考研考博-英语-广州珠江职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州珠江职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

问题1选项

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。proclaimed公告；dwindled减少，变小，缩小；repressed抑制，镇压，约束；indulged放任，放纵。句意：由于市场不景气，工厂的工人已从4000多人减少到几百人。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Hewassenttoanartschoolinthe____thathewastalentedindrawing.

问题1选项

A.pre-mediation

B.prejudice

C.precipitation

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pre-mediation诉前调解B.prejudice偏见

C.precipitation降水；沉淀D.presumption假设；可能正确的事

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】前文内容为“他被送到一所艺术学校”，后文内容为“他在绘画方面有天赋”，根据语义逻辑，他因为有绘画天赋所以被送进了艺术学校。因此，D选项presumption“假设；可能正确的事”，符合语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合语义衔接。

【句意】他被送进了艺术学校因为（家长）以为他有绘画天赋。

3.单选题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptionssothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheir,lead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformances.

Toassesstheimpactofperformance-relatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithsalesofover1billiondollarswhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.

InShort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage—whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

25.Thephrase“featheringtheirownnests”inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____.

26.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

27.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggests?

28.Theword“seduction”(Para.4)probablymeans____.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

30.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

问题1选项

A.sacrificethemselves

B.decoratetheirhomes

C.usetheirpositionforpersonalgains

D.investalotofmoney

问题2选项

A.Todiversifythebusinessofthecorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

问题3选项

A.boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult

B.outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent

C.withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously

D.cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms

问题4选项

A.effortstoconquer

B.attemptstowinover

C.endeavorstoincreaseprofits

D.exertionstounderstand

问题5选项

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

问题6选项

A.doubtful

B.optimistic

C.positive

D.approving

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:A

【解析】25.词汇推测题。

1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“第1段中的词组‘feathertheirownnest’的意思最接近于”，可定位到第1段第1句Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，以阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价____。）由此可知，feathertheirownnest是企业高级经理人的行为，并且这种行为是以牺牲股东利益为代价的。另外，该词组字面的意思是“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”。

2）上下文语义衔接：后文Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbosses’paytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptionssothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.（最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立、将老板们的薪酬与各种绩效指标挂钩和给老板们股票期权，这样他们就和股东们有同样的长期利益。）由此可知，后文讲的是针对1）中的问题，采取的应对措施，这些应对措施都是限制或规范企业高级管理者行为的。

3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，B选项“装饰他们家”与主题无关，排除。

4）搭配用法：本题无需参考

综上所诉，企业高级管理者的行为：feathertheirownnest“用羽毛装饰他们的巢”，牺牲了企业股东的利益，并且给自己带来了好处，C选项“利用职位谋取私利”最符合语境。A选项“牺牲自己”，表述错误，他们牺牲的是股东的利益，而不是他们自己的利益；D选项“投资很多钱”，没有依据，属于无中生有。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

26.推理判断题。

1）句中线索：根据题干“大企业把外来者招进董事会的目的是什么”，可定位到第1段第2句Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,…（最受欢迎的三项改革是招募更多外部董事，使董事会更加独立……）由此可知，企业这么做是企业改革的措施之一，并且这项措施是为了“使董事会更加独立”，因此B选项“加强高级管理人员与董事会之间的合作”表述错误，该选项的“合作”与原文的“独立”相矛盾，属于反向干扰，排除。

2）上下文线索：本文第1段第1句Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，为了“阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利”，美国的企业采取了改革措施，那么改革的目的应该是为了限制高级管理人员的权力，以保护股东的利益，D选项“保护股东利益”，表述符合原文；C选项“对企业管理进行有效改革”，表述也正确，但是，对企业管理进行改革的目的也是为了保护股东的利益，D选项表述更好。A选项“使公司业务多样化”，没有依据，属于无中生有，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

27.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“JamesWestphal教授的研究表明”，可定位到文章第3-5段，这3段详细介绍了JamesWestphal教授的研究结果。

