考研考博-英语-山东力明科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东力明科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroubleinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit’sjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks’lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements.BobHerz,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainstthosewho“questionourmotives”.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”but“intherealworld”andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbanks’sharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.America’snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensions,forexample,againsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.

31.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto________.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin________.

33.AccordingtoParagraph4,McGreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto________.

34.Theauthorthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey________.

35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsstandard-settersistheoneof________.

问题1选项

A.followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

B.collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

C.cooperatewiththepricemanagers

D.reevaluatesomeoftheirassets

问题2选项

A.thediminishingroleofmanagement

B.therevivalofthebankingsystem

C.thebanks’long-termassetlosses

D.theweakeningofitsindependence

问题3选项

A.keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences

B.evadethepressurefromtheirpeers

C.actontheirowninrule-setting

D.takegradualmeasuresinreform

问题4选项

A.misinterpretedmarkedpriceindicators

B.exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets

C.neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts

D.deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets

问题5选项

A.satisfaction

B.skepticism

C.objectiveness

D.sympathy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.（这些规则规定，他们必须以第三方愿意支付的价格对某些资产进行估价，而不是按照管理者和监管机构希望他们获得的价格。），可知银行家的主要问题是不能按照正常方式估价，所以A选项“遵循不良资产评估规则”正确。B选项“从第三方收取款项”，C选项“配合价格经理”和D选项“重新评估他们的某些资产”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），可知D选项“削弱其独立性”正确。A选项“削弱管理层的作用”：根据第三段最后一句Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbyinggrouppolitelycalls“theuseofjudgmentbymanagers.”（然而，银行股票上涨加强了游说团所敬称的“管理者决断权”。），可知FASB的变化加强了管理层权力，故错误。B选项“恢复银行系统”：根据第二段最后一句unlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.（除非银行以吸引买家的价格持有有毒资产，否则恢复银行体系将会很困难），可知FASB变化不会恢复银行体系，故错误。C选项“银行损失长期资产”：根据第三段第二句moreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatements（也给银行在损益表中确认长期资产损失时更大的灵活性），可知并没有导致长期资产损失，故错误。因此D选项正确。

33.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitsreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.（IASB表示它不想没有完整计划就贸然行动，但它在今年下半年完成规则修订时必须屈服的压力十分巨大。），可知C选项“自己制定规则”正确；没有要逃避压力，故B选项“规避来自同行的压力”错误。A选项“远离政治影响”：根据第四段第三句CharlieMcGreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warmedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveinapoliticalvacuum”（欧盟委员CharlieMcGreevy称赞IASB“不是生活在政治的真空中”。），可知这只是CharlieMcGreevy的看法，故错误。D选项“逐步改革措施”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.事实细节题。根据第五段第一句Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.（银行在错误的星球上，他们的账户资产被大大高估了。），可知B选项“夸大他们资产的实际价值”正确。A选项“错误解读标价价格指标”，C选项“忽视了可能存在的坏账”和D选项“否认其出售资产的账面损失”不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据第二段第二句buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.（但对资本市场正常运转至关重要的标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害。），随后对此进行进一步说明，所以作者认为标准制定者的独立性正在受到损害，所以D选项“同情”正确，A选项“满意”，B选项“怀疑”和C选项“客观”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

2.不定项选择题

Whenyouchooseafreezer,rememberit’sprobablygoingtobewithyouforalongtime.Nosinglestyleorsizeisbest,soit’simportanttoknowwhichfreezerisrightforyourneeds.

First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficientbecauselesscoldairescapeswhentheyareopen.

Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost.Chestfreezersarealwaysmanual.Frostlessfreezersautomaticallydefrostatpresetintervalsandremovethewater.Manualmodelsmustbedefrostedbyhandeveryfewmonthsorwheneverfrostaccumulatestoaboutaquarterofaninch.

Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage,trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts.Draftsandheatwillraisethefreezer’scabinettemperatureandmakeitworkhardertokeepcool.Thatmeanswastedenergyandashortenedcompressorlife.

