Ashersleeplessnightsworeon,though,hersuicidalthoughtsbegantobeinterruptedbynewfeelingsofgratitude.Shewasstillinagony,butanewconsciousnessgrewstrongereachnight:anawesomesenseofliberation,combinedwithanall-encompassingfeelingofsympathyandcompassion.“Ifeltstripped（3）everythingI’deveridentifiedmyselfwith,”shesaidsixmonthslater.“EverythingIthoughtI’dknownorbelievedinwasuseless-time,money,self-image,perceptionthatwassoforcing.”

Withinafewmonths,shebegantobeabletomovemorefreely,thankstoacocktailofsteroidsandotherdrugs.Butasherphysicalstrengthcameback,shedidnotreturntoheroldwayofbeingasafeisty,demanding“sex-in-the-City,three-inch-stilettos-and-fishnets”girl.Nowquieterandmoretolerant,shemakesapointofbeingsubmissiveinatum-the-othercheekkindofway.Cyrstilltakesapharmacopoeiaofdrugseveryday,butshesaysthere’snoquestionthatherlifeisbetternow.“IfeltIhadbeenshownthesecretoflifeandwhywe’rehere,tobehappyandtonurtureotherlife.It’sthatsimple.”

Hermind-blowingexperiencecameasatotalsurprise.Butthatfeelingoftransformationisinsomewaystypical,saysRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinainCharlottewhocoinedtheterm“post-traumaticgrowth”，Hisstudiesofpeoplewhohaveenduredextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillnessshowthatmostfeeldazedandanxiousintheimmediateaftermath.Theyarepreoccupiedwiththeideathattheirliveshavebeenshattered.Afewpeoplearehauntedlongafterwardbymemoryproblems,sleeptroubleandsimilarsymptomsofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.ButTedeschiandothershavefoundthatformanypeople—perhapseventhemajoritylifeultimatelybecomesricherandmoregratifying.

Somethingsimilarhappenstomanypeoplewhoexperienceaterrifyingphysicalthreat.Inthatmoment,oursenseofinvulnerabilityispierced,andtheself-protectivementalarmorthatnormallystandsbetweenusandourperceptionsoftheworldistomaway.Oureverydaylifescriptsourhabits,self-perceptionsandassumptions-gooutthewindow,andwe’releftwitharawexperienceoftheworld.

Still,actuallyimplementingthesechanges,aswellasfullycomingtoterms（4）thenewreality,usuallytakesconsciouseffort.Beingwillingandabletotakeonthisprocessisoneofthemajordifferencesbetweenthosewhogrowthroughadversityandthosewhoaredestroyedbyit.

Eventually,theymayfindthemselvesfreedinwaystheyneverimagined.Survivorsoftensaytheybecomemoretolerantandforgiving

（5）others,capableofbringingpeacetoformerlytroubledrelationships.Theysaythatmaterialambitionssuddenlyseemedsillyandthepleasuresoffriendsandfamilybecameparamount-andthatthecrisisallowedthemtoreorganizelifeinlinewiththenewpriorities.

Peoplewhohavegrown（6）adversityoftenfeelmuchlessfear,despitethefrighteningthingsthey’vebeenthrough.Theyaresurprisedbytheirownstrength,confidentthattheycanhandlewhateverelselifethrowsatthem.“Peopledon’tsaythatwhattheywentthroughwaswonderful,nsaysTedeschi.“Theyweren’tmeaningtogrowfromit.Theywerejusttryingtosurvive.Butinretrospect,whattheygainedwasmorethantheyevenanticipated.”

InhisrecentbookSatisfaction,EmoryUniversitypsychiatristGregoryBenspointstoextremeenduranceathleteswhopushthemselvestotheirphysicallimitsfordaysatatime.Theycyclethroughthesamesequenceofsensationsasdotraumasurvivors;self-loss,confusionand,finally,anewsenseofmastery.Forultramarathoners,whoregularlyrun100-mileracesthatlastmorethan24hours,vomitingandhallucinatingarenormal.Afteradayandnightofrunningwithoutstoppingorsleeping,competitorssometimesforgetwhotheyareandwhatthey’redoing.

