考研考博-英语-川北幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-川北幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.不定项选择题

Sometimearound621BC,alegislatornamedDracoappearedontheAtheniansceneandmadethelawsthatsubstitutedpublicjusticeforpersonalrevenge.Hislawsweresoseverethatthelegislatorhasbeenimmortalizedbytheword“draconian”.TheselawsheldforonlyaquarterofacenturyuntilSolon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy,abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder.Solonalsocarriedoutconstitutionalreformsthatsetupfreeelectionandbroughtallclasses,exceptslaves,intotheprocessofgovernment.Andsodemocracybegan.

AhundredyearslaterdemocracyandeverythingelseGreecehadbuiltupwerethreatenedbyPersia.ThefirstofPersia’sexpeditionstookplacein490BCwhenitsarmyarrivedatMarathon,nearAthens.ThiswastheeventwhereaGreeksoldierranthe27milesbacktoAthens,managedtocryout,“Wehavewon”,thencollapsedanddied.

IntheirsecondexpeditionthePersianswerematchedbythegeniusofThemistocles,anAthenianleaderwhomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy.However,heturnedouttoberight.ThePersianswereblastedofftheseaatthebattleofSalamis,offthecoastnearAthens.

Athens,nowanavalpower,washeadedforitsgoldenage.Itsruleratthistime,aroundthemiddleofthefifthcenturyBC,wasPericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.Oneofhisnot-so-smartdecisionswastorestrictAtheniancitizenshiptopeoplewhosemotherandfatherwerebothAthenians.

ItwasPericleswhobuilttheParthenon.ThiswasquiteatimeforAthens.WhilePericleswasbuildinghisParthenon,Aeschylus,SophoclesandEuripideswerewritingtheirplaysandSocratesandPlatowereteaching.

AthenswastheninvolvedinthePeloponnesianWarwithSpartaand27yearsoffightingledtoAthens’defeatin404BC.ButvictoriousSparta’sinfluencelastedonly30yearsafter,itwasthenruledbyMacedonia,akingdominthenorthofGreece.

PhilipofMacedon’sambitionwastounifyallofGreece,restoreGreekculturetoMacedon,andeliminatePersiaasalingeringthreat.Nextinlineinthethronewashisfirstwife’sson,AlexandertheGreats,whohadstudiedunderAristotle.Alexander’sdeathmarkedtheendofthegreatclassicalperiodofGreece,inliterature,philosophyandart.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“draconian”(L.3,Para.1)?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,weleanthat（）

4.SolonandPericlesshareonesimilarity,whichisthattheyboth（）

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmaybe（）

问题1选项

A.Democratic.

B.Revenge.

C.Harsh.

D.Dramatic.

问题2选项

A.UnlikeDraco,Solonfirstestablisheddeathpenaltyforthecrimeofmurder.

B.AthensmarchedtoitsgoldenageafterPersia’sfirstexpedition.

C.Periclesisfamousforhisabilityofwritingplaysandteaching.

D.PeoplemisunderstoodThemistocleswhenhebuiltnavy.

问题3选项

A.MacedoniaisthenameofamanwhocontrolledAthensafterwar.

B.PeloponnesianWaristhetransitionalpointforAthensfromprosperitytodecline.

C.GreecewassplitundertheruleofMacedonia.

D.AlexandergaveAristotleAthenscitizenshipbecauseAristotlewashisteacher.

问题4选项

A.carriedoutconstitutionalreforms.

B.excelledatgivingspeech.

C.implementedstrictlaws.

D.valueddemocracy.

问题5选项

A.TheHistoryofAthens.

B.TheWarthatSplitsAthens.

C.TheunificationofGreek.

D.Alexander,theGreatRulerofAthens.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:词义推断题。draconian的原意是“严酷”，而题干前的“Hislawsweresoseverethat”提示了我们答案，文章说他的法律太过于严厉以至于……，因此答案为C项harsh“严酷的，严厉的”。

第2题:文章大意题。我们需要根据每一个选项定位到相应的部分。A项在第一段有提示，“abolishedthedeathpenaltyforeverythingbutmurder”，可以得出Solon并不是首创，而是沿用了之前的Draco的这一法例；B项错误，是第二次，不是第一次；C项也错误，Preicles是一个演讲家，以演说出名；D项正确，“whomadehispeoplenervousbygoingoutandbuildingahugefleetratherthananarmy”以及“However,heturnedouttoberight.”这两句可以看出一开始民众确实是误解他的。

第3题:段落细节题。定位到最后两段，A项不对，Macedonia是一个希腊北部的国家，并不是人；B项并没有提及，错误；C项正确，正因为是在马其顿的统治下分裂，因此菲利普的心愿就是统一希腊；D项错误，并未提及。