Dryairisimportantbecausehighhumiditycancausethefreezertorustoutsideandfrostupinside.Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.

Frostlessmodelsrequirelesscarethanmanualdefrostfreezers.Theinteriorofafrostlessunitshouldbewashedperiodicallywithwarmwaterandbakingsodaoramildsoap,rinsed,anddried.

Togetthemostfromyourfreezer,checkregularlytomakesureit’sprovidingatruezero-degreetemperature.

Keepthefreezeratleastthree-quartersfull.Theemptieritgets,themoreenergyiswaswasted.Ifmorethanthreepoundsoffoodpercubicfootofstoragespaceisaddedevery24hours,theresultinghighorlowtemperaturescandamagethefood.

1.WhichisNOTthedifferencebetweenuprightmodelfreezerandchestmodelfreezer?

2.Theunderlinedword“manual”inthethirdparagraphmeans（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,choosingthebestplaceforyourfreezermeans（

）.

4.WhichisNOTmentionedaboutthefactorswhichcaninfluencethelifespanoffreezers?

5.Whichstatementbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Anuprightmodeltakeslessroomontheground.

B.Anuprightfreezeriseasierforpeopletoputinandtakeoutfood.

C.Achestfreezerismoreeffectivethananuprightone.

D.Achestmodelneedmanualdefrostwhileanuprightoneneedn’t.

问题2选项

A.man-made

B.automatic

C.usinghands

D.everlasting

问题3选项

A.puttingitinanunheatedgarageifpossible

B.tryingtokeepitawayfromheat,drafts,andhumidity

C.locatingitnearasinkifitisamanual-defrostmodel

D.locatingitascloseaspossibletothekitchendoor

问题4选项

A.Humidity

B.Propercare

C.Theamountofstorage

D.Surroundingtemperature

问题5选项

A.Itdiscussestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffreezers.

B.Ittellsthemosteconomicalwaystouseafreezer.

C.Itexplainshowtodefrostamanual-defrostfreezer.

D.Itoffersadviceaboutchoosingandcaringforafreezer.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：立式冰柜和箱式冰柜的区别是什么？A选项“立式冰柜占的空间更小。”；B选项“直立式冰箱更便于人们放入和取出食物。”；C选项“箱式冰箱比立式冰箱更有效。”；D选项“箱式冰柜需要人工除霜，而立式冰柜则不需要。”。第二段第二句话：Uprightsaremoreconvenient.Theirstoragespaceismoreaccessibleandtheytakeuplessfloorarea.However,chestmodelsaremoreenergy-efficient…（立式冰箱比较方便。它们的存储空间更方便，占用的面积更少。然而，箱式冰柜更节能……），由此可以看出A、B、C正确；虽然前面半句正确但是文章没有提到立式冰柜不需要除霜，所以答案选D。