Butthefeelingofmasteringextraordinarydifficultymakesupforit,reportsHonolulubusinessmanRandyHavre.Havre,51,foundthisfeelingnearthesummitofMaunaKeanearly10yearsago.Hewasnearingtheendofa44-mileracethattookhimfromsealeveltothetopofthevolcano-averticalascentof13,766feet.Hewasonhiswaytosettingtheunofficialworldrecordfortheclimb,butthehighelevationwasstartingtoget

（

7）

him.

“Whenyougettoabout10,000feet,thingstendtogetalittleweirdbecauseoftheswellingandpressureonyourbrain,”hesays.“Abovethat,itgetsexponentiallyweirder.Irememberbustingoutcryingat12,000feet.Butifyoucanfinishthesethings,youknow;Hey,Icangetthroughthisstuff.Youwereabletohang

（8）

there,andyou’restrongerforthat.”

Theemotionalrewardcancompensateforthepainanddifficultyofadversity.Thisperspectivedoesnotcancel

（9）

whathappened,butitputsitallinadifferentcontext:thatit’spossibletoliveanextraordinarilyrewardinglifeevenwithintheconstraintsandstrugglesweface.Insomeformorother,saysKing,weallmustgo

（10）

thisrealization.“You’renotgoingtobethepersonyouthoughtyouwere,buthere’swhoyouaregoingtobeinstead-andthatturnsouttobeaprettygreatlife.”

Fillineachblankinthearticlewithanappropriatepreposition(介词).

Readthearticlecarefullyandexplainthemeaningofthewordsaccordingtothecontext.

tribulations(inparagraph2)

adversity(inparagraph2)

withdrawal(inparagraph3)

excruciating(inparagraph3)

wimp(inparagraph4)

aftermath(inparagraph7)

gratifying(inparagraph7)

paramount(inparagraph10)

hallucinating(inparagraph12)

exponentially(inparagraph14)

AccordingtoRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityNorthCarolinainCharlotte,thereisaphenomenoncalled“post-traumagrowth”.Whatdoesitmean?

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。testifyto意为“证明，证实”。

试题答案：to

2.考查介词搭配。arthritis意为“关节炎”，由前面句子的内容可知，几个月之前，她已停止服用强效的免疫抑制药物，that引导的是同位语从句，是对drugs进行补充说明，故可推测此处是用药物进行控制关节炎。incheck意为“在控制中”。

试题答案：in

3.考查介词搭配。stripof意为“剥夺”。

试题答案：of

4.考查介词搭配。由后面句子的内容可知，愿意并能够承担这一过程是那些在逆境中成长的人和被逆境摧毁的人之间的主要区别之一，故此处表示接受这个新的事实。termwith意为“接受”。

试题答案：with

5.考查介词搭配。此处表示对别人更加容忍和宽容。of意为“(表示对象)对于……”。

试题答案：of

6.考查介词搭配。adversity意为“逆境”，此处表示从困境中成长，from意为“从……中”。

试题答案：from

7.考查介词搭配。getto意为“到达，抵达”。

试题答案：to

8.考查介词搭配。由前后句子内容可知，如果完成这些事，你将会挺过去，变得更坚强，故此处表示坚持，hangin意为“不泄气，坚持下去”。

试题答案：in

9.考查介词搭配。由后面句子的内容“但它可以把这些苦难全部放在另一个背景中看待”，but表示转折，根据前面句子内容“情感上的回报可以弥补逆境带来的痛苦和苦难”，故此处表示精神上的收获不能抵消所发生的痛苦，cancelout“抵消”。

试题答案：out

10.考查介词搭配。gothrough意为“经历，经受”，此处表示我们必须经历这个认知。

试题答案：through

1.试题答案：苦难

2.试题答案：逆境，困境

3.试题答案：撤药，撤退

4.试题答案：极痛苦的

5.试题答案：懦弱的人，无用的人

6.试题答案：后果

7.试题答案：可喜的

8.试题答案：最高的，至上的

9.试题答案：令人满意的，令人欣慰的

10.试题答案：以指数方式

Itmeansaperson’slifebecomesricherandmoregratifyingafterenduringextremeeventslikecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillness.