第4题:细节推断题。解题关键在第一段“Solon,whocametobecalledthefounderofAtheniandemocracy”以及“Pericles,themostdazzlingspeaker.Hepracticeddemocracyathome.”可以看出他们两位都对民主很重视，答案选D。

第5题:文章标题题。从全文多处我们可以看到，文章讲述的主要就是雅典的历史，法律也好，战争也好，都是围绕雅典在叙述，因此A正确。

2.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

问题2选项

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

问题3选项

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

问题4选项

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问美国的年轻人被指责什么？录音开头提到，美国的年轻人被指责没有像过去一样照顾他们的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C选项“没有按照以往的传统来照顾父母”是录音原文的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“沉溺于追求休闲和物质上的舒适”在录音中并未提及；B选项“过分注重独立”，利用录音中的independence设置干扰，录音中说的是美国的老年人深受独立自主的理想的影响，并没有提及年轻人过分注重独立，因此可排除；D选项“让他们的父母食不果腹”，利用录音中的onthevergeofstarvation设置干扰，录音说的是老年人因深受独立思想的影响，选择自己独自生活，以致可能挨饿，生病时身边没有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年轻人造成的，因此D选项不正确。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是说话人对美国的老年人的看法。录音中提到，美国的老年人确实深受独立自主的理想的影响（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D选项“他们有独立和自主的意识”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“他们独自生活有很大的困难”，录音中只是提及他们（老年人）可能会挨饿，生病时身边没有朋友，但并没有说这是很大的困难，因此可排除；B选项“他们几乎没有希望得到任何家人的照顾”和C选项“他们对过去的日子有着美好的回忆”在录音中没有信息提及，因此不选。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话人采访的年轻妈妈们对什么感到惊讶？录音中提到，她们惊讶的是，世界上大多数地方的人们，在历史上多数时期里都是三、四代人生活在同一个屋檐下，B选项“世界上大多数地方都有大家庭”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“世界上许多地方的人都更喜欢小家庭”很明显与录音原文表述相反，所以不正确；C选项“许多老人不愿意照顾他们的子孙”和D选项“美国太多的年轻人拒绝和他们的父母生活在一起”在录音中没有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问老年人尽力做什么？录音中提到，老年人相信他们能为孩子做的唯一的事情就是当孩子来看望他们时，尽量表现得快乐，把所有的精力都用来避免成为一个负担（notbeingaburden），因此B选项“避免成为子女的负担”符合录音原文表述，因此正确。A选项“不打扰他们的年轻一代”；C选项“参与快乐的活动以维持身体健康”和D项“站在孩子们的角度看待事情”在录音中均没有提及，因此排除。

3.单选题

TradewithBritainandtheWestIndiesallowedcolonialseaportssuchasBostonto

问题1选项

A.postpone

B.procure

C.pursue

D.prosper

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意:与英国和西印度群岛的贸易使诸如波士顿这样的殖民海港得以繁荣发展。故选D。

4.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Shewasuninterestedinadvertising.

B.Shefoundheroutfitinappropriate.

C.Shewasunhappywithfashiontrends.

D.Sheoftencheckedherselfinamirror.

问题2选项

A.Tosavethetroubleofchoosingauniqueoutfiteveryday.

B.Tomeettheexpectationsoffashion-consciousclients.

C.Tokeepupwiththecurrenttrends.

D.Tosavetheexpensesonclothing.

问题3选项

A.Itenhancespeople’sabilitytoworkindependently.

B.Ithelpspeoplesucceedinwhatevertheyaredoing.

C.Itmattersalotinjobsinvolvinginteractionwithothers.

D.Itboostsone’sconfidencewhenlookingforemployment.

问题4选项

A.Designtheirownuniformtoappearunique.

B.Wearclassicpiecestoimpresstheirclients.

C.Fighttheever-changingtrendsinfashion.

D.Dowhateverispossibletolooksmart.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】PassageTwo

IworkinadvertisingandIliketokeepupwithcurrenttrends,mainlybecauseI’mawarethatweliveinanimage-obsessedworld.[12]However,whenIfirststartedmyjob,occasionallyI’dcatchaglimpseofmyselfintheliftsandfindmyselfthinkingthatIlookedatotalmess.WasIbeingheldbackbymychoiceofclothing?Theshortanswerisyes,especiallywhenclientsarequicktojudgeyouonyourstyleratherthanyourwork.[13]Butnoonecanbeuniquewiththeiroutfiteveryday.Imeanthat’swhyuniformswereinvented.Sohere’swhatIdid.Icreatedmyownuniform.Todothis,Ichoseanappropriateoutfit.ThenIboughtmultipleitemsofthesamestyleindifferentshades.NowIneverworryaboutwhatI’mwearinginthemorning,evenifIdogetabittiredofjustwearingthesameclassicpieces.Overall,whenitcomestowork,youhavetoaskyourself:willlookingsmarterenhancemyabilitytodomyjob?Forsome,thisquestionmaynotbeanissueatall,especiallyifyouworkremotelyandrarelyseeyourcolleaguesorclientsfacetoface.[14]Butifyourjobinvolvesinteractingwithotherpeople,theanswertothisisoftenyes.Soratherthanfightingthesystem,[15]Ithinkweshouldjustdowhateverhelpsustoachieveourgoalsatwork.Ifthatmeansplayingitsafewithyourimage,thenlet’sfaceit.It’sprobablyworthit.

