考研考博-英语-成都信息工程大学银杏酒店管理学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都信息工程大学银杏酒店管理学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知everything为定语从句的先行词，everything后面所接部分是修饰everything的定语从句；thereis结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。

2.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured（）thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inregardto

B.inlinewith

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语。inregardto“关于”；inlinewith“符合，与……一致”；intermsof“依据，按照”；bymeansof“用，依靠”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从C与D选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项C符合题意。

3.翻译题

GenerationJoblessThenumberofyoungpeopleoutofworkgloballyisnearlyasbigasthepopulationoftheUnitedStates

"YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavetheminlimbo.

1.Thosewhostarttheircareersonthedolearemorelikelytohavelowerwagesandmorespellsofjoblessnesslaterinlife,becausetheyloseoutonthechancetoacquireskillsandself-confidenceintheirformativeyears.

Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.OECDfiguressuggestthat26m15-to24-year-oidsindevelopedcountriesarenotinemployment,educationortraining;thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobhasrisenby30%since2007.TheInternationalLabourOrganisationreportsthat75myoungpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleinemergingmarketsareeconomicallyinactive.Dependingonhowyoumeasurethem,thenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica(311m).

2.Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingeconomiespopulationgrowthisfastestincountrieswithdysfunctionallabourmarkets,suchasIndiaandEgypt.

Theresultisan"areofunemployment",fromsouthernEuropethroughnorthAfricaandtheMiddleEasttoSouthAsia,wheretherichworld'srecessionmeetsthepoorworld'syouthquake.TheangeroftheyoungjoblesshasalreadyburstontothestreetsintheMiddleEast.Violentcrime,generallyindeclineintherichworld,isrisinginSpain,ItalyandPortugal—countrieswithstartlinglyhighyouthunemployment.

Willgrowthgivethemajob?

Themostobviouswaytotacklethisproblemistoreignitegrowth.Thatiseasiersaidthandoneinaworldplaguedbydebt,andisanywayonlyapartialanswer.Thecountrieswheretheproblemisworst(suchasSpainandEgypt)sufferedfromhighyouthunemploymentevenwhentheireconomiesweregrowing.

3.Throughouttherecessioncompanieshavecontinuedtocomplainthattheycannotfindyoungpeoplewiththefightskills.Thisunderlinestheimportanceoftwoothersolutions:reforminglabourmarketsandimprovingeducation.Thesearefamiliarprescriptions,butonesthatneedtobedeliveredwithbothanewvigourandanewtwist.

Youthunemploymentisoftenatitsworstincountrieswithrigidlabourmarkets.Cartelisedindustries,hightaxesonhiring,strictrulesaboutfiring,highminimumwages:allthesehelpcondemnyoungpeopletothestreetcomer.SouthAfricahassomeofthehighestunemploymentsouthoftheSahara,inpartbecauseithaspowerfultradeunionsandrigidrulesabouthiringandfiring.Manycountriesintheareofyouthunemploymenthavehighminimumwagesandheavytaxesonlabour.Indiahasaround200lawsonworkandpay.

Deregulatinglabourmarketsisthuscentraltotacklingyouthunemployment.Butitwillnotbeenoughonitsown.Britainhasaflexiblelabourmarketandhighyouthunemployment.Incountrieswithbetterrecords,governmentstendtotakeamoreactiveroleinfindingjobsforthosewhoarestruggling.Germany,whichhasthesecond-lowestlevelofyouthunemploymentintherichworld,paysaproportionofthewagesofthelongtermunemployedforthefirsttwoyears.TheNordiccountriesprovideyoungpeoplewith"personalisedplans"togetthemintoemploymentortraining.ButthesepoliciesaretooexpensivetoreproduceinsouthernEurope,withtheirmillionsofunemployed,letalonetheemergingworld.

4.Acheaperapproachistoreformlabour-hungrybitsoftheeconomv—forexample,bymakingiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetlicences,orconstructioncompaniestogetapprovalforprojects,orshopstostayopenintheevening.