2.单选题

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（）.

2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom（）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat（）.

4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

问题2选项

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

问题3选项

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

问题4选项

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

问题5选项

A.Theevolutionofmuseums

B.Collectionandcollectors

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下一段的内容可以推测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希腊语中)是献给缪斯的任何东西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。”由此可知选项D正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文句意：随着它们的增加和扩大，作为补充，造假者的技艺变得越来越精湛。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它们不是被“收藏”,而是“特定场地的”,被认为是建筑不可或缺的一部分。选项B符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“museum”一词的演变及其现代意义的由来，所以选项A最能概括本文主旨。

3.单选题

A_____lifestyleisonethatisgoingnowherefast:nonewemployment,nonewloveinterest,novolunteerwork,andnonewlife-changingcommitments.

问题1选项

A.soporific

B.lethargic

C.stagnant

D.lassitude

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“催眠的”，B项“慵懒的；没精打采的”，C项“停滞的；不发展的”，D项“倦怠；疲乏”。根据冒号后的内容：没有新的工作，没有新的爱好，没有志愿工作，没有新的改变生活的承诺，可知是一种停滞的生活方式。本句句意：停滞不前的生活方式是一种没有任何进展的生活方式：没有新的工作，没有新的爱情兴趣，没有志愿工作，没有新的改变生活的承诺。所以选C项。

4.单选题

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1997.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince2001,productivityhasincreasedby2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1988-1997average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBonPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,liebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish—“theworstsortofambulance-chasing.”

81.Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis（）.

82.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth（）.

83.Theauthorraisesthequestion“Whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because（）.

84.Whatdoestheword“blunter”(para.5,line6)mean?

85.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.notasgoodasitseems

B.atitsturningpoint

C.muchbetterthanitseems

D.neartocompleterecovery

问题2选项

A.excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

B.fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

C.meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

D.failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

B.hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

C.hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

D.liehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

问题4选项

A.reasonable

B.disturbed

C.moreinsensible

D.franker

问题5选项

A.Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

B.Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelpincreaseproductivity.

C.Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

D.Openingupnewmarketsmayincreasethecompanies’profitability.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.”中文翻译为：官方的统计数字有点令人气馁。故选A“没有看上去那么好”。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第二段“Thereis,asthetreasurysecretarysays,a‘disjunction’betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.”中文翻译：正如财政部长说的，生产力发生飞跃的商业传奇与统计数字所反映的情况之间存在着一种“脱节”。可知最佳答案为B选项“低于商人的预期”。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheypresidingoverisforreal.”中文翻译：商人们认为自己主持着生产力革命，但是要确定是否确有其事却更加困难，以及尾段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾。可以推断出答案选择B“他认为生产力革命并未奏效”。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:reasonable“合理的，公道的”；B:disturbed“打扰的：心烦意乱的”；C:moreinsensible“更无动于衷的”；D:franker“更直率的”。根据题干定位到原文第五段“BBDO’sAllenRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish.”中文翻译为：BBDO公司的艾伦•罗森希纳更加直率。他把许多重组咨询专家所做的工作视为垃圾，推测出blunter有“更直率的”含义，故选D。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据B选项“组织工作场所的新方法可以帮助提高生产力”可以定位到原文第三段“Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace—allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing—areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy.”中文翻译为：组织工作场所的新方法——所有那些重新设计和缩小规模的做法——只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一个方面的贡献……，根据C选项“降低成本并不能保证带来长期利润”可以定位到原文尾段“Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,choppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.”中文翻译为：他的同事，迈克•比尔说，太多的公司已用机械的方式进行重组，在没有充分考虑到长期赢利能力的情况下降低了成本。根据D选项“打通新市场可能增加公司的利润率”可以定位到原文第三段“Moreover,mostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.”中文翻译为：另外，公司的大部分改革都是为了赢利，而这种需求并不总是意味着提高生产力：转向新的市场或改善产品质量也会有同样的功效。只有A选项未在文中提及，符合题意。

