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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川外国语大学成都学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Accordingtoarecenttheory,Archean-agegold-quartzveinsystemswereformedovertwobillionyearsagofrommagmaticfluidsthatoriginatedfrommoltengranitelikebodiesdeepbeneaththesurfaceoftheEarth.Thistheoryiscontrarytothewidelyheldviewthatthesystemsweredepositedfrommetamorphicfluids,thatis,fromfluidsthatformedduringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks.Therecentlydevelopedtheoryhasconsiderablepracticalimportance.MostofthegolddepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrusheswereexposedattheEarth’ssurfaceandwerefoundbecausetheyhadshedtrailsofalluvialgoldthatwereeasilytracedbysimpleprospectingmethods.Althoughthesesamemethodsstillleadtoanoccasionaldiscovery,mostdepositsnotyetdiscoveredhavegoneundetectedbecausetheyareburiedandhavenosurfaceexpression.

Thechallengeinexplorationisthereforetounravelthesubsurfacegeologyofanareaandpinpointthepositionofburiedminerals.Methodswidelyusedtodayincludeanalysisofaerialimagesthatyieldabroadgeologicaloverview;geophysicaltechniquesthatprovidedataonthemagnetic,electrical,andmineralogicalpropertiesoftherocksbeinginvestigated;andsensitivechemicalteststhatareabletodetectthesubtlechemicalhalosthatoftenenvelopmineralization.However,noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalueifthesitestowhichtheyareappliedhavenevermineralized,andtomaximizethechancesofdiscoverytheexplorermustthereforepayparticularattentiontoselectingthegroundformationsmostlikelytobemineralized.Suchgroundselectionreliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels,whichtakeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors.

Thesemodelsareconstructedprimarilyfromempiricalobservationsofknownmineraldepositsandfromtheoriesofore-formingprocesses.Theexplorerusesthemodelstoidentifythosegeologicalfeaturesthatarecriticaltotheformationofthemineralizationbeingmodeled,andthentriestoselectareasforexplorationthatexhibitasmanyofthecriticalfeaturesaspossible.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.

3.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodology

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheory

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethods

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscovery

问题2选项

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluids

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodies

C.wereformedfromalluvialdeposits

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpression

问题3选项

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.

问题4选项

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.作者主要关注________。

A.advocatingareturntoanoldermethodologyA.主张回归旧方法

B.explainingtheimportanceofarecenttheoryB.解释一种新理论的重要性

C.enumeratingdifferencesbetweentwowidelyusedmethodsC.列举两种广泛使用的方法之间的差异

D.describingeventsleadingtoadiscoveryD.描述是什么事件导致的发现

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章第一段指出最近的一项理论(recenttheory),并且点出这一理论具有相当大的实际意义(hasconsiderablepracticalimportance);第二段点出这一理论帮助寻找地下矿物(takeintoaccounttheoreticalstudiesofrelevantfactors),从理论中衍生出目前的一些方法和模型;第三段具体讲勘探人员如何使用这些模型,和第二段是递进的关系。综上所述,这一文章讲的是这个新理论对于实际开采矿物的重要性,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“主张回归旧方法”:文章花了大量篇幅在讲新理论和新方法,主张采用新方法,而不是旧方法,属于反向干扰;

C选项“列举两种广泛使用的方法之间的差异”:这两种方法是以前广泛使用和现在广泛使用的差别,而且主要不是在比较这两种方法的差异,属于曲解原文;

D选项“描述是什么事件导致的发现”:文章没有提到新理论是如何得出的,属于无中生有。

第2题:【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,thewidelyheldviewofArchean-agegold-quartzveinsystemsisthatsuchsystems________.文章认为,人们认为太古代金石英脉系统________。