12.Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakerwhenshefirststartedherjob?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者刚开始工作的时候，我们可以了解到什么？录音开头提到，当说话者刚开始工作的时候，偶尔会在电梯里瞥一眼自己，发现自己看起来一团糟（Ilookedatotalmess）。后面指出，之所以一团糟是因为服装的原因，因此B选项“她发现她的服装很不合适”正确。A选项“对广告不感兴趣”利用录音开头的“advertising”设置干扰，录音说的是说话人从事的是广告业，并未提及她对广告业不感兴趣，因此排除；C选项“她对时尚潮流不满意”，录音开头说的是，说话者喜欢跟随当下的潮流，因此C选项不正确；D选项“她经常照镜子检查自己”在录音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

13.Whywereuniformsinvented,accordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话者谈及的制服被发明的原因。录音中提到，没有人可以每天穿着独一无二的衣服，这就是制服被发明的原因。A选项“为了省去每天选不同衣服的烦恼”与原文意思表述相符，因此正确。B选项“满足有时尚意识的客户的期望”和D选项“节省服装开支”在录音中均未提及，因此排除；C选项“跟上当前的潮流”，利用录音开头的keepupwithcurrenttrends设置干扰，但这并不是发明制服的原因，因此不正确。

14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutlookingsmarter?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是说话者关于“看起来更时尚”的看法。在录音后半部分，说话者提出一个问题，即看起来更时尚是否会提升我们的工作能力，接下来随即对此进行了回答，如果你的工作需要与其他人进行面对面交谈，则答案是肯定的，C选项“这在需要与他人接洽的工作中很重要”与原文意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“这能提高人们独立工作的能力”和D选项“这能增强求职者的信心”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。B选项“这帮助人们在他们所做的任何事情上取得成功”说法过于绝对，不符合题意。

15.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodoinanimage-obsessedworld?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问在这个看重外貌形象的世界里，说话者建议人们怎么做？录音结尾提到，说话者认为人们应该竭尽所能去做能实现工作目标的事情，包括谨慎塑造自己的形象，这都是值得的。D选项“做任何能（使我们的形象）看起来时尚的事情”与原文意思符合，因此正确。A选项“设计他们自己的制服，使其看起来独一无二”；B选项“穿经典的衣服给客户留下深刻印象”和C选项“对抗不断变化的时尚潮流”均不正确，在原文找不到相关依据，因此排除。

5.单选题

Ifyou（）caretoseethepictures,I’llbringthemroundsomeevening.

问题1选项

A.should

B.would

C.will

D.can

【答案】B

【解析】考查if引导的真实条件句，主句应该用现在时。情态动词结构“wouldyoucareto...”表示“（礼貌问语）您喜欢，您愿意”，是一种委婉征求意见的方式。因此，排除其他选项，本题正确答案为B项。

6.单选题

UndertherulesoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,JimThorpeforfeitedhisamateurstatuswhenheplayedsemiprofessionalbaseballin1911.

问题1选项

A.testedt

B.exploitedt

C.announcedt

D.lost

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。forfeit表示“丧失权利、名誉、生命等”；A项test“测试”，B项exploit“开发，开拓”，C项announce“宣布”，D项lost“丢失，丧失”。句意：根据国际奥委会的规定，当吉姆索普在1911年参加半职业棒球比赛时，他就丧失了业余棒球运动员的身份。根据句意可知，该题选择D项正确。

7.单选题

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

问题2选项

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

问题3选项

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

问题4选项

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

问题5选项

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多数国家，器官移植的法律定义很不明确，因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法）可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（习惯上要征得亲属的允许，但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行，可能无法及时联系到亲属）可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律）可知D选项“在一些国家，这些法律规定，除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除，否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建议，应开展广泛的宣传，鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植）可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应该提倡，因为它有利于人类社会”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可）可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D，因此选B。

3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视，疏忽”；weaken意为“减弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意为“和……一起”；besuperiorto意为“优越于，不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保证，考虑移植不会……潜在供者的正常复苏努力）”中，由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外，努力复苏是无用的）可知选D。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题，因此选A。