5.单选题

Especiallyserious,forthedistortiontheycauseintheimageofaltruism,（

）compensationsintheformofsocialadvantagesorofpersonalorgrouppower,particularlyacceptedincountrieslikeSpainorItaly.

问题1选项

A.hadbeen

B.were

C.is

D.are

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句。表语especiallyserious提前，主句的主语是compensations，为可数名词复数形式，由从句部分可知时态为一般现在时，因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

ThoughonemayquestionthedegreetowhichtheCivilWarrepresentsamilestoneinwomen’spursuitofsocial,economic,andpoliticalequality,Leonard’srecentstudyhasexcelledthatofherpredecessorGinzbergindebunkingpersistentmythsaboutwomen’sprimaryrelationtothewarasweepingwidows,self-sacrificingwives,patrioticfiancees,andloyaldaughters.Leonardasksifthewartimeworkofnorthernwomeninfluencedpopularperceptionsofwomen’sabilities,andifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers.Findingintheaffirmative,shearguesthathomefrontactivitiesgeneratedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen,whileparticipationreinforcedtheirself-relianceandself-esteem.

Incontrasttoherpredecessors,whosawthewarastransformingtheideologyofbenevolence,Leonardfindsthatwomen’swarworkdrewheavilyupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.Itwasoncebelievedthatwartimebenevolenceheightenedchangesemerginginthe1850sbyreplacingtheantebellumideologyofgenderdifferenceandfemalemoralsuperioritywithanewideologyofgendersimilarityandamoremasculineethosofdisciplineandefficiency.Leonardassertsinsteadthatwhite,middle-class,Yankee,charitablewomenappropriatedtheantebellummoraldefinitionofwomanhoodand,inparticular,woman’suniquemoralresponsibilityformaintainingcommunityandhernaturalselflessnessandcaretakingabilities,toexpandtheboundariesofwoman’sproperplace.Withdeterminationandcourage,womenbroughtforthpositivechangesinpopularcharacterizationsofmiddle-classwomanhoodthatopenednewdoorsforwomenintheprofessionsandinpubliclife.

AweakpointofLeonard’stheoryisherassessmentofthethemesofpostwarhistoriesofwomen’swartimeservice.Leonardviewstheseworksasextollingwomen’sself-sacrificeandabilitytocooperatemenwhiledownplayingwomen’sdemandsforstatusandpayandignoringthescopeofwomen’sadministrativegenius.Butothertheorists,mostnotablyGinzbergthavearguedthatthesesameworksmayalsobeviewedaspraisingtheefficiencyofthenewcentralizedandnationalcharitableorganizations,women’swage-earningcapacity,andtheirsubordinationoffemininefeelingandenthusiasmtobusiness-likeandwar-likeroutinizationandorder.Twosetsofvalues—oldernotionsofbenevolenceandnewdemandsofpublicservice—wereatwarintheNorth,awarthatcanbeplottedthroughtensionsaboutpayingwages,centralizingcorporatefunctionsofbenevolence,relatingbenevolencetogovernment,andusingfundsforadministrative—asopposedtostrictlycharitable—purposes.Itmaywellbethatwartimemasculinizationoftheideologyofbenevolencepushedwomenfurtherfromboththesymbolicandtherealcentersofpowerforsocialchangeandhastenedinsteadaclass-basedallianceforsocialwelfare.ButwecanagreewithLeonardthatthewarforcedmentoyieldground,sharingandsometimesevensurrenderingterritory,power,andstatusinthepublicrealm.