第2题:事实细节题。A“人造的”；B选项“自动的”；C选项“使用手的”；D选项“永恒的”。定位到文章第三段第一句Ifyou’rebuyinganupright,you’llhavetochoosebetweenfrostlessormanualdefrost（如果你要买直筒式的，你必须在无霜和（）除霜之间做出选择。）这里根据句意是说有两种冰箱做选择，有些冰箱是无霜冰箱，既然是做选择也就是另一些是有霜的，这些有霜冰箱不能自动除霜就需要手动来除霜。所以这里答案选C，其他选项不符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题。题干：根据文章，为你的冰箱选择最好的地方意味着……A选项“如果可能的话，把它放在没有暖气的车库里”；B选项“尽量让它远离热量，气流和湿度”；C选项“如果它是手动除霜型，就把它放在水槽附近”；D选项“把它放在离厨房门越近越好”。根据题干定位到第四段第一句话…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts（……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方），B选项是这句话的同意替换，所以答案选B选项。文章没有建议把冰箱放在某个具体的地方，所以答案A、C、D都不能选。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：影响冰箱寿命的因素有哪些没有提到？A选项“湿度”；B选项“适当的维护”；C选项“存储的数量”；D选项“周围的温度”。定位到文章第四段第一句…trytofindaspotthat’scool,dry,andawayfromdrafts（……找一个凉爽、干燥、远离穿堂风的地方）这里讲了温度和湿度，所以答案A、D排除；定位到第五段第二句话Withpropercare,afreezercanserveyoufor15yearsormore.（如果使用得当，冰箱可以为你服务15年甚至更久）这里讲的是维护和保养，所以B选项排除；答案选C选项。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“它讨论了冰箱的优点和缺点”；B选项“它告诉了最经济的使用冰箱的方法”；C选项“它解释了如何解冻一个手动解冻冰柜”；D选项“它提供了选择和照顾冰箱的建议”。定位到文章第一段第一句话Whenyouchooseafreezer…（当你选冰箱的时候……）；第二段第一句话First,decideifyouwantanuprightorchestmodel.（首先，决定你是想要一个直立的还是箱型的）；第四段第一句话Tohelpyourfreezerreacharipeoldage…（为了让你的冰箱寿命更长……）从这些可以看出这篇文章是关于冰箱的选择和保养的文章，所以答案选D。

3.单选题

Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’tinthewash,butithas（

）.

问题1选项

A.contract

B.shrink

C.slim

D.dissolve

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。contract缩短，感染；shrink收缩，缩水；slim使苗条；dissolve溶解，解散，消失。

句意：.广告上说这种料子洗的时候不会缩水，但它确实缩水了。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Microfinanceisananti-povertytool.Ifyoumakesmallloanstogroupsofpoorwomen,theyalwaysrepaythemontime.Microfinancehasgrownrapidlyinmanycountries.Yettheindustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial.

InBangladeshthegovernmenthascappedtheannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.InAndhraPradesh(AP),theIndianstatewiththemostmicrofinanceborrowers,localpoliticianshavebulliedthebusinesstoavirtualhalt.Thesestepsareostensiblymotivatedbyadesiretodefendthepoorfromgettingstuckinadebt.Buttheyarewrong-headed.

Despitechargingseeminglyhighinterestrates,MFIstypicallyhavethinmarginsbecauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans.Pressingthemtoreduceratesfurtherwouldjeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.

Infact,thepooroftenusemicroloanstopayofffarmoreexpensiveloansfromvillagemoneylenders.Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.Thatwouldbegoodnewsforthesemoneylenders,butissurelynottheoutcomethatpolicymakerswant.

Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry.Peru,forexample,isrankedashavingthebestbusinessenvironmentformicrofinance,inpartbecausetheregulatorhassuccessfullysetandenforcedrulesoncapitalbuffers,leadingtoamorestableenvironmentfortheindustry.India,incontrast,isyettodecidewhetherrulesgoverningmicrofinancearetobesetatthenationallevelorbyindividualstates.

Manythingscanbedone.Forinstance,anassociationofIndianMFIsistryingtosetupacreditbureauwhichwouldallowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories,thusguardingthemagainstlendingapersonmorethansheisabletohandle.ThiswouldbehelpedenormouslyifthegovernmentspedupitseffortstogiveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.TheIndiangovernmentshouldalsoallowMFIstotakedeposits,whichtheyarecurrentlypreventedfromdoing:thiswouldmakethemlessdependentoncapitalmarketsforfunding.Actuallytherearemoreusefulmeasuresforthepoorthananinterest-ratecap.

1.Themicrofinanceindustryisunderattackbecause（

）.

2.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph2mostprobablymeans

（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,MFIsarenotmakingabigprofitbecause

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor，whatwouldhappenifpeople’saccesstomicrofinanceisrestricted?

5.InParagraph5,whatdoestheexampleofPeruandIndiaindicate?

6.AccordingtoParagraph6,whichmeasureisNOTapprovedbytheauthor?