第3段最后一句Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）由此可知，董事会里的外部董事与老板们建立了同盟，B选项“外部董事往往更独立”表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；老板们会花大部分的时间精力取悦外部董事，而不是认真工作，C选项“在董事会里挤满了外部人员的情况下，高级经理们工作起来会更加认真”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除；改革使高层管理人员与董事会之间建立了同盟，反而加强了两者之间的合作，D选项“高层管理人员和董事会之间的合作受到了改革的影响”，表述错误，该选项属于反向干扰，排除。

A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”，可定位到原文第2段最后两句Threepaperspresentedat…thisweeksuggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.（本周在……上发表的三篇论文给出的答案是否定的。就像通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）由此可知，研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，该选项表述符合原文。

2）综合理解：本文第2段总述研究表明改革没有达到预期效果，第3-5段展开详细介绍研究结论，所以A选项“董事会改革未能达到预期效果”表述正确。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

28.词汇推测题。

1）句中前后信息衔接：根据题干“‘seduction’这个词的意思可能是”可定位到原文第4段第1句Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.（这些____往往会成功。）

2）上下文语义衔接：

根据上文第3段最后一句Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.（相反，他发现，董事会里满是外部人士的老板们会花很多时间与外部人士建立联盟，做个人恩情，并且通常会取悦外部人士。）可知，theseseductions指的应该是老板们为了取悦外部董事而做的个人恩情，为了跟他们建立联盟花的很多时间和精力。

根据后文第4段第2句Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。）可知，“成功”指的是企业高管们的行为成功地让董事会做出有利于高管自己的决策。

3）篇章主旨：本文的主题是企业经营管理的改革，A选项“为了征服的努力”、D选项“为了理解付出的努力”与本文主旨无关，排除。

4）搭配用法：本题无需参考。

综上所述，B选项“为了赢得支持的尝试”表述最符合原文；C选项“为了增加利润的努力”表述错误，企业高管们的目的仅仅是为了自己的利益，而不是增加整个企业的利润，该选项属于偷换概念，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

29.事实细节题。

1）精准定位：题干“下列表述正确的是？”

A选项“一般来说，公司主管们的高薪是值得的”，可定位到原文第4段最后两句Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformances.（Westphal发现，在很大程度上，“独立”董事会采取的策略可能更有利于高管而不是股东。这类公司将业务多元化，增加高管薪酬，并削弱薪酬与业绩之间的联系。）由此可知，董事会被高管们收买，而做出有利于高管们利益的决策，增加高管的薪酬，所以选项表述是错误的，该选项属于反向干扰。

B选项“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比”，可定位到第5段最后一句Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）由此可知，高管们更关注自身的利益，而忽视公司整体的利益，那么高管的收入和公司利润成正比就没有依据，该选项表述错误，属于无中生有。

C选项“公司高管们往往利用他们的职位来使自己富有”，可定位到原文第1段第1句Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholder.（在过去的十年里，美国公司一直在努力寻找方法，阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价谋取私利。）由此可知，选项表述正确。

D选项“公司高管的业绩对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”，可定位到第5段最后一句Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.（但研究人员的重大发现是，老板们关注影响自己收入的指标，忽视或淡化其他影响公司整体成功的因素。）原文是说高管们更关注绩效评估体系中影响自己体系的指标，忽视影响公司整体利益的指标，但是选项说的却是高管们的业绩的不同影响，属于偷换概念，排除。

2）综合理解：题干要求选择表述正确的选项，A、B、D选项均表述错误，只有C选项正确，因此，本题最佳选项为C。

30.观点态度题。

1）精准定位：根据题干“作者如何看待限制高级管理人员的努力”，可定位到原文第2段最后3句Buthavetheydoneanygood?Threepapers…suggestnot.Asisusuallythecasewithboardroomtinkering,theconsequenceshavedifferedfromthoseintended.（但是他们产生了好的结果吗？……三篇论文表明，答案是否定的。就像通常的董事会修修补补一样，结果与预期不同。）

2）综合理解：由此可知，对于企业进行的限制高级管理人员的改革，作者的态度的否定的，消极的，A选项“怀疑的，靠不住的”符合原文。B选项“乐观的”、C选项“肯定的”、D选项“满意的”，三个选项的情感基调与原文不符，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

4.单选题

Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocialgroupintheUnitedStates.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroup,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment.

Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon；rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup.

Furthermore,althoughitiscommonlysupposedthatsocialgroupshaveasingleleader,researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem.Groupmembersexpectexpressiveleaderstomaintainstablerelationshipswithinthegroupandprovidesupporttoindividualmembers.

Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveordersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Asthedifferencesinthesetworolessuggest,expressiveleadersgenerallyreceivemorepersonalaffectionfromgroupmembers;instrumentalleaders,iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,mayenjoyamoredistantrespect.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingwaysbywhichpeoplecanbecomeleadersEXCEPT

3.Inmentioning“naturalleaders”inparagraphtwo,theauthorismakingthepointthat

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutleadershipcanbeinferredfromparagraphtwo?

5.Thepassageindicatesthatinstrumentalleadersgenerallyfocuson

问题1选项

A.Theproblemsfacedbyleaders

B.Howleadershipdiffersinsmallandlargegroups

C.Howsocialgroupsdeterminewhowillleadthem

D.Theroleofleadersinsocialgroups

问题2选项

A.recruitment.

B.formalelectionprocess.

C.specificleadershiptraining.

D.traditionalculturalpatterns.

问题3选项

A.fewpeoplequalifyas“naturalleaders'

B.thereisnoproofthat“naturalleaders”exist.

C.“naturalleaders”areeasilyacceptedbythemembersofasocialgroup.

D.“naturalleaders”shareasimilarsetofcharacteristics.

问题4选项

A.Apersonwhoisaneffectiveleaderofaparticulargroupmaynotbeaneffectiveleaderofanothergroup.

B.Fewpeoplesucceedinsharingaleadershiprolewithanotherperson.

C.Apersoncanbestlearnhowtobeaneffectiveleaderbystudyingresearchonleadership.

D.Mostpeopledesiretobeleadersbutcanproducelittleevidenceoftheirqualifications.

问题5选项

A.ensuringharmoniousrelationship.

B.sharingresponsibilitywithgroupmembers.

C.identifyingnewleaders.

D.achievingagoal.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一句，“thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofsocial…”，开篇点题，在美国有很多种方式成为某个团体的领导者。所以主要阐述不同领导者在社会中的角色。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，在家庭、友谊小组或更大的群体中，领导产生的方式不相同，探讨了每一种团体的领导产生方式。选项C符合题意。

3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，“decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”，数十年都没有充足的证据来证明存在“天生领导者”，选项B符合题意。

4.信息推断题。考查对第二段文意的理解。文中提到只要一个人有特定的资质就能成为领导人。根据文章“anypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup”，可以成为特定团体的领导者。选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“…maydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroup’sgoals.”，“…iftheyaresuccessfulinpromotinggroupgoals,…”根据这两句可以得出，工具性领导者更加注重目标一些。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Theywereinadreadful（）whentheirmoney,ticketsandpassportswerestolenwhiletheywereonholiday.

问题1选项

A.conspiracy

B.plight

C.serenity

D.custody

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conspiracy“阴谋，共谋，阴谋集团”；B选项plight“困境，境况，誓约”；C选项serenity“平静，宁静”；D选项custody“保管，监护”。句意：他们度假时钱、机票和护照被盗，陷入了可怕的_____。根据逻辑可知，在度假时丢失了财务，肯定是陷入了困境，因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Asmyexamsarecomingnextweek,I’lltakeadvantageoftheweekendto（

）onsomereading.

问题1选项

A.catchup

B.clearup

C.makeup

D.pickup

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意:下周就要考试了，我要利用周末时间好好看看书。

catchupon弥补不足、吸收，精通;clearup收拾，整理;makeup伪造，化妆;pickup提高（速度），加快（节奏）。因此D项符合句意。

7.单选题

Intheaccidentthewindshieldofthebuswas______.

问题1选项

A.scattered

B.shattered

C.knocked

D.battered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项scatter“撒播，散开，散布”，B项shatter“粉碎，打碎，破坏”，C项knock“敲，打，敲击”，D项batter“连续猛击，虐待殴打”。根据关键词accident“事故”和windshield“挡风玻璃”可知，空格处填入“粉碎”符合句子语境。句意：在事故中，公共汽车的挡风玻璃被震碎了。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

AKoreanmanufacturerhas（

）usapricetenpercentlowerthanyours.

问题1选项

A.referred

B.offered

C.gave

D.told

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer“涉及”；offer“提供”；give“给予”；tell“告诉”。

句意：韩国生产商的出价比你们的低。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Atthefirstglance,aforestappearstobeahaphazardcollectionoftrees,shrubs,vines,andflowers.

问题1选项

A.random

B.total

C.graded

D.synthetic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。haphazard意为“无秩序的，无计划的”；random“随机的，随意的”；total意为“总计的，全部的，彻底的”；graded意为“分级的”；synthetic意为“合成的”。

句意：乍一看，森林似乎是树木、灌木、藤蔓的杂乱无章的组合。

10.单选题

Sincethereissuchanabundanceoffoodinthesea,itisunderstandablethatsomeoftheefficient,highlyadaptable,warm-bloodedmammalsthatevolvedonlandshouldhavereturnedtothesea.Thosethatdiddothathaveflourished.Withinabout50millionyears—notimeatall,geologicallyspeaking—oneofthefourkindsofmammalsthathasreturnedtoamarineenvironmenthasdevelopedintothelargestofallanimalforms,thewhale.Asecondkind,theseal,hasproducedwhatisprobablythegreatestpopulationoflargecarnivorousmammalsonEarth.Thissuggeststhatthese“topdogs”oftheoceanareprosperingandmultiplying.However,suchhasnotbeenthecase,atleastnotforthelast150years.Troublehasclosedinonthesemammalsintheformofequallywarm-bloodedandevenmoreefficientandadaptablepredators,humans.Atsea,asonland,humanshavenowpositionedthemselvesontopofthewholegreatpyramidoflife,andtheyhavecausedseriousproblemsforthemammalsofthesea.

Thereisasimplereasonforthis.Marinemammalshavethemisfortunetobeswimmingaggregatesofcommoditiesthathumanswant:fur,oil,andmeat.Evenso,theymightnotbesovulnerabletohumandepredationiftheydidnot,likehumans,reproducesoslowly.Everyyearhumanstakemorethan50milliontonsoffishfromtheoceanswithoutcriticallydepletingthepopulationofanyspecies.Buttheslow-breedingmammalsoftheseahavebeenallbutwipedoutbyhumansseekingtosatisfytheirwantsandwhims.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmarinemammalsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whatadvantagedidsomelandmammalsgainbyreturningtothesea?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatduringthelast150yearshumanshave（）

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmarinemammalsarelikehumansinwhichofthefollowing

问题1选项

A.Theyhavetheiroriginsonland.

B.Theyhaveevolvedsuccessfullybutarenowthreatenedbyhumans.

C.Theycompetewithoneanotherfortheocean’sfoodsupply.

D.Theyhavemanyofthebiologicaltraitsofhumans.

问题2选项

A.Fewerpredatorsexistinthesea.

B.Morespaceisavailableinthesea.

C.Thereisagreatersupplyoffoodinthesea.

D.Theclimateismorehospitableinthesea.

问题3选项

A.constructedsubmarines

B.learnedhowtoswim

C.threatenedtheexistenceofsomemarinemammals

D.beguntoharvestcertainplantsfromtheoceanasfood

问题4选项

A.Thewhale’sancestorsweredrivenintotheseabyhumans.

B.Thefoodsupplyofsealsisbeingdepletedbyhumans.

C.Thewhaleevolvedfromaspeciesofland-dwellingmammal.

D.Whalesareamoreefficientandadaptablespeciesthanhumans.