25.WhichoftheFollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

26.Accordingtothepassage，Leonardassertsthatwomen’sactivitiesduringtheCivilWarhadallofthefollowingpositiveeffectsEXCEPT

27.Itcanbeinferred-fromthepassagethatLeonardwouldagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthestatusofwomenduringtheCivilWar?

I.Antebellumvalueswereexpanded,notreplaced,inordertodevelopnewdefinitionsofwomanhood.

II.Historianshavepaidinsufficientattentiontodemandsforhigherstatuswomenmadeduringthewar.

III.Onthewhole,thewarwasdetrimentaltotheperceptionofwomen.

28.ItcanbeinferredthatLeonardwouldmostlikelyconsiderwhichofthefollowinghypotheticalcasesofCivilWarwomentheLEASTsupportiveofherthesis?

29.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthepassage?

30.WithwhichofthefollowingcriticismsofLeonard'stheorywouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.TheInfluenceofElizabethLeonardonHistoriansofFeminismintheCivilWar

B.Leonard’sExplanationofHowtheCivilWarImprovedthePlightofWomen

C.FeminismintheCivilWar:NewControversyAboutanOldSubject

D.TheHeritageofBenevolence:TheCivilWar’sContributiontoWomen'sCharitableOrganizations

问题2选项

A.Theywerepraisedasaidingthewarcause.

B.Theyimprovedwomen'seconomicsituation.

C.Theywereconsideredproofofwomen’sabilitiestoorganizethemselves.

D.Theycreatednewoccupationalopportunitiesforwomen.

问题3选项

A.Ionly

B.IIonly

C.IandIIonly

D.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.Awidowwhopatrioticallyrefusedtoremarry,evenafterhersoldierhusbandwaskilledinbattle

B.Awomanwhoshiftedfromworkingasaseamstresstorunninganarmyuniformfactory

C.AwomanwhodressedasaSouthernsoldierinordertocrossenemylinesasaspy

D.Awomanwhoestablishedacharityinordertocollectmoneyforprosthesesforwaramputees

问题5选项

A.Theauthorcomparesandcontraststheworkofseveralhistoriansandthendiscussesareasforpossiblenewresearch.

B.Theauthorpresentshisthesis,drawsontheworkofseveralhistoriansforevidencetosupporthisthesis,andconcludesbyreiteratinghisthesis,

C.Theauthordescribessomefeaturesofahistoricalstudyandthenusesthosefeaturestoputforthhisownargument

D.Theauthorpresentsthegeneralargumentofahistoricalstudy,describesthestudyinmoredetail,andconcludeswithabriefjudgmentofthestudy’svalue

问题6选项

A.Itlaystoomuchimportanceupontheantebellumideologyofwomen’snatureandsphere.

B.Itfailstoacknowledgethatmasculinizationofwar-timeeffortsmayhavebeendetrimentaltothefeministcause.

C.Ittendstooveremphasizetheroleofwomeninshiftingtheirstatusoverthecourseofthewar.

D.Itbasesitsthesistooexclusivelyonwhite,Yankee,middle-classwomen,ignoringeveryothersocialandracialclass.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:A

【解析】25.主旨大意题。通读全文，可发现作者全文探讨的重点是对于内战给女性（女权）带来的影响，作者及其前辈研究者持有不同的观点。根据关键词“CivilWar”“women”“othertheorists…argue…”即可得出本题答案。

26.

细节事实题。可将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据信息点“ifhomefrontproductionwereseenascontributingtothereadinessofsoldiers（是否后方生产被认为有助于提高士兵的战备）”“generatedrespectforwomen’sorganizationaltalentsandopenedupnewworkopportunitiesforwomen（尊重妇女的组织才能，为妇女创造新的工作机会）”，即可得出A、C、D三项符合原文，而选项B原文并未提及，从而得出本题答案。

试题答案B

27.细节推断题。将信息点定位至原文第二段第三句