问题1选项

A.itdevelopstoofast

B.itofferssmallloans

C.itover-emphasizesbusiness

D.itisananti-povertytool

问题2选项

A.tosetamaximumannualinterestrate

B.tochangetheannualinterestrate

C.torelaxthecontroloftheannualinterestrate

D.toreducetheannualinterestrate

问题3选项

A.theinterestratesaretoolow

B.thehandingofnumeroussmallloansisexpensive

C.theyfailtoattractprivatecapital.

D.theyareundergreatpressurefromthegovernment

问题4选项

A.TheprofitofMFIswouldbereduced.

B.Poorpeoplewouldnotbetrappedinadebt.

C.Peoplewouldonlygetmorecostlyloans.

D.Policymakerswouldbethrilledattheoutcome.

问题5选项

A.Indiahasbeenawareoftheimportanceofregulationonmicrofinance.

B.ThemicrofinanceindustryisboominginbothIndiaandPeru.

C.Sensibleregulationspromotethemicrofinanceindustry.

D.Regulationsshouldbesetatthenationallevel.

问题6选项

A.Setupcapitalmarketsforfunding.

B.Understandthecredithistoriesoftheclients.

C.Giveeveryoneauniversalidentificationnumber.

D.PermitMFIstoattractdeposits.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“yetthendustryhascomeunderattackforbeingtoocommercial（然而，该行业因过于商业化而受到抨击）”,即可得出本题答案。

2.词义推测题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。第二段中提及印度的当地政府甚至叫停了小额信贷的业务。对比孟加拉，文中提及，微型金融机构可以收取27%的利率（theannualinterestratethatmicrofinanceinstitutions(MFIs)canchargeat27%.）。在第三段，作者还论述了对于小额信贷降低利率的弊端有哪些（jeopardizetheirabilitytoattractprivatecapital,inhibitingtheirgrowth.）。由此可知，政府试图限制小额贷款的利率，从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息定位至原文第三段。根据“becauseofthehighcostsofmakingandcollectingpaymentsonmillionsoftinyloans（因为数以百万计的小额贷款的分期付款成本很高）”,即可得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第四段第二句，“Thissuggeststhatrestrictingpeople’saccesstomicrocreditbycappingratescouldhavetheperverseeffectofdrivingmorepoorpeopleintothearmsofvillageloan-sharks.(限制人们小额信贷的后果是迫使穷人转向利率更高的高利贷借贷。)”从而得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“Sensibleregulationneednotbeatoddswithathrivingmicrofinanceindustry(合理的监管不必与繁荣的小额信贷行业相抵触)”,即可得出本题答案。

6.细节事实题。定位最后一段，“giveallIndiansauniversalidentificationnumber.”“allowthemtotrackclients’overallindebtednessandcredithistories”“allowMFIstotakedeposits”可知选项A的内容在文章中并未提及，从而得出本题答案。

5.翻译题

（1）如果从狭义上去理解“进步”和“人类的状况”，则人们可以甚为合理地说，人类在过去的一个世纪中几乎没有取得任何的进步。（2）全球数以百万计的人仍生活在贫困之中，艾滋病正在夺走无数人的生命，而治愈方法遥遥无期。（3）战争和暴力在中东、非洲以及阿富汗持续不断。（4）然而，持此狭隘的观点，则有可能使人无视人类在过去一百年中已取得的显而易见的巨大进步。（5）随着人类继续迈进21世纪，较为可取的做法应该是全面认识人类在过去100年中已经取得的成就，并展望人类在下一个世纪中可能取得的进步，而不是对人类今日显著改善的生存状况视而不见。

【答案】1.Ifweunderstand“progress”and“thehumancondition”inanarrowsense,itisquitereasonabletosaythatmankindhasmadealmostnoprogressinthepastcentury.

2.MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldstillliveinpovertyandAIDSiskillingmillionswithnocureinsight.

3.WarandviolencecontinueintheMiddleEast,AfricaandAfghanistan.

4.However,withsuchanarrowview,onewouldignoretheremarkableandhugeprogressthathumanityhasmadeinthepasthundredyears.

5.Ashumanitycontinuestomoveintothe21stcentury,itwouldbepreferabletotakeacomprehensiveviewofwhathasbeenachievedinthepast100yearsandlookforwardtotheprogressthatislikelytobemadeinthenextcentury,ratherthanturningablindeyetotheremarkableimprovementinhumanconditionstoday.

6.单选题

Towhatextentwillfuturescientificdiscoveriesmakepossiblethe（

）ofthehumanlifespan?

问题1选项

A.increase

B.prolongation

C.expansion

D.growth

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项increase“增加”；B选项prolongation“延伸”；C选项expansion“阐述”；D选项growth“成长”。句意：未来的科学发现能在多大程度上延长人类的寿命?选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.

Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuit

ofhappiness?

Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Fromthepassage,whatkindofpersoncanweassumetheauthoris?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,howaretheattitudeschangingtowardsAmerica?

4.Whichofthefollowingopinionscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

5.WhatdoestheauthorfindmostcharmingintheFrenchvillage?

问题1选项

A.TheCharmingandSuspiciousEuropeans

B.ACharmingFrenchWelfareMother

C.TheCharmingLifeinaFrenchVillage

D.AmericaLosestheCharmWar

问题2选项

A.Jealous

B.Profound

C.Non-conformist

D.Traditional

问题3选项

A.Europeanshavealwaysseemedanti-American.

B.EuropeansarelessagreeabletotheUnitedStates.

C.EuropeansincreasinglytrytoemulateAmericanideas.

D.Europeanshavetheirownstyle,sonothinghaschanged.

问题4选项

A.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldneverdrinkredwine.

B.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"shouldoccasionallydrinkredwine.

C.Theauthorthinks"welfaremothers"havetherighttodrinkredwine.

D.Theauthorthinksonlyrichmothershavetherighttodrinkredwine.

问题5选项

A.Simplethingsbutnotextravagant.

B.Thepursuitofhappiness.

C.Thebeautifulvillagescenery.

D.Thevillagers',senseofbelonging.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章反映出美国现在面临的问题并且在讨论美国现在越来越失去它的影响力和吸引力,因此D最适合作文章标题。

2.细节事实题。第一段最后一句指出:Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife(所有这些都使我更像欧洲人，因为从本质上讲，欧洲人对每一种形式的归属都持怀疑态度，也支持非墨守成规的生活)。故选C。

3.细节事实题。第二段开头指出:Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdaintowardstheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican(欧洲人似乎对美国保持着一种如果不能说是不屑的那就是非常怀疑的态度，正如前俄罗斯总统MikhailGorbachev最近在《华盛顿邮报》中指出的‘世界并不想成为美国人”),因此欧洲人现在对美国持有的是怀疑的态度,故选B。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词welfaremothers定位至最后一段:InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine(然而，在法国就算是接受福利救济的母亲也有资格偶尔喝点红酒)。故选C“作者认为接受福利救济的母亲是有权利喝红酒的”。

5.判断推理题。最后一句指出:Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall(和很多的百万富翁不同，我那贫穷的嫂子懂得莫泊桑作品中的一句话:简单才是最大的魅力)。由此可知作者认为法国的村庄最有魅力的地方就是简单而不奢华。

8.单选题

Sheansweredwithan（）“No”totherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

问题1选项

A.eloquent

B.effective

C.emotional

D.emphatic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eloquent“意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的”；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的”；C选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；D选项emphatic“着重的；加强语气的；显著的”。由本句“Sheansweredwithan______‘No’”（她回答不）可知她对否定这件事情的态度的坚决，所以emphatic的意义与其对应。句意：对于要求她出席公开听证会的要求，她断然地说了“不”。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Onlytakesuchclothes（

）reallynecessary.

问题1选项

A.aswere

B.astheyare

C.astheywere

D.asare

【答案】D

10.单选题

OnceRenaissancepaintersdiscoveredhowto（

）volumeanddepth,theywereabletoreplacethemedievalconventionofsymbolic,two-dimensionalspacewiththemoreillusionofactualspace.

问题1选项

A.reverse...conventional

B.portray...abstract

C.deny...concrete

D.render...realistic

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。第一个空的选项：reverse“颠倒，倒转”；portray“描绘，扮演”：deny“否认，拒绝给予”；render“提供，以……回报，描绘，处理（绘画等的主题）”，第二个空的选项：conventional“传统的，习惯的”；abstract“抽象的”；concrete“具体的，有形的”；realistic“现实的，实际的，实事求是的”，根据关键词“volumeanddepth”“symbolic”和句意‘当文艺复兴的画家们发现如何描绘体积和深度之后，他们就能够使用更现实的实在空间感来取代中世纪的象征意味的、二维空间的绘画习惯了’确定D选项正确。

11.单选题

Itwasawonderfulplaywitha______ofoverfiftyactorsandactresses.

问题1选项

A.list

B.group

C.bunch

D.herd

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项alistof“一系列”；B选项agroupof“一群（人）”；C选项abunchof“一束；一堆”；D选项aherdof“一群（牛、鹿等）”。句意：这是一出精彩的话剧，由______超过五十名男女演员参演。根据语境，这里指的是一群人参演了话剧，B选项agroupof“一群（人）”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

12.翻译题

Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallstudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

【答案】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。

【解析】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。

13.单选题

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

问题1选项

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning宽恕,赦免;instructing指导,教;acknowledging承认,答谢。句意：一些人类学家声称,一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语,但持怀疑态度的人认为,猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Withscholarsfrom24countries（

）theconference,thecommitteehadagreatdealofworktodo.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.attended

C.attending

D.toattend

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词。with+名词+分词，表示原因或者伴随条件，scholars和动词attend是主动关系，故正确答案选C。句意为：有来自24个国家的学者参加了会议，组委会有很多工作要做。

15.单选题

Migrationisusuallydefinedas"permanentorsemi-permanentchangeofresidence."Thisbroaddefinition,ofcourse,wouldincludeamoveacrossthestreetoracrossacity.Ourconcerniswithmovementbetweennations,notwithinternalmigrationwithinnations,althoughsuchmovementsoftenexceedinternationalmovementsinvolume.Today,themotivesofpeoplewhomoveshortdistancesareverysimilartothoseofinternationalmigrants.

Studentsofhumanmigrationspeakof"push"and"pull"factors,whichinfluenceanindividual'sdecisiontomovefromoneplacetoanother.Pushfactorsareassociatedwiththeplaceoforigin.Apushfactorcanbeassimpleandmildamatterasdifficultyinfindingasuitablejob,orastraumaticaswar,orseverefamine.Obviously,refugeeswholeavetheirhomeswithgunspointedattheirheadsaremotivatedalmostentirelybypushfactors(althoughpullfactorsdoinfluencetheirchoiceofdestination).

Pullfactorsarethoseassociatedwiththeplaceofdestination.Mostoftentheseareeconomic,suchasbetterjobopportunitiesortheavailabilityofgoodlandtofarm.ThelatterwasanimportantfactorinattractingsettlerstotheUnitedStatesduringthe19thcentury.Ingeneral,pullfactorsadduptoanapparentlybetterchanceforagoodlifeandmaterialwell-beingthanisofferedbytheplaceoforigin.Whenthereisachoicebetweenseveralattractivepotentialdestinations,thedecidingfactormightbeanon-economicconsiderationsuchasthepresenceofrelatives,friends,oratleastfellowcountrymenalreadyestablishedinthenewplacewhoarewillingtohelpthenewcomerssettlein.Considerationsofthissortaddtothedevelopmentofmigrationflow.

Besidespushandpullactors,therearewhatthesociologistscall"intervening,obstacles".Evenifpushand(or)pullfactorsareverystrong,theystillmaybeoutweighedbyinterveningobstacles,suchasthedistanceofthemove,thetroubleandcostofmoving,thedifficultyofenteringthenewcountry,andtheproblemslikelyto