ThegraduateglutAcrosstheOECD,peoplewholeftschoolattheearliestopportunityaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasuniversitygraduates.Butitisunwisetoconcludethatgovernmentsshouldsimplycontinuewiththeestablishedpolicyofboostingthenumberofpeoplewhograduatefromuniversity.InbothBritainandtheUnitedStatesmanypeoplewithexpensiveliberal-artsdegreesarefindingitimpossibletogetdecentjobs.InnorthAfricauniversitygraduatesaretwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.

5.Whatmattersisnotjustnumberofyearsofeducationpeopleget,butitscontent.Thismeansexpandingthestudyofscienceandtechnologyandclosingthegapbetweentheworldofeducationandtheworldofwork—forexamplebyupgradingvocationalandtechnicaleducationandbyforgingcloserrelationsbetweencompaniesandschools.Germany’slong-establishedsystemofvocationalschoolingandapprenticeshipsdoesjustthat.Othercountriesarefollowingsuit:SouthKoreahasintroduced“meister”schools,Singaporehasboostedtechnicalcolleges,andBritainisexpandingapprenticeshipsandtryingtoimprovetechnicaleducation.

Closingthegapwillalsorequireachangeofattitudefrombusiness.Somecompanies,rangingfromIBMandRolls-RoycetoMcDonald’sandPremierInn,arerevampingtheirtrainingprogrammes,butthefearthatemployeeswillbepoacheddiscouragesfirmsfrominvestingintheyoung.Therearewaysofgettingaroundtheproblem:groupsofemployerscanco-operatewithcollegestodesigntrainingcourses,forexample.6.Technologyisalsoreducingthecostoftraining:programmesdesignedaroundcomputergamescangiveyoungsterssomevirtualexperience,andonlinecoursescanhelpapprenticescombineon-the-jobtrainingwithacademicinstruction.

Theproblemofyouthunemploymenthasbeengettingworseforseveralyears.Butthereareatlastsomereasonsforhope.7.Governmentsaretryingtoaddressthemismatchbetweeneducationandthelabourmarket.Companiesarebeginningtotakemoreresponsibilityforinvestingintheyoung.Andtechnologyishelpingdemocratiseeducationandtraining.Theworldhasarealchanceofintroducinganeducation-and-trainingrevolutionworthyofthescaleoftheproblem.

【答案】1.那些靠救济金过活的人工资更低，人生后期也会经历更多次的失业，因为他们在性格形成期已经失去了获得技能和自信的机会。

2.有两个因素起了很大作用。首先，西方的长期放缓生产速度减少了对劳动力的需求，年轻人比老员工更容易被解雇。其次，在新兴经济体中，劳动力市场功能失调的国家，如印度和埃及，人口增长却最快。

3.有些公司经历了衰退的整个过程，却仍然抱怨找不到合适的年轻技术工人。这强调了另外两个解决方案的重要性：改革劳动力市场和改善教育。这些措施广为人知，但是要做出这些改革，还需要新的勇气和新策略。

4.更廉价的方法是改革经济中急需劳动力的企业——例如，简化小型企业的注册程序，简化建筑公司招标的审批程序，让商店更容易地在晚上照常营业等等。

5.重要的不仅是人们受教育的年限，还有教育的内容。这意味着扩大科技研究，缩小理论教育和实际用工之间的差距。比如，可以通过升级职业教育和技术教育，将学校和公司更紧密地联系起来等等方式加以实现。

6.应用技术也可以减少培训成本：可将培训设计成电脑游戏，从而让年轻人得到虚拟体验。同时，在线课程可以帮助学徒把在职培训内容与大学课程融合起来。

7.政府正努力解决教育和劳动力市场之间的不匹配问题。公司开始在投资年轻人方面承担起更多的责任。应用某些技术也有助于推行教育和培训的民主化。

4.单选题

ArapidmeansoflongdistancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStatessettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.

Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860stherewerethousandsofmilesorrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.ActualworkonthisprojectfromCaliforniausedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadeandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemid-19thcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

问题1选项

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackoftranscontinentalrailroad

问题2选项

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfanninginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborsformEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

问题3选项

A.settlementsspreadwestward

B.thecoast-to-coastrailroad:avitallink

C.Americanrailroadhistory

D.theimportanceofrailroadsintheAmericaneconomy

问题4选项

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

问题5选项

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到文中第一段最后两句话“Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafer,effectivestoppingsystem.（早期的火车都是些不切实际的玩意，在很长一段时间里，铁路公司都遇到了一些机械问题。最严重的问题是建造能承受荷载的轨道，以及开发更安全、更有效的刹车系统。）”，由此可知是火车铁轨质量不好，刹车系统还有待完善。A选项“铁路质量差，刹车系统不可靠”正确；B选项“缺乏对发展的财政支持”；C选项“有限铁路线路”和D选项“缺乏横贯大陆的铁路”文中都没有提到，因此A选项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文中第三段倒数第二、三句话“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.（1896年，两组人在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。许多游客为了这一盛事来到那里。）”由此可知人们为了看两组工队的相遇来到了施工现场。A选项“导致了西方工业和农业的迅速发展”文中没有提到；B选项“吸引了许多游客到建筑工地”正确；C选项“吸引欧洲的劳动力”和D选项“鼓励人们到全国各地旅游”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。

3.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲述了早期美国铁路遇到的问题，第二段主要讲述了解决这些问题后美国铁路路线变多，第三段主要讲述了美国第一条贯穿大陆的铁路建设，第四段主要讲述该铁路的作用，由此可知本文主要讲述了美国铁路交通的发展。A选项“西方世界殖民扩张”；B选项“海岸到海岸的铁路重要的连接”和D选项“铁路在美国经济中的重要性”都没有C选项“美国的铁路历史”更符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第二句话“In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwithPacific.（1862年国会授权两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加州往西和加州往东汇合的铁路，以便建成横穿大陆连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。）”和第三段的倒数第三句话“In1896theymetatplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.（1896年，他们在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。）”，由此可知，该贯穿大陆的铁路从修建到完成共花了7年时间。因此B选项正确。

5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段“Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfanningbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.InlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanotherithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.（这条铁路在鼓励西进运动方面起了非常重要的作用。它还通过运输原材料和将产品迅速分销到遥远的市场，帮助建立了工业和农业。它把城镇和人们联系在一起，帮助统一了美国。）”，由此可推断出该公路是为了在全国各地建立四通八达的铁路网，发展各地经济。A选项“政府支持这样一项任务的可能性”与文章关系不大；B选项“探索犹他州的需要”弱化了该公路的作用；C选项“连接东海岸和西海岸的需要。”正确；D选项“在西部发展铁路工业的需要”文章没有提到，因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets.Inlinkingtownsandpeopletooneanother,ithelpedunifytheUnitedStates.

1.ThemajorproblemswithAmerica’srailroadsysteminthemiddleI9lhcenturylayin（）.

2.Thebuildingofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem（）.

3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

4.Theconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroadtook（）.

5.Whatmostlikelymadepeoplethinkaboutatranscontinentalrailroad?

问题1选项

A.poorqualityrailsandunreliablestoppingsystems

B.lackoffinancialsupportfordevelopment

C.limitedrailroadlines

D.lackofatranscontinentalrailroad

问题2选项

A.broughtaboutarapidgrowthofindustryandfarminginthewest

B.attractedmanyvisitorstotheconstructionsites

C.attractedlaborersfromEurope

D.encouragedpeopletotravelalloverthecountry

问题3选项

A.SettlementsSpreadWestward

B.TheCoast-to-CoastRailroad:AVitalLink

C.AmericanRailroadHistory

D.TheImportanceofTrainsintheAmericanEconomy

问题4选项

A.9years

B.7years

C.4years

D.3years

问题5选项

A.Thepossibilityofgovernmentsupportforsuchatask.

B.TheneedtoexploreUtah.

C.Theneedtoconnecttheeastcoastwiththewest.