问题5选项

A.Theysurvivedespitechangesintheirmetabolicrates.

B.Theyreproduceslowly.

C.Theyareprosperingandmultiplying.

D.Theyaredepletingthevegetationoftheseas

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要讲人类对海洋哺乳动物造成了威胁，选项B符合原文。选项A表述错误，海洋哺乳动物的起源不是陆地而是海洋；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选项B。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段的第一句“Sincethereissuchanabundanceoffoodinthesea,...havereturnedtothesea.”可知选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第一段的后半部分，在过去的150年里，情况并非之前提到的那样，是因为人类把自己置于整个生命金字塔的顶端，这给海洋哺乳动物带来了严重的问题。所以选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。选项A和B在文中没有提及；选项C鲸是从一种陆栖哺乳动物进化而来的，根据原文可知鲸是从陆地返回到海洋的物种之一，所以选项C正确；选项D很明显是错误的，所以本题选项C。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“theymightnotbesovulnerabletohumandepredationiftheydidnot,likehumans,reproducesoslowly.”如果它们不像人类那样繁殖如此缓慢，它们可能就不会那么容易受到人类的掠夺。由此推断，海洋哺乳动物和人类一样繁殖很慢，选项B正确。

11.单选题

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.

Thirdly,inthelastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren'sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobeusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby'sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedlywhymoreandmoreparentsmakeuseofchildcareatthistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassageprimarilyarguesthat（

）.

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”(Para.1,line3)mostprobablymeans（

）.

3.AccordingtoBowlby'sanalysis,itisquitepossiblethat（

）.

4.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthesecondparagraphthat.

5.Thewriterconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhentheyaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

问题2选项

A.leadto

B.disposeto

C.getinto

D.tendtosuffer

问题3选项

A.children'spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtomanynegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybereducedfromchildren’sdevelopment

问题4选项

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.Childreninmodemsocietiescausemoretroublesthanthoseintraditionalsocieties

C.AchilddidnotlivetogetherwithhisparentsamongtheNgoni

D.Childreninsomesocietiesdidnothaveemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromtheparents

问题5选项

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.Itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.Itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.Itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文讨论的是孩子三岁前是否应该去托管所的争议。

2.词义题。第一段中predisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife,根据句意可判断predispose的意思是“易受到”,D项(tendtosuffer)正确。

3.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段:…thatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityand(predispose)toemotionalproblemsinlaterlife(在从出生到三岁这段敏感的“依恋”时期与父母的分离可能会伤及孩子的人格，并在以后的生活中（倾向于）情感问题)。因此C项正确。

4.推断题。定位至第二段:Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.’这句话表明传统社会的父母不会在孩子很小时候和孩子分开，所以A选项错误，而第二句:Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.说明Ngoni父母不会独自抚养他们的孩子，即可推出C选项是正确的。而B项和D项文中没有提到，可以排除。

5.细节题。最后一段:Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy(在三岁或三岁半的时候，几乎所有的孩子都能轻松地过渡到托儿所),说明作者认为等孩子过了三岁再送去托儿所更合理。

12.单选题

Althoughisunusualtodenouncemuseum-goersfornotpainting,itisquitecommon,eventopthose,whoareunenthusiasticaboutsports,tocriticizespectatorsforathletic______.

问题1选项

A.snobbery

B.ignorance

C.arrogance

D.inactivity

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项snobbery“势利，谄上欺下”，B项ignorance“无知，愚昧”，C项arrogance“自大，傲慢态度”，D项inactivity“不做任何事，不活动”。由quitecommon和even可知，前后两句是对应的，那么根据前面的notpainting对应可知，athletic______也要表示否定，且空格部分表示的是事情，并不是人，所以只有D项符合。句意：尽管谴责艺术馆参观者不挥毫作画这样的事甚为罕见，但是即使对于那些并不怎么热衷于体育活动的人来说，去批评体育观众在体育上的不参与，这样的事却相当普遍。因此，该题选择D项。

13.翻译题

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfus