考研考博-英语-延安大学西安创新学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-延安大学西安创新学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Therearemanywhobelievethattheuseofforce___politicalendscanneverbejustified.

问题1选项

A.insearchof

B.inpursuitof

C.inviewof

D.inlightof

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项insearchof“寻找”；B选项inpursuitof“追求”；C选项inviewof“鉴于，由于”；D选项inlightof“根据”。句意：有许多人认为，为追求政治目的而使用武力永远是不正当的。根据句意可知B选项正确。

2.单选题

TheEuropeanonlinefashionbusinessisfierce.Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist.Thoseoncestellaronlinebrandsexpandedtoofast,spentmuchmorethantheyearned,andthenlosttheirinvestorsupportafterInternetstocksbeganplummetinglastApril.Themarketssentonlinefashionstoresatoughmessage:Comeupwithbusinessmodelsthatgeneraterevenues.

AfewfirmshaveshownthatnotallonlinefashionshopsareInternetdisasters.Copenhagen-basedH,thedesigner-labeldiscountstore,Sweden’ssportswearvendorSportusandtheItalianshirtsstoreMarcoBracciaredoingwellinaverytoughenvironment.

Haburi'sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls.AconceptusedintheU.S.farmorethaninEurope,andHaburiwantstofillthegap.MichaelVad,Haburi'sCEO,saysthatEurope'sapparelfactoryoutletsectorcouldyield$10billioninsalesannually.

AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector.“Fortheconsumer,there’sthetwo-hourdrivetothemall,andwhenyougetthereyoudon’tknowwhetheryou’llgetthesizeorcoloryouwant,”saysVad.Bygoingonline,Haburiaimstocuttheretailer'scosts,saveconsumersthelongdrive,anddeliverorderswithintwotofivedays.Haburisplitsnetrevenue50-50withthebrandmanufacturers.

Haburialreadyhasabout30,000onlinecustomers.Theadditional$12millioninvestedinHaburilastJuneindicatesinvestorswillstillbackbusiness-to-consumerInternetcompanies,butonlyiftheyhaveasolidstrategicvisionandnotjustafashionablewhimspurredbyInternethype.SowheredidDressmartandgowrong?“Theyweresupposedtorunoutofmoney.Theywereamongthecompaniesthatonlygotinvestmentmoneyiftheypromisedveryrapidexpansion,”observesOlaAhlvarsson,Stockholm-basedCEOofResultVentureKnowledgeInternational,aventurecapitalfirmthatcontrolsSportus.ButtheruleshavechangedsinceInternetstocksdivedlastyear.

Apparelisdifficulttosellonlinebecausepeopleliketofeelandtouchtheclothestheybuy.Fortheonlineretailer,acquiringtheitems,inspectingthem,cleaningandstoringthembeforeshippingorders,plushandlingreturns,canbeexpensive.“Thecostofcustomerserviceintheapparelbusinessismuchhigherthansellingbooksorevenfurniture,”saysMatthewNordan,aretailanalystatForresterResearch'sAmsterdamoffice.Unlesslinkedtoamajorestablishedoperation,anonlineretailerneedsacompetitiveedge.Forexample,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBraccisellsexpensivegoodsforhighprofitsandhascorneredanichemarket.Dressmart,ontheotherhand,triedtodotoomuchtoosoon.OriginallyitplannedtosellonlyshirtsandtomaketheordinalSwedishoperationprofitablebeforebranchingout.Butwithinmonthsittriedtogopan-Europeanandselleverythingincludingties,shoesandsportswear,andtorentphysicaloutletsatairports.Dressmart,onthevergeofbankruptcyandsearchingforabacker,hasnowscaledbackandoperatesonlyinSweden.

Ahlvarssonsaysone-year-oldSportus,currentlytradingintheNetherlands,Finland,SwedenandNorway,succeedsbykeepingcoststoaminimum,unlikewhichspentaround$125millioninitsbriefexistence.“Balsoboughtitstechnologyforabout$10million.That’sunrealistic.Wespent$300,000onoursanditworkslikeclockwork,”Ahlvarssonclaims.“IntheInternetworld,theythinktheguywiththemostmarketingmoneywillwin.Itis,infact,theguywiththebestmanagementteamandsupportingorganization.”

Despiteitsapparentsuccess,CEOVadadmitsthattherecentshakeoutinonlineclothesretailershasaffectedHaburi.“We’regoingtopostponeourAsianlaunch.Weneedtobuildourbrandsandgettherightsalesvolumeandbealotsmarter,”hesays.Inotherwords,thesuccessfulonlinefashionretailersaretheonesthatsticktotheirknitting.

1.Theauthorsaysthat“Haburiwantstofillthegap”.Whatdoesitmean?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBracci（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingreasonscontributestothefailureofmanyonlinefashionbusinesses?

问题1选项

A.HaburiwilltrytomakeupthelosscausedbytheplummetedInternetstocks.

B.HaburiwillusethebusinessconceptpopularinAmericaandinEurope.

C.Haburiwillincreaseitsoutputtomakeuptheneedofthecustomers.

D.Haburiwillbuildmoreout-of-townshoppingmallsasAmericansdo.

问题2选项

A.ThefailoftheseonlinefashionbusinessescausedthefallofInternetstocks.

B.Onlinefashionstoreslearnedatoughlesson:onlinefashionshopsaredisastrous.

C.Theonlinebrandshaveneverbeensuccessful.

D.ThoseoncehighflierslikeandDhavetanked.

问题3选项

A.hasobtainedacertainmarketthroughitsspecialoperation

B.haslostitsmarketbecauseofitshighcostofexpansion

C.hasn’tmadeprofitsbecausethehighcostofexpansion

D.hasnowscaledbackandoperatesonlyinSweden

问题4选项

A.Theydon’thavemanagementteamandsupportingorganization.

B.Theirexpansionofoperationistoofastbeforetheymakeprofits.

C.Theydon’thaveenoughmoneytobuynewtechnology.

D.Noinvestorisinterestedinonlinefashionbusinesses.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者所说的‘Haburi想去弥补空白’是什么意思？”文章第四段提到“Vad看来，对市中心之外的商场进行限制的相关国家法规阻碍了这一方案的发展”（AccordingtoVad,nationalregulationsthatlimitmallsoutsidecitycentershavehamperedthedevelopmentofthissector）；文章第三段提到Haburi独特的商业模式是一种网络版的工厂直销店，品牌制造商直接在大型城郊购物中心以更低的价格卖给消费者（Haburi’sdistinctivebusinessmodelisanInternetversionofthefactoryoutletwherebrandmanufacturersselldirectlytoconsumersatlowerpricesfromhugeout-of-townshoppingmalls），由此可知fillthegap的方案就是建立更多的城郊购物中心，选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪个选项是正确的？”文章第一段第二句话提到“去问问那些曾经风光一时的企业的支持者就知道了，这些网络品牌包括去年遭遇失败的城市运动服装零售商和陷入困境的男装专营商D”（Justaskbackersofone-timehighflierslike,theurbansportswearretailerthattankedlastyear,andD,thestrugglingmen’swearspecialist），可知这些风光无限的企业现在遭遇困境，因此选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，意大利衬衫制作商MarcoBracci……”。文章第六段提到意大利衬衫制作商Marco通过销售高价商品来获取高额利润（Forexample,ItalianshirtmakerMarcoBraccisellsexpensivegoodsforhighprofitsandhascorneredanichemarket），由此可知，Marco通过销售奢侈品占据了一定的市场，因此选项A符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“以下哪个原因导致了许多在线时尚企业失败？”文章第六段介绍了Dressmart，提到Dressmart急于拓展欧洲市场（Dressmart,ontheotherhand,triedtodotoomuchtoosoon.OriginallyitplannedtosellonlyshirtsandtomaketheordinalSwedishoperationprofitablebeforebranchingout.Butwithinmonthsittriedtogopan-Europeanandselleverything…），由此可知它们失败的原因就在于急切想要扩张业务，因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

TheCIAchiefnotedlastmonth,“TherearealotofthingsthatIrandoesthattendsto（）terrorism,andtheystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld.”

问题1选项

A.fasten

B.flatter

C.fascinate

D.facilitate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项fasten表示“使固定，集中于”；B选项flatter表示“奉承，谄媚”；C选项fascinate表示“使着迷，使神魂颠倒”；D选项facilitate表示“促进，帮助，使容易”。

由后文提到的“theystillaretheleadingstatesponsorofterrorismintheworld”可知，Iran仍然是世界上支持恐怖主义的主要国家，所以他们做了很多事帮助恐怖主义，为他们提供便利。因此，facilitate含义更符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。

4.写作题

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout200wordsbasedonthetopic“DoesCollegeEducationPrepareStudentsWelltoMeltintoSociety”?Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

略

5.单选题

Hisillnessfirst（

）itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

问题1选项

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达；快递”；B选项manifest“表明；（病症）显现”；C选项reflect“反映；反射”；D选项display“显示；表现”。句意：他的病最初……为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。

6.翻译题

Vacationsaremorenecessarynowthanbeforebecausetodaytheaveragelifeislesswell-roundedandhasbecomeincreasinglycompartmentalized.Isupposetheideaofvacations,asweconceiveit,mustbeincomprehensibletoprimitivepeoples.Restofsomekindhasofcoursealwaysbeenapartoftherhythmofhumanlife,butearlieragesdidnotfinditnecessarytoorganizeitinthewaythatmodernmanhasdone,holidaysandfeastdaysweresufficient.

Withmodernman’sincreasingtensions,withthestultifying(极其单调乏味的)qualityofsomuchofhiswork,thisbreakintheyear’sroutinebecamesteadilymorenecessary.Vacationsbecamemandatoryforthepurposeofrenewalandrepair.AndsoitcameaboutthatintheUnitedStates,themostself-indulgentofnations,themosttenseandcompartmentalized,vacationshavecometotakeapredominantplaceindomesticconversation.

【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却变得越来越单调乏味。我想原始人肯定不理解我们现在的休假概念。当然，某种方式的休息，历来是人生节奏的一部分，但人类社会早期认为没有必要像现代人那样安排休假。那时的节日足已满足人们的需要。

由于现代人生活越来越紧张，工作要求高，工作量大，因此在一年的日常工作中，休假变得越来越必要。休假已成为调节修整身心的必要手段。因此，在最任性放纵而生活节奏最紧张单调的美国，休假就成了家庭闲谈的主要话题。

7.填空题

Thechemical（）（fertile）iswidelyusedintheruralarea.

【答案】fertilizer

【解析】放在形容词后，故用名词形式。

8.单选题

Aneighteenth-centurytravelertoAnnapolisreportedonthesplendorofthissoutherncity.

问题1选项

A.magnificence

B.corruption

C.dimensions

D.provincialism

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词splendor意为“光彩；壮丽；显赫”；A选项“magnificence”意为“壮丽；宏伟；富丽堂皇”；B选项“corruption”意为“贪污，腐败；堕落”；C选项“dimensions”意为“规模，大小；尺寸规格”；D选项“provincialism”意为“方言；地方风格；乡下习气”。句意：一位18世纪去过安纳波利斯的旅行者报道了这座南方城市的辉煌壮丽。由题干可知，Annapolis（安纳波利斯，是美国马里兰州的首府和港口，是一座历史名城），所以可以推测出splendor在此处最可能是“壮丽”的意思，四个选项中magnificence具有“壮丽宏伟”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

ThelongitudinalstudydemonstratesthatstudentswhoreceiveESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)instructionarefarbetterthanthosetaughtprimarilyintheirnativelanguage.Acomparisonofthethree-yearexitratesforstudentsinESLandbilingualprogramsshowsthatthosewhoreceiveESLinstructiontestoutfasterandinhigherpercentagesthanthosewhoreceiveinstructionintheirnativelanguage,regardlessofthegradeinwhichtheyenteredschool.Forexample,79.3percentofthechildrenwhoenteredESLprogramsinkindergartentestedout,whileonly51.5percentofthosewhoreceivedtheireducationintheirnativelanguagesdid.Likewise,72.9percentoftheLEP(limitedEnglishproficiency)studentswhoenteredprogramsinthefirstgradetestedout,whileonly38.5ofthoseinbilingualprogramsdid.ForstudentswhoenteredLEPprogramsintheninthgrade,91.6percentofthoseinnative-languageinstructionclassesstillhadn'ttestedoutafterthreeyears,ascomparedwith78.1percentofthoseinESLclasses.

Furthermore,childrenwhohadbeeninESLclassestested4higherinEnglishandmathoncetheyexitedLEPprogramsthanthosewhohadreceivednative-languageinstruction.OftheLEPstudentswhoenteredinkindergartenorthefirstgrade,49percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyreadatgradelevel,whileonly32percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclassesperformedthatwell.Inmath,thestatisticsareevenmoreimpressive.Ofthechildrenwhoenteredinkindergartenorthefirstgrade,morethan69percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyperformedatgradelevelorabove,asopposedto54percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclasses.

Naturally,thestudyprovokedabarrageofcriticismfromthehighlypoliticalandvocalbilinguallobby,whichpromptedtheNewYorkCityBoardofEducationtoissueapaperinNovember1994mitigatingthefindingsofthestudyandignoringthedistinctionbetweenstudentsinESLandbilingualeducationprograms.Ratherthanexitrates,thispaperfocusesontheachievementofLEPstudentsduringtheperiodinwhichtheyareinbilingualorESLclasses.TheauthorsshowthatalthoughthescoresofLEPstudentswerebelowaverageontheEnglish-languagetest,theirscoresinallareasshowedimprovement;theypointoutthatinmath,therewereinsufficientdataontheprogressofLEPstudentstodrawvalidconclusions.

However,areportoncitywidemathematicstestresultsinNewYorkinthespringof1995dealsmorefullywiththemathscoresofthe26,248studentswhowereexaminedthepreviousschoolyearinChinese,Spanish,orHaitianCreole.Accordingtothisdocument,only16.6percentofthesechildrenwereperformingatorabovegradelevelinmathematics.Althoughthisfigurerepresentsanimprovementof1.1percentoverthescoresofthepreviousyear,itdiscreditstheargumentthatnative-languageinstructionkeepsperformingatgradelevelinsubjectareareas.AlthoughLEPstudentsareimprovingfasterthanthenationalnorm,theycontinuetoperformfarbelowthenorm.

1.Thistextismainly().

2.FromParagraph1welearnthat().

3.Theauthorbelieves(Paragraph2)that().

4.ItcanbeinferredthatthepapermentionedinParagraph4().

5.AccordingtotheNY1995report,itisunbelievablethat().

问题1选项

A.areviewofESL,bilingualandLEPinstructions

B.asurveyofnewapproachestosubjectinstructions

C.aboutthemeritsofLEPeducationprogram

D.abouttheachievementsofbilingualandESLprograms

问题2选项

A.ESLinstructioncouldteststudentsfasterthanLEPinstruction

B.LEPstudentsperformedworsethandidESLstudents

C.native-languageinstructionclassesseemedtofailutterly

D.thedataofthelongitudinalstudywerelikelytentative

问题3选项

A.ESLchildrentestedhigherinEnglishthanLEPchildren

B.bilingualprogramsfailedthestudentsperformingwellinmath

C.themathdataarestillmorecrediblethanthoseonEnglish

D.bilingualclasseshad54%ofstudentsexitingfromgradelevel

问题4选项

A.hasdevaluedthefindingsofthelongitudinalstudy

B.hasdimmedthedifferencesbetweenstudentsindifferentprograms

C.focusesonthesubjectachievementsofLEPstudents

D.seeksouttheinsufficientpointsinthelongitudinalstudy

问题5选项

A.agreatnumberofmultilingualstudentswereexaminedaccurately

B.native-languageinstructionkeepsperformingwellinsubjects

C.anydocumentonsubjectinstructionscandrawvalidconclusions

D.LEPstudentsareimprovingfasterthanthenationalnorm

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.观察全文可发现大量的ESL,LEP关键词,所以首先排除选项B。然后根据原文内容,作者花大量的篇幅进行了ESL和LEP的数据对比,所以选项A本文主要是对ESL、双语和LEP的教学回顾,正确。

2.根据第一段的第二句“...showsthatthosewhoreceiveESLinstructiontestoutfasterandinhigherpercentagesthanthosewhoreceiveinstructionintheirnativelanguage.”对ESL和双语课程学生三年的退学率进行比较后发现,接受ESL教学的学生比接受母语教学的学生考试更快、比例更高。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“morethan69percentofthosewhohadbeeninESLclasseseventuallyperformedatgradelevelorabove,asopposedto54percentofthosewhohadbeeninbilingualclasses.”超过69%的上过ESL课程的学生最终表现在年级水平或以上,而相反的,上过双语班的有54%的人在年级水平以下,由此推断选项D正确。

4.最后一段提到的关于关于纽约全市数学考试成绩的报告,它驳斥了那种认为母语教学在某些领域一直保持年级水平的观点。尽管LEP学生的进步快于全国标准,但他们的表现仍然远远低于标准。这是指出了纵向研究中的不足之处。选项B正确。

5.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“itdiscreditstheargumentthatnative-languageinstructionkeepsperformingatgradelevelinsubjectareareas.”这项报告驳斥了那种认为母语教学在某些领域一直保持年级水平的观点。所以选B。

10.单选题

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

问题1选项

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced公开指责的，公然抨击

的；detached分开的，分离的；deduced推论的，演绎的。根据句中badanddampweather(恶劣潮湿的天气),

theplants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。

11.单选题

Heisquitesurethatit’s（

）impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.

问题1选项

A.absolutely

B.exclusively

C.fully

D.roughly

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析题。absolutely绝对地，完全地；exclusively唯一地，专有地；fully充分地，彻底地；roughly粗糙地，概略地。

句意：他很确定他绝对不可能在两天内完成这个任务。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

问题1选项

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项adduce“（v.）举出；引证”；B选项suspension“悬浮；暂停；停职”；C选项bay“海湾；狗吠声”；D选项court“法院；球场；朝廷；奉承”。句意：在他到来之前，这笔交易被暂时搁置。abeyance“中止，停顿；归属待定，暂搁”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。

13.翻译题

Familyis,ifanything,thelinkbetweengenerations,thefocalpointofsocialreproduction,andculturaltransmission.Thewholepointofmarriageisthatitimposesclearobligations,notjusttherighttopursueyourownhappiness.Andthemainobligationistoprovidebothemotionalandpracticalnurtureforchildren.Theglowofburningpassionmaywellhavefaded,yourloveforyourspousemaynotbeasexcitingorsatisfyingasitoncewas,butgoingoffinsearchofanotherlovewillnothelpyourchildren.TheLoveFamilyiseithertooamorphousforchildren,orit’stoounstable,with,adultsmovingoniftherelationshipnolongeranswerstheirsearch,forperfecthappiness.Iwouldventuretosuggestthatloveisnotenoughtosustainanongoingmaritalrelationship.TheLoveFamily,intheend,doesn'thavetocare.Andunfetteredfreedomwillbecomeourchain,leavinguswithnorecoursebutlonelyisolation.