D.Theneedtodeveloptherailroadindustryinthewest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem(最严重的问题是建设能承重的铁轨和开发安全、有效的（火车）制动系统),由此可知A项“质量差的铁轨和不可靠的制动系统”正确。

2.细节事实题。最后一段指出:Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestwardmovement.Italsohelpedbuildupindustryandfarmingbymovingrawmaterialsandbydistributingproductsrapidlytodistantmarkets(在鼓励西进运动方面,铁路（即美国的第一个横贯大陆的铁路）非常重要。它通过运输原材料和快速地把产品分配到更远的市场也帮助加强了工业和农业（的发展）),由此可知A项“带来了西部工业和农业的快速发展”正确。

3.主旨大意题。第一段提出:火车成为了美国陆地交通的最好方式,第二段讲述美国第一条横贯大陆铁路系统的修建。因此B项“横贯大陆的铁路:重要的连接”适合作文章标题。

4.判断推理题。第二段指出:In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(1862年,国会授权两家西部铁路公司建设从内布拉斯加州往西和从加利福尼亚州往东到一个汇聚点的铁路线,以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸和太平洋地区的横贯大陆的铁路线),以及:Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater(这个工程的实际工作在4年后开始),以及:In1869theymetataplacecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah,manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion(1869年,他们在如今犹他州一个名为普罗蒙特里的地方相遇,很多游客为了这伟大的吋刻而去那里),由此可知横贯大陆的铁路线建设时间为1866—1869年,供3年,故选D。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific(以便完成一条连接大西洋沿岸（即文中指代的美国东海岸）和太平洋地区（即文中指代的美国西部）的横贯大陆的铁路线),故选C“需要连接东海岸和西部”。

6.单选题

Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot()closeexamination.

问题1选项

A.putupwith

B.keepupwith

C.standupto

D.lookupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。putupwith“忍受，容忍”；keepupwith“赶得上；和……保持联系”；standupto“经得起；抵抗”；lookupto“尊敬”。句意：虽然这些假钞愚弄了许多人，但他们经不起仔细检查。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Itmightbesupposedthatgreaterefficiencycouldbeachievedifseveralpeopleworkedtogethertosolveaproblemthanifonlyoneindividualworksonit.

Althoughgroupsoftenmayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereareconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroup.Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirection,butalsopermitstheorderly,constructiveexpressionofdifferentopinions;muchoftheleader’seffortmaybedevotedtoresolvingdifferences.Successinproblemsolvingalsodependsonthedistributionofabilitywithinagroup.

Althoughgroupsmayreachagreaternumberofcorrectsolutions,ormayrequirelesstimetodiscover

ananswer,theirefficiencyistypicallylowerthanthatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.

Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewhothenproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincreasetheprobabilitythatatleastsomebettersolutionswillappear.Nevertheless,studiesshowthatwhenindividualsworkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendstoproceedmoreefficientlythanitdoesingroups.

Underspecialcircumstances,however,agroupmaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythanacompetentindividualdoes.Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.Whenonlyoneamongseveralsolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigherprobabilityofidentifyingtherightonethandoesanindividualalone.

1.Inagroup,problemsolvingneeds（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,itiseasierforgroupstoreach（）.

3.Theauthorthinksthatunrestrictedsuggestionscanbringabout（）.

4.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatagroupwillbemoreefficientin（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

问题1选项

A.thepresenceofaneffectiveleader

B.thebestwaytocollectresources

C.everyonetoworkharder

D.morefunds

问题2选项

A.mistakestheywanttomake

B.theplacewhichtheywanttogo

C.theplacewheretheywanttorest

D.agreaternumberofcorrectsolutions

问题3选项

A.sometrouble

B.somebettersolutions

C.somemoretime

D.somemoreeffort

问题4选项

A.discussingdirections

B.correctingmistakes

C.dealingwithnationalproblems

D.findingaproblem

问题5选项

A.Agroupofpeoplemaysolveproblemsmoreeffectivelythananindividual.

B.Theefficiencyofagroupisworstintheworld.

C.Agroupwillnotbeefficientindealingwithnationalpolicies.

D.Effectiveleadersoftensolvetheproblemsthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problemsolvingneedsthepresenceofaneffectiveleader...ofdifferentopinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Groupmembersmaycontributedifferentresourcestoasolutionthatnoindividualcanachievealone.”。选项B符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimessocialdemandsmayrequiregroupagreementonasingleissue,asinmakingnationaleconomicormilitarypoliciesunderthegovernments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不正确。

8.单选题

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquite（

）thismorning.

问题1选项

A.insane

B.lucid

C.patient

D.messy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项insane“精神失常的，精神错乱的”；B选项lucid“表达清楚的，头脑清晰的，清醒的”；C选项patient“有耐心的，能忍耐的”；D选项messy“肮脏的，凌乱的”。由but（表示转折关系）可知空格处与前面的delirious（极度亢奋的，精神错乱的）意思相反，因此选B。句意：她昨晚神志不清，但今天早上似乎很清醒。

9.单选题

Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.

问题1选项

A.speed

B.rhythm

C.velocity

D.tempo

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:speed“速度；快速”；B:rhythm“节奏”；C:velocity“速率”；D:tempo“［乐］速度，拍子”。句意：在现代社会，由于城市生活的节奏，人们在日常生活和工作中都有更多焦虑。结合此处语境，B为正确答案。

10.翻译题

新的一年才刚刚开始，你就发现很难坚持“告别垃圾食品、远离沙发、戒烟”这些新年决心了吧？我们很难改掉坏习惯是由于生物学的原因——这些坏习惯根植于我们的大脑中。

1.这并不是让人放弃新年决心的借口。了解不健康的习惯怎样变得根深蒂固可以启发科学家研究出一些让好习惯代替坏习惯的“技巧”。

诺拉•沃尔科夫博士说：“为什么坏习惯更加顽固？因为它能带来即时的犒赏，而这种即时犒赏的力量很强大。”

那么这一点快乐的感觉是怎样转化为一种习惯的呢？这与一种感知快乐的化学物质多巴胺有关。多巴胺使大脑不断期望得到这种犒赏，从而不断加强快乐感与这种行为之间的联系，特别是当它能从周围环境中得到正确的暗示时。

2.

一项“为行为变化买单”的运动可能会对这种联系加以利用，在这项运动中，一些公司给雇员提供“即时报酬”或是“保险回扣”，以激励他们形成更好的习惯。不管这项运动结果如何，研究人员说我们的确可以采取某些行为来对抗坏习惯对大脑的吸引力。

3.那就是，重复，重复，再重复你的新行为，使之成为每天固定时间的例行活动。下决心锻炼？那就每天早上固定时间锻炼，而不要随意找时间，这样会使大脑最终接受这个新习惯。神经学家沃尔科夫也是一个热爱跑步的人，他说：“如果你哪天没锻炼，便会感觉很糟糕。”

运动本身能提升多巴胺的水平，这样尽管运动结束后你的肌肉感觉酸痛，但是你的大脑还是会感觉良好。

【答案】1.That’snotanexcusetogiveup.Understandinghowunhealthybehaviorsbecomeingrainedcanenlightenscientistsonlearningsometricksthatmayhelpusreplacethebadhabitswiththegoodones.

2.Amovementtopaypeopleforbehaviorchangesmayexploitthatconnection,assomecompaniesofferemployeesoutrightpaymentsorinsurancerebatesforadoptingbetterhabits.

3.Repeat,repeat,repeatthenewbehavior—thesameroutineatthesametimeofday.Resolvedtoexercise?Doingitatthesametimeofthemorning,ratherthanfittingitinhaphazardly,willmakethecerebrumrecognizethehabitsoeventually.

11.单选题

Theteamreallylooksgoodtonightbecausethecoachhadthem（）everynightthisweek.

问题1选项

A.practicing

B.practice

C.practiced

D.topractice

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。them是practice的施动者，为主动关系。have是使役动词，主动表达的固定搭配为havesbdosth.让某人做某事。句意：这支团队今晚看起来很不错，因为教练让他们这周每天晚上都训练。此处需要使用动词的原型。故选B。

12.单选题

Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresureitwasacaseof______.

问题1选项

A.vagabond

B.sabotage

C.paradox

D.tachyon

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.vagabond流浪者；无业游民B.sabotage蓄意破坏；刻意阻碍

C.paradox悖论，反论；似是而非的论点D.tachyon速子，超光束粒子

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由前文关键信息“Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficiently（机器被破坏得很厉害）”可推断这是蓄意而为，因此本题正确答案为B选项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】机器被毁坏得如此厉害，以致警方断定这是一起蓄意破坏事件。

13.单选题

（

）amongyoungpeopleisdifficulttoexpectorachieve.

问题1选项

A.Assurance

B.Probability

C.Reliance

D.Conformity

【答案】D

【解析】assurance保证,担保；probability可能性,机率；reliance信赖；conformity一致,符合。句意:很难指望或实现年轻人的服从。选项D符合句意。

14.单选题

Iaskedthetailortomakeasmall（）tomytrousersbecausetheyweretoolong.

问题1选项

A.alteration

B.variation

C.revision

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alteration“修改；更改”；B选项variation“变化；变更”；C选项revision“修正；复习”；D选项change“变化；改变”。alteration尤指部分的改变，可用于服装的改长短；variation一般是指(形式、位置、条件的)变化、改变、变动；revision常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正；change改变，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。句意：我要求裁缝对我的裤子稍作……，因为太长了。句中指的是对trousers“长裤”的修改，因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision

问题1选项

A.resume

B.presume

C.assume

D.consume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。

16.单选题

ThedestructionoftheEarth’sozonelayer,forexample,couldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimals.

问题1选项

A.sufficient

B.improvement

C.prosperity

D.poverty

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项sufficient“足够的；充分的”；B选项improvement“改进，改善；提高”；C选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；D选项poverty“贫困；困难；缺少；低劣”。句意：例如，地球臭氧层的破坏会使紫外线伤害动植物，从而加剧贫困化的进程。结合此处关键词impoverishment“贫穷；致使贫乏或贫瘠之事物；穷困化状况”，得知D选项正确。

17.单选题

To（）forhisunpleasantexperienceshedrankalittlemorethanwasgoodforhim.

问题1选项

A.commence

B.compromise

C.compensate

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。commmence入手；compromise妥协，折中；compensate赔偿；，弥补，抵消；compliment恭维，称赞。由后半句他喝了过多的酒是来消除他不愉快的经历，借酒消愁。故C项正确。

18.单选题

Hebecome（）withthegirlreporterwhoquestionedhimatpressconference.

问题1选项

A.observed

B.obsessed

C.notified

D.troubled

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。becomeobsessedwith为固定搭配，意为痴迷于……。

19.单选题

JustbecauseI’m（）tohim,mybossthinkshecanordermearoundwithoutshowingmeanyrespect.

问题1选项

A.redundant

B.subordinate

C.versatile

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗长的”；B选项subordinate“从属的；次要的”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的”；D选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”。句意：只是因为我是他的下属，我的老板就认为，他可以在对我没有表示任何尊敬的情况下把我差来差去。根据句意可知B选项正确。

20.单选题

Therewasagroupofdemonstrators（）anti-governmentslogansinthesquare.

问题1选项

A.crowing

B.chanting

C.intoning

D.crooning

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。crowing“啼叫”；chanting“喊叫，歌颂”；intoning“吟咏”；crooning“柔情低唱”。句意：一群游行示威者在广场上有节奏的高喊反政府的口号。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Faulkner'sneighborsbothlovedandreviledhiminthesamebreath.

问题1选项

A.scolded

B.revealed

C.revived

D.reveled

【答案】A

【解析】句意：Faulkner的邻居们对他又爱又骂。reviled意为“辱骂，谩骂”。scolded责骂，训斥；revealed透露，显示；revived使复活，使恢复；reveled狂欢，陶醉。选项A与之意思相近。

22.单选题

[A]Standinginthedriveway,thehouse[B]appearedtobemuchsmallerthanithad[C]seemedtous[D]aschildrenmanyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.Standinginthedriveway

B.appeared

C.seemed

D.aschildren

【答案】A

【解析】【答案】A

【考查点】独立主格结构。

【解题思路】Standinginthedriveway（站在车道上）为独立主格结构，结构应该为“名词/代词+现在分词”，Standing的主语为we，因此A选项改为Westandinginthedrivingway。

【句意】站在车道上，这所房子似乎比许多年前我们孩提时所看到的要小得多。

23.单选题

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.reservedly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项reservedly“决然地；断然地”；B选项emphatically“着重地；强调地；断然地”；C选项determinedly“决然地；断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他如此令人信服地发言，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所说服。根据句意，D选项正确。

24.单选题

The（

）ofelectricalenergyintothermalener