A.wereformedfrommetamorphicfluidsA.由变质流体形成

B.originatedinmoltengranitelikebodiesB.起源于熔融花岗岩状体

C.wereformedfromalluvialdepositsC.由冲积物形成

D.generallyhavesurfaceexpressionD.一般有地表表现

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词widelyheld定位到第一段第二句,该处讲到“人们普遍持有的观点就是这些太古代金石英脉是由变质流体沉积的(depositedfrommetamorphicfluids)。”,结合选项,A选项符合文章内容,因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“起源于熔融花岗岩状体”:对应第一段第一句“根据最近的一项理论(recenttheory),太古代金石英脉系统是在20亿年前由岩浆流体形成的(formedover...frommagmaticfluids)。”,可知这不是人们普遍认为的,而是最新理论认为的,属于偷换概念;

C选项“由冲积物形成”:对应第一段第二句“这些系统是由变质流体沉积的,即由湿的沉积岩脱水过程(duringthedehydrationofwetsedimentaryrocks)中形成的流体沉积(fluidsthatformed)的。”,可知不是冲积物,而是沉积岩脱水形成的,属于偷换概念;

D选项“一般有地表表现”:对应第一段最后一句“但大多数尚未发现的矿床都没有被发现,因为它们被埋在地下,没有地表表现(havenosurfaceexpression)。”,可知人们认为太古代金石英脉系统没有地表表现,属于反向干扰。

第3题:【选项释义】

Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingstepswouldbethefirstperformedbyexplorerswhowishtomaximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold?这篇文章暗示,想要最大限度地提高发现黄金的机会,勘探人员首先会采取下列哪一步?

A.Surveyingseveralsitesknowntohavebeenformedmorethantwomillionyearsago.A.调查几个已知形成于200万年前的遗址。

B.Limitingexplorationtositesknowntohavebeenformedfrommetamorphicfluid.B.将勘探限制在已知由变质流体形成的地点。

C.Usinganappropriateconceptualmodeltoselectasiteforfurtherexploration.C.使用合适的概念模型选择场地进行进一步勘探。

D.Usinggeophysicalmethodstoanalyzerocksoverabroadarea.D.使用地球物理方法分析大面积的岩石。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词maximizetheirchancesofdiscoveringgold定位到第二段倒数一、二句,该处讲到“为了最大限度地增加发现金子的机会(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人员必须特别注意选择最有可能矿化的地层(selectingthegroundformations)。这种地面选择在不同程度上依赖于概念模型(reliestovaryingdegreesonconceptualmodels),这些模型考虑了相关因素的理论研究。”,可知勘探人员需要依赖于概念模型,选择合适的场地进行勘探,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“调查几个已知形成于200万年前的遗址”:文中没有提到形成于200万年前的遗址,属于无中生有;

B选项“将勘探限制在已知由变质流体形成的地点”和D选项“使用地球物理方法分析大面积的岩石”:对应第二段第二、三句“目前广泛使用的方法包括分析航空图像以获得广泛的地质概况(geologicaloverview),使用地球物理技术(geophysicaltechniques)得出所调查岩石的磁性、电性和矿物学性质数据……但是,如果应用这些高技术方法的地点从未矿化,这些方法就没有任何价值(noneofthesehigh-technologymethodsareofanyvalue)。”,可知这两种方法适用于已经矿化的地方,不适用于未经矿化的地方,不能最大程度地发现金子,属于本末倒置。

第4题:【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiscoveriesofgolddepositsissupportedbyinformationinthepassage?关于发现金矿的陈述,下列哪项文中有信息支持?

A.Itisunlikelythatnewlydiscoveredgolddepositswilleveryieldasmuchasdidthosedepositsdiscoveredduringtheoriginalgoldrushes.A.新发现的金矿产量不太可能达到最初淘金热时期的水平。

B.Modernexplorersaredividedonthequestionoftheutilityofsimpleprospectingmethodsasasourceofnewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.B.在简单找矿方法作为新发现金矿来源的应用问题上,现代探索者们存在分歧。

C.Modelsbasedonthetheorythatgoldoriginatedfrommagmaticfluidshavealreadyledtonewdiscoveriesofgolddeposits.C.基于金起源于岩浆流体理论的模型,人们发现了新的金矿。

D.Newdiscoveriesofgolddepositsarelikelytobetheresultofexplorationtechniquesdesignedtolocateburiedmineralization.D.新发现的金矿很可能是定位埋藏矿物的勘探技术的结果。

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第二段,该处讲到“勘探的挑战是了解某地区的地下地质状况,并且查明埋藏矿物的位置(pinpointthepositionofburiedminerals)。”,紧接着提到各项勘探技术,可知找到金矿需要定位埋藏矿物的地方,并且需要勘探技术,因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“新发现的金矿产量不太可能达到最初淘金热时期的水平”:文中没有提到,属于无中生有;

B选项“在简单找矿方法作为新发现金矿来源的应用问题上,现代探索者们存在分歧”:对应第二段倒数第二句“但是,如果应用这些高技术方法的地点从未矿化,这些方法就没有任何价值,因此,为了最大限度地增加发现金子的机会(tomaximizethechancesofdiscovery),勘探人员必须特别注意选择最有可能矿化的地层。”,这里的两种方法不是相互对立,可以同时使用,属于偷换概念;

C选项“基于金起源于岩浆流体理论的模型,人们发现了新的金矿”:文章没有提到这个模型让人们新发现了金矿,属于无中生有。

2.单选题

Ise-mailablessingoracurse?Lastmonth,afteraweek’svocation,Idiscovered1218unreade-mailmessageswaitinginmybox.Ipretendedtobedismayed,butsecretlyIwaspleased.Thisishowwemeasureourwiredworthinthelate1990s.Ifyouaren’toverwhelmedbye-mail,youmustbedoingsomethingwrong.

E-mail.Can’tlivewithit,can’tlivewithoutit.Artistsandrealartists,advertisersandfreedomfighters,loversandswornenemies—they’veallflockedtoe-mailastheywouldtoanynewmediumofexpression.E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.Booksarewritten,campaignsconducted,crimescommitted—allviae-mail.Butitisalsoinconvenient,wastesourtime,isolatesusinfrontofourcomputersandintroducesmorecomplexityintoouralreadytoo-hurriedlives.Toskeptics,e-mailisjustthelatestchapterintheevolvinghistoryofhumancommunication.

Yete-mailallonlinecommunicationisinfactsomethingtrulydifferent;itcapturestheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcenturywithanauthoritythatfewotherproductsofdigitaltechnologycanclaim.Doesthepaceoflifeseemeverfaster?E-mailsimultaneouslyallowsustocopewiththataccelerationandcontributestoit.Areourattentionspansshrivelingunderbarragesofnew,improvedformsofstimulation?Thequickanddirtye-mailismadetoorderforthosewhoseabilitytoconcentrateismeasuredinnanoseconds.Ifweacceptthatthecreationoftheglobal-spanningInternetisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthiscentury,thenwemustgivee-mail,thelivingembodimentofhumanconnectionacrosstheNet,prideofplace.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging;e-mailisboththecatalystandtheinstrumentofthatchange.

1.Accordingtothepassage,e-mailisconvenientbecauseit()

2.Theauthorofthispassageisaboute-mail()

3.Whichofthefollowingphrasesistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“give...prideofplace”inParagraph3?

4.AllthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT()

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.savesourtime

B.introducesmorecomplexityintoourtoo-upsetlives

C.makescommunicationpossible

D.enrichourlives

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.positive

C.negative

D.firm

问题3选项

A.takeprideintheplace

B.beproudof

C.give...themostimportantposition

D.putstresson

问题4选项

A.E-mailnotonlyallowsustocopewiththefasterpaceoflifebutalsomakesitaccelerated

B.Thewayweinteractwitheachotherischanging

C.E-mailcanhelpusmanageourever-more-complexlives

D.Onlyadvertisersmakeuseofe-mail

问题5选项

A.E-mailisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicalinnovationsofthelasthalfofthe20thcentury.

B.E-mailistheinstrumentthatbringsaboutgreatchangesinhumanconnection.

C.E-mailhelpsusunderstandtheessenceoflifeatthecloseofthe20thcentury.

D.E-mailisnotonlyconvenientbutalsoinconvenient.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第四句“E-mailisconvenient,savestime,bringsusclosertooneanother,andhelpsusmanageourever-more-complexlives.”可知选项A正确。

2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Ifweacceptthat,prideofplace.”如果我们承认,创建全球范围的互联网是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一,那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置,因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。。由此可知作者对电子邮件态度是积极的。

3.语义题。结合原文句意:如果我们承认,全球互联网的创建是本世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一,那么我们就必须将电子邮件放在头等重要的位置,因为这是互联网上人与人之间联系的生动的体现。prideofplace指头等重要的位置,选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段可知不仅仅是广告商,还艺术家,自由斗士,情侣以及敌人都用电子邮件,所以选项D错误。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要主要围绕电子邮件讲述了其特点和作用,意在指出电子邮件是20世纪后半叶最重要的技术创新之一。所以选项A最能概括全文。

3.单选题

Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,()Darwin’sTheoryofEvolution.

问题1选项

A.aswasthecasewith

B.suchasthecaseof

C.asitdidwith

D.asinthecaseof

【答案】A

【解析】考查as的用法。as在句中是关系代词,引导非限定性定语从句,经常用于asis/wasthecasewith结构中,用具体事例说明主句的概括和结论。句意:科学的进步往往遭到强烈的反对,达尔文的进化论便是如此。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thereare()differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

问题1选项

A.legible

B.laden

C.radical

D.medieval

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:理论和实践之间有根本的区别。故选C。

5.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Sheislookingforagift.

B.Sheneedsanewpurse.

C.She’sgoingtogiveabirthdayparty.

D.Shewantstogoshoppingwithhermom.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Yousaidthatyouwantedtogoshoppingthisevening.Whatdoyouwanttoget?

W:IthinkI'dliketogetmymomanewpurseforherbirthday.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】女士说:IthinkI'dlike

togetmymomanewpurseforherbirthday(我想给我妈妈买个钱包作为她的生日礼物)。

6.翻译题

1.科学家认为,出生在夏天将赋予你开朗的性情,而出生在冬天则可能给你的快乐蒙上永久的阴影。实验表明,出生的季节会极大地影响人体生物钟运转的速度。冬天出生的人体内的生物钟运转得太慢,从而可能对健康和性格产生影响。这一离奇有趣的理论来自一项对老鼠的研究,该研究把刚出生的老鼠暴露在不等量的光线下长达数月。

2.有些老鼠被放置在夏天的光照条件下,每天有16小时的“白天”和8个小时的“黑夜”。其他老鼠则只有8个小时的“白天”,和冬天昼短夜长的光照条件类似。在这些老鼠断奶后,它们被放置在相同的光照周期中长达数周,或转换到相反的光照环境。最后,科学家把它们都放置到黑暗中,观察它们的反应。

3.根据《自然神经科学》杂志的报道,那些在夏天的光照条件下成长起来的老鼠像往常一样作息,而那些在缺少光线的环境中成长起来的老鼠在应对这一变化时却显得吃力。研究者道格拉斯•麦克马洪教授说:“在冬天的光照周期中成长起来的老鼠对于季节的变化表现出夸大的反应,这和得了季节性情感抑郁症的人类病患的反应极其相似。”

【答案】1.Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadowoveryourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

2.Someratsweregivensummerconditionsof16hoursoflightandeighthoursofdarknessperday.Othershadonlyeighthoursofdailylight,tomimictheshortdaysofwinter.

3.Thoserearedinsummerconditionskepttoadailyroutine,butthosebroughtupinlittlelightstruggledtocopewiththechange,thejournalNatureNeurosciencereports.

7.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,the______betweentherichandthepoorisgrowing,withthegapwideningyearly.

问题1选项

A.penury

B.disparity

C.amelioration

D.languidness

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.penury贫困,贫穷B.disparity不等,不一致

C.amelioration改进,改善D.languidness疲倦,阴沉

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据后半句句意“随着贫富差距每年的扩大”可以推知,穷人和富人之间的差异同样也在扩大,空格处表示“不平等,差异”符合句意,因此该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】在美国,随着贫富差距每年的扩大,穷人与富人之间的不平等也在扩大。

8.单选题

Stop______alloverJulianna;foronce,lethermakeherownbreakfastandprepareherowncupofmorningcoffee.

问题1选项

A.fawning

B.calculating

C.flattering

D.praising

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项fawn“讨好”,B项calculate“计算,预测”,C项flatter“奉承,谄媚”,D项praise“赞扬,(尤指唱歌)歌颂(上帝)”。由后面的句子意思“让她自己做早餐,自己准备一杯早餐咖啡”结合选项内容可推测,Stop______alloverJulianna表示“不要对朱莉安娜献殷勤”,B、D选项排除;C选项一般后面直接跟人,即flattersb.;只有A项可以表示fawnon/oversb.(奉承、讨好)。句意:不要对朱莉安娜献殷勤,这一次,让她自己做早餐,自己准备一杯早餐咖啡。因此,该题选择A项。

9.单选题

Theguides(

)thetouriststogetheratthehotelgate.

问题1选项

A.accumulated

B.collected

C.assembled

D.resembled

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。accumulate“积累;累积”:collect“收集”;assemble“聚集;集合”;resemble“类似,像”。根据后文“togetheratthehotelgate”可知是在门口集合,因此选项C符合题意。句意:这些导游让游客在酒店门口集合。

10.单选题

Itisaruleinhisfamilythat()comeshomeearliershouldcookthedinnerforthefamily.

问题1选项

A.anybody

B.who

C.whothat

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】句意:无论是谁回家得早,都应该给家人做晚饭,这是他家的规定。

语法题。考查名词性从句引导词。空格所在句为主语从句而且从句中缺主语。A不能引导从句,故排除。B项表示“谁”,具有特指的情况,不符合语境。C项的“who和that”不能搭配引导主语从句。whoever有两个词义:(l)nomatterwho,在这种用法时引导一个让步状语从句;(2)anybodythat(who),在这种用法时,它连接一个名词性从句,因此,在本题中它连接的是主语从句。

11.单选题

)withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.

问题1选项

A.Whencompared

B.Whilecomparing

C.Compare

D.Comparing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当与摩天大楼的高度相比吋,这座山看起来根本不高。

语法题。考查过去分词做状语。此句主语为thismountain,前半句为动词compare的过去分词做比较状语。分句中动词compare与逻辑主语thismountain之间是被动关系,故选A。

12.单选题

Professionalphotographersgenerallyregardinadvertentsurrealisminaphotographasacurseratherthanablessing;magazinephotographers,inparticular,considerthemselves()totheextentthattheycan()itspresenceintheirphotographs.

问题1选项

A.skillful,enhance

B.inadequate,eliminate

C.original,demonstrate

D.fortunate,minimize

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词与动词辨析。A选项skillful,enhance“熟练的;巧妙的”,“提高;加强;增加”;B选项inadequate,eliminate“不充分的,不适当的”,“消除;排除”;C选项original,demonstrate“原来的;开始的;首创的,新颖的,创新的;原作的”,“证明;展示;论证”;D选项fortunate,minimize“幸运的;侥幸的;吉祥的;带来幸运的”,“使减到最少;小看,极度轻视;最小化”。句意:一般而言,专业摄影家将摄影作品中由疏忽而致的超现实主义视作一种灾祸而非幸事;尤其是杂志摄影家,只要能在摄影作品中将它的存在减少到最低程度,他们便视自己为相当幸运的了。因此D答案正确。

13.单选题

Thechildren’shystericalcrying()thewomandoctorfromcompletingtheexamination.

问题1选项

A.forbade

B.refrained

C.hindered

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项forbid“禁止;不允许”;B选项refrain“克制;避免;制止”;C选项hinder“阻止;打扰”;D选项restrict“限制;约束”。句意:这些孩子们歇斯底里的哭泣阻止这位女医生完成这个检查。结合句意判断出选项C正确。

14.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.(但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段,否则你无法做到这一点)可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”;A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”,B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.(40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层,他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间)可知选B选项“40多岁的人”;A选项“年轻人经常换工作”,C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity(在我看来,两代人之间的差异不是一个问题,而是一个机会)可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题,不如说是一个机会”;A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”,B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及;根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.(产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同,但基本上这四个阶段是入门,成长,成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理,我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值)可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性,D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.(一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛,表现出色,并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力)可知选A选项“入门阶段”;B“增长阶段”,C选项“成熟阶段”,D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.(我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到,而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质,即智慧和经验)可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧,经验和负担能力”,同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符;A选项“他们善于推销自己”,B选项“他们很听话,很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Takingalow-doseaspirineverydaywillreduceyourchancesofdyingfromcancer,scientistssaytoday,confirmingtheover-the-counterpillsasthemostextraordinarydrugyetdiscovered.

Dailyaspirinhasalreadybeenshowntocutthechancesofheartattacksandstrokeinpeoplewhoareatrisk.ThestudypublictodayintheLancetmedicaljournalrevealsthatitalsohasapowerfulpreventiveactionagainstarangeofcancersandpossiblymoreofthemthanthereiscurrentlyenoughevidencetoprove.

Whilethedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysayitisnotforthemtomakerecommendations,theleadauthor,46-year-oldProfPeterRothwellfromOxfordUniversity,sayshehasbeentakingaspirinforthelasttwoyears.Thebeneficialdoseis75mg-aquarterofastandardtablet,whichis300mg.Somepharmaciesselllow-dosetablets,butatahigherprice.

Rothwellandhiscolleagueshavealreadyshownthatdailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.Forthestudypublishedtoday,theyexaminedallthedatatheycouldfindfromwell-conductedtrialsthathadassessedtheuseofaspirinagainstacontroldrugandhadrecordeddeathsfromcancer.

Ineighttrialsinvolvingmorethan25,000patients,theyfoundtherewere21%fewerdeathsafterfiveyearsamongthosewhotookadailyaspirintablet,comparedwiththosewhodidnot.Theeffectwasmostnoticeableingastrointestinalcancers,wheredeathsdroppedby54%.

Patientsinaspirintrials20yearsagowerestill20%lesslikelytodieofasolidtumorand35%lesslikelytodieofgastrointestinalcancer.

Theyfoundthattheeffectsoftheaspirinseemedtokickinforpancreatic,brain,esophagealandlungcancer(generallynotthesorttriggeredbysmoking)afterpatientshadbeentakingitforfiveyearsormore.Forstomachandcolorectalcancer,theeffectswereseenafter10yearsandforprostatecancerafter15years.After20years,theriskofdeathfromprostatecancerwasreducedby10%,forlungcancerby30%,forcolorectalcancerby40%andforesophagealcancerby60%.

Thescientistsbelievebenefitsmaybeevengreaterthantheycouldestablish.

Theimpactonpancreas,stomachandbraincancerswasdifficulttoquantifyexactlybecauseofsmallernumbersofdeaths,theysay.Therecouldbeaneffectinbreastandovariancancers,butthereisnotenoughtrialdatatoproveit.

Thoseinthetrialstookaspirinforonlyfourtoeightyears.Rothwellbelievesthatifpeopletookaspirinfor20-30years,fromtheageofaround45or50,theymightsubstantiallyreducetheriskofcancer,whichsteadilyincreasesaspeopleage.

Rothwellandcolleaguesbelievetheirfindingsshouldtipthebalanceofrisk/benefitinfavourofdailyaspirindosing.Whilemillionsofpeoplestartedtakingthetabletsafterevidencethatitcuttheirchancesofheartattacksandstroke,therehasbeensomethingofamedicalback-pedaling,becauseaspirincancausestomachbleeding.

1.Over-the-counterpillsrefertodrugsthatcanbeobtained().

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Theeffectofadailyaspirintabletwasmostnoticeablein().

4.Howmanyyearsdidthosepatientstakeaspirinsintheeighttrials?

5.Forcolorectalcancer,theeffectsoftheaspirinwereseenafter()years.

问题1选项

A.withinthetouchofthecustomersontheshelf

B.withoutaprescriptionfromthedoctor

C.bywayofnotpayingtoomuchmoney

D.underthecoverageofmedicalinsurance

问题2选项

A.Dailyaspirincutsdeathratesfromcolorectalcancerbymorethanathird.

B.Aspirinhasaneffectinbreastandovariancancers.

C.The

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