【答案】如果硬要说什么的话，家庭是世代之间的纽带，是社会再生产和文化传播的焦点。婚姻的全部意义在于它强加了它的明确的义务，而不仅仅是追求自己幸福的权利。它主要的职责是为孩子们提供情感和实际的培养。激情燃烧的光芒可能已经消退，你对配偶的爱可能不像过去那么令人兴奋或满足，但去寻找另一种爱对你的孩子没有帮助。对于孩子来说，爱的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不稳定。如果这种关系不再满足他们对完美幸福的追求，成年人就会继续前进。我敢说，爱不足以维持一段持续的婚姻关系。爱的家庭，最终，不必在意。不受约束的自由将成为我们的枷锁，使我们没有任何依靠，只有孤独和孤立。

14.单选题

Theworkeragreedto（

）thestrikeifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands.

问题1选项

A.callfor

B.callforth

C.calloff

D.callup

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。callfor意为“接（人），呼吁，需要”；callforth意为“唤起，引起”；calloff意为“取消”；callup意为“打电话，召集”。

句意：如果公司能满足他们的要求，工人们就同意取消罢工。

15.单选题

Advocatesofprivateschoolarguethateducationinoneofthesefacilitiesismorevaluableand（）thananyothereducationalopportunity.

问题1选项

A.awarded

B.awarding

C.rewarded

D.rewarding

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，填空处应填入形容词，只有选项D是形容词，所以正确。

16.翻译题

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

王毅表示，我们对美国有可能在韩部署萨德（THAAD）反导系统的动向表示严重关切。萨德反导系统覆盖范围，特别是其X波段雷达（X-Bandradar）监测范围远远超出半岛防卫需求，深入亚洲大陆腹地，不仅将直接损害中国的战略安全利益，也将损害本地区其他国家的安全利益。

【答案】Theproblemyoumentionedisveryimportant.WeshowgraveconcernsaboutthepossibledeploymentoftheTerminalHighAltitudeAreaDefense(THAAD)missiledefensesystembytheUSintheROK.ThecoverageoftheTHAADmissiledefensesystem,especiallythemonitoringrangeofitsX-bandradar,goesfarbeyondthedefenseneedoftheKoreanPeninsulaandwillreachdeepintotheAsianhinterland.ItwilldamagedirectlyChina’sstrategicsecurityinterestsandalsoharmsecurityinterestsofothercountriesintheregion.

17.单选题

Hislicensehasbeen____owingtohisdrunkendriving.

问题1选项

A.demanded

B.charged

C.suspended

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.demanded要求；需要B.charged要价；收费；指控；冲

C.suspended暂停；使暂停使用D.recognized承认；意识到

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格部分的语义为“他的驾照被____”，后文提到“因为他酒驾”，根据句意可推断，他因为酒后驾驶，被吊销了驾照。因此，C选项suspended“暂停；使暂停使用”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】因为酒后驾驶，他的驾照被吊销了。

18.单选题

Ethnicityshouldnotbethesolecriteriaintherestructuringprocessbecauseithasthe（）powertolullconsciousnessoftheimplementersandmakethem（）thosewhoarefromdifferentgroups.

问题1选项

A.dominant...bearthesightof

B.disproportionate...settheirsightson

C.uncannylosesightof

D.inherent...catchsightof

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占优势的，支配的”；没有搭配bearthesightof，选项A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；setone'ssighton“以为目标”；uncanny“神秘的，离奇的”；losesightof“忽视，不看”；inherent“固有的，内在的”；catchsightof“看见”。句意：种族不应该成为改进进程的唯一标准，因为它有一种内在的力量减弱主体意识，并且使他们看到来自不同群体的成员。选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.“Height（1）careersuccess,”saysTimothyJudge,aUniversityofFloridaprofessorofmanagement,wholedthestudy.“Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（2）,suchasprofessionalbasketball,noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（3）,”Judgepointsout.

Judgeanalyzedresultsoffourlarge-scalestudiesintheUSandBritainthatfollowedthousandsofpeoplefromchildhoodtoadulthood,examiningdetailsoftheirworkandpersonallives.“Ifyoutakethis（4）thecourseofa30-yearcareer,we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（5）thatatallpersonenjoys,”Judgesaid.

Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance—asupervisor’s（6）ofhoweffectivesomeoneis—and（7）measuresofperformance—suchassalesvolume.Beingtallmayboostself-confidence,improvingperformance.Otherpeoplemayalsogivehigher（8）andgreaterrespecttoatallperson,givingthemanedgeinnegotiatingstates,hesays.

Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（9）.Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（10）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.

问题1选项

A.makesout

B.worksin

C.takeson

D.mattersfor

问题2选项

A.cases

B.exceptions

C.examples

D.problems

问题3选项

A.performance

B.operation

C.condition

D.environment

问题4选项

A.on

B.with

C.over

D.to

问题5选项

A.deficiency

B.advantage

C.loss

D.necessity

问题6选项

A.imagination

B.decision

C.judge

D.evaluation

问题7选项

A.relative

B.absolute

C.objective

D.initiative

问题8选项

A.state

B.status

C.situation

D.statue

问题9选项

A.origins

B.sources

C.courses

D.organizations

问题10选项

A.atimein

B.aholdon

C.aworkat

D.asignof

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:考查词组辨析和上下文语境。A项makeout“理解，辨认出”，B项workin“进入”，C项takeon“呈现，接纳”，D项matterfor“对……重要”；根据上文Tallpeopleearnconsiderablymoremoneythroughouttheirlivesthantheirshorterco-workers,witheachinchaddingaboutUS$789ayearinpay,accordingtoanewstudy.（据一项最新研究显示，高个子一生中赚的钱要比矮个子同事多得多，身高每增加一英寸，年收入就会增加约789美元），可以推断出，下文Height（）careersuccess表示“身高是事业成功的关键”。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:考查名词辨析和上下文语境。A项case“案件，情况”，B项exception“例外，异议”，C项example“例子”，D项problem“问题”；根据句子Thesefindingsaretroublingsince,withafew（）,suchasprofessionalbasketball（这些发现令人不安，因为有一些……，如职业篮球）可知，上文提到“身高对职业生涯很重要”，这里提到“这个发现也令人烦恼”可推断，空格部分表示“例外”。句意：这些发现令人不安，因为除了少数例外，比如职业篮球。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第3题:考查名词辨析和上下文语境。A项performance“表现”，B项operation“操作，手术”，C项condition“条件”，D项environment“环境”；根据句子noonecouldarguethatheightissomethingessentialrequiredforjob（）（没有人会说身高是工作……的必要条件）可知，上文提到“身高对工作很重要”，所以可推断，这里的空格部分表示“工作表现”。句意：没有人会说身高是工作表现的必要条件。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:考查介词辨析。A项on“在……之上”，B项with“随着，和……一起”，C项over“越过，……之上”，D项to“到，向”；根据句子Ifyoutakethis（）thecourseofa30-yearcareer（如果你……30年的职业生涯都是这样）可知，空格部分应该填入一个表示时间跨度的介词，只有C项符合。句意：如果你在30年的职业生涯中都是这样。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第5题:考查名词辨析。A项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”，B项advantage“优点，优势”，C项loss“损失”，D项necessity“需要，必然性”；根据句子we’retalkingaboutliterallyhundredsofthousandsofdollarsofearnings（）thatatallpersonenjoys（我们谈论的是一个高个子享受数十万美元的收入……）可知，空格部分应该表示“优势”。句意：我们说的是一个高个子享受的数十万美元的收入优势。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第6题:考查名词辨析。A项imagination“想象”，B项decision“决定”，C项judge“评判，判断”，D项evaluation“评价，评估”；前面提到Greaterheightboostedbothsubjectiveratingsofworkperformance（更高的身高会提高对工作表现的主观评价），根据空格前后的关键词supervisor（监督者）和howeffectivesomeoneis（一个人的效率有多高）可知，空格部分表示“评价，评估”。句意：主管对某人工作效率的评估。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第7题:考查形容词辨析和上下文逻辑。A项relative“相对的”，B项absolute“绝对的，完全的”，C项objective“客观的，客观存在的”，D项initiative“主动的，自发的”；前面提到了subjective（主观的），那么可以推断出空格部分要填入一个与之相反的词语，这样才能构成一个完整的上下文逻辑关系。句意：身高越高，对工作表现的主观评价（主管对工作效率的评价）和对工作表现的客观评价（如销售额）都越高。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第8题:考查名词辨析。A项state“国家，情形”，B项status“地位，重要身份”，C项situation“情况，形势”，D项statue“雕像，塑像”；根据后面的greaterrespect（更多的尊重）可猜测，空格处部分表示“更高的地位”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的地位和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第9题:考查名词辨析。A项origin“起源，源点”，B项source“来源，水源”，C项course“课程”，D项organization“组织”；根据句子Thecommandinginfluenceofheightmaybearemainderofourevolutionary（）（身高的重要影响可能是我们进化……的残余）可猜测，空格处部分表示“起源，开端”。句意：身高的制胜作用可能是我们进化起源的一个遗留物。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第10题:考查词义辨析。A项atimein“在……一段时间”，B项aholdon“对……的控制”，C项aworkat“在……的一份工作”，D项asignof“一个……的象征，一个……的标志”；根据句子Maybefromatimewhenhumanslivedamonganimalsandsizewas（）powerandstrengthusedwhenmaking“fightorrun”decisions.（也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和强壮的……，在做出“战斗或逃跑”的决定时使用）可猜测，空格处部分表示“象征，标志”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，当做出“战斗或逃跑”的决定时，体型就是力量和强壮的象征。因此，该题选择D项正确。

20.单选题

ACyborgManifestoisanessaywrittenbyDonnaHaraway,inwhichtheconceptofthecyborgisarejectionofrigidboundaries,notablythoseseparating“human”from“animal”and“human”from“machine”.Shewrites:“Thecyborgdoesnotdreamofcommunityonthemodeloftheorganicfamily,thistimewithouttheoedipalproject.ThecyborgwouldnotrecognizetheGardenofEden;itisnotmadeofmudandcannotdreamofreturningtodust.”TheManifestocriticizestraditionalnotionsoffeminism,particularlyfeministfocusesonidentitypolitics,andencouraginginsteadcoalitionthroughaffinity.Sheusesthemetaphorofacyborgtourgefeministstomovebeyondthelimitationsoftraditionalgender,feminism,andpolitics.MarisaOlsonsummarizedHaraway'sthoughtsasabeliefthatthereisnodistinctionbetweennaturallifeandartificialman-mademachines.HarawaybeginstheManifestobyexplainingthreeboundarybreakdownssincethe20thCenturythathaveallowedforherhybrid,cyborgmyth:thebreakdownofboundariesbetweenhumanandanimal,animal-humanandmachine,andphysicalandnon-physical.Evolutionhasblurredthelinesbetweenhumanandanimal;20thCenturymachineshavemadeambiguousthelinesbetweennaturalandartificial;andmicroelectronicsandthepoliticalinvisibilityofcyborgshaveconfusedthelinesofphysicality.HarawayhighlightstheproblematicuseandjustificationofWesterntraditionslikepatriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,andnaturalism(amongothers).ThesetraditionsinturnallowfortheproblematicformationsoftaxonomiesandwhatHarawayexplainsasantagonisticdualismsthatorder