8.单选题

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

问题1选项

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意为分离，隔离。coalition联合，合并；separation分离，间隔；succession连续，继位；interchangeability可交换性。选项B与之意思相近。

9.单选题

Thegovernmentpromisedto（）anewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.complement

C.supplement

D.compliment

【答案】A

【解析】implement实施,执行；complement补充；supplement增补；compliment恭维,称赞。句意：政府承诺实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。选项A符合句意。

10.单选题

Agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

问题1选项

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】句意:大量的工作已经投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其以前的华丽。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。refresh更新，使精力恢复，使得到补充；restore恢复，修复；restoreto使恢复到…；renovate更新，修复，革新，刷新；renew使更新，续借，复兴。由题干中关键词“toitsprevioussplendor到其以前的华丽”可知B项正确。

11.单选题

Freewillallowsustoindulgeour_______passions;freedomleadsusinthehigherpathtounlocklife'smysticsecrets.

问题1选项

A.discharging

B.fleeting

C.colluding

D.displacing

【答案】A

【解析】discharge卸下,放出;fleet消磨;collude串通,勾结;displace转移,取代。句意：自由意志使我们能尽情释放自己的激情;自由引领我们走向更高的道路，去开启生命的奥秘。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Theargumentwassimultaneouslyapolicydebateandanextendedexegesisofacrucialphraseina1986federallawthatregulatesthehiringprocedures.

问题1选项

A.exportation

B.expulsion

C.explication

D.expiation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exportation“出口；输出；出口货”；B选项expulsion“逐出；开除；除籍”；C选项explication“说明；阐明；展开”；D选项expiation“补偿；赎罪；抵罪”。句意：这场争论同时是一场政策辩论，也是对1986年一项管理招聘程序的联邦法律中一个关键短语的延伸注释。exegesis“注释，解释”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。

13.单选题

Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandaction,thatweneverrecognizetheassumptionsonwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject;iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofpeopleaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

1.Theexamplesofbirdsandfishareusedto（）

2.Theterm"parochialism"(Line3,Para.3)mostpossiblymeans（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thepassagemightbeentitled“（）''

问题1选项

A.showthatthey,too,havetheirrespectivecultures

B.explainhumansoccupyasymbolicuniverseasbirdsandfishoccupytheskyandthesea

C.illustratethathumanbeingsareunawareoftheculturalcodesgoverningthem

D.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenman,birds,andfishintheirwaysofthinking

问题2选项

A.open-mindedness

B.provincialism

C.superiority

D.discrimination

问题3选项

A.everyonewouldliketowidentheirculturalscopeiftheycan

B.theobstaclestoovercomingculturalparochialismliemainlyinpeople'shabitofthinking

C.providedone'sbroughtupinaculture,hemaybewithbiasinmakingculturalevaluations

D.childhoodisanimportantstageincomprehendingculture

问题4选项

A.Individualandcollectiveneurosismightpreventcommunicationswithothers.

B.Peopleindifferentculturesmaybegovernedbythesameculturalnorms.

C.People'svisionswillbeenlargedifonlytheyknewthatculturaldifferencesexist.

D.Ifculturalnormsaresomethingtangible,theywon'tbesoconfining.

问题5选项

A.HowtoOvercomeCulturalMyopia

B.BehavioralPatternsandCulturalBackground

C.HarmsofCulturalMyopia

D.CulturalMyopia-ADeep-rootedCollectiveNeurosis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的倒数第二句“Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.”，选项C符合原文。

第2题:根据第三段的一、二句，似乎在任何地方，人们都渴望打破自己的经验世界的界限。他们对更广泛的事件和人民作出敏感反应的能力需要克服这种文化狭隘主义。“culturalparochialism”是指文化的狭隘主义，选项B更符合原文。

第3题:根据最后两段的内容以及关键词“culturalparochialism”、“culturalmyopia”可以推测，如果一个人长期生活在一种文化环境中，在做文化评论的时候会有偏见。选项C符合原文。

第4题:根据第二段的最后一句“Whetheritis...fromothers.”，它限制了我们所能体验到的，也限制了我们从他人身上学到的东西，也就是阻碍了与他人的沟通交流，选项A正确。

第5题:根据全文内容，主要是讲文化局限的定义和背景，所以选项D更贴切。

14.单选题

Thegovernmenthasdecidedto

aninvestigationintotheincreaseindeathsfromdrugs.

问题1选项

A.initiate

B.generate

C.conspire

D.negotiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate“开始，创造”；generate“使形成”；conspire“共谋，协力”；negotiate“谈判，交涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。

15.翻译题

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11andavianfluremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdo