考研考博-英语-广州城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州城市职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Architecturalpressuregroupsfoughtunsuccessfullytosaveaterraceofeighteenthcenturyhousesfrom（）.

问题1选项

A.abolition

B.demolition

C.disruption

D.dismantling

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。abolition“废除；废止”；demolition“毁坏；拆毁（带有破坏感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆开，拆卸（机器或结构）”，根据terrace“台阶；门廊”可知此处应该选择动词demolition，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：建筑力学群体没有能够成功保护一个十八世纪的台阶免遭拆除。

2.单选题

Attheheightofthefinancialcrisis,alltheycoulddowas______andhopethatconditionswouldimprove.

问题1选项

A.holdon

B.getalong

C.geton

D.lookon

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项holdon“坚持；稍等”；B选项getalong“与……和睦相处”；C选项geton“继续做；开始做”；D选项lookon“把……当作”。句意：在金融危机最严重的时候，他们能做的只有______，并希望情况会有所改善。they和横线处构成主谓关系，在金融危机时，只有A选项holdon“坚持”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.不定项选择题

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

问题1选项

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

问题2选项

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

问题3选项

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

问题4选项

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

问题5选项

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

问题6选项

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

问题7选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

问题8选项

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干提到第一段话暗示什么。文章第一段第一句话说Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命运（被抓到真实的或者虚假的交通违规要罚款的命运）），根据关键词some可知，A选项“大部分人被抓到交通违规之后反应很强烈”错误；B选项“摩托车司机可能会被警察错误地指控了”文中没有提及；C选项“超速者在被红灯摄像头抓到后不能为自己辩护”错误，第一段这个例子就是说300名驾车者在被红灯摄像头抓到违规，起诉交警部门后胜诉了，所以说超速者是可以为自己辩护的；第一段最后一句话…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所谓的“红灯摄像头”拍摄的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），这就是说D选项“红路灯会说谎”正确。

第2题:推理判断题。句意指法院的决定产生了什么样的影响。我们定位到第二段第一句话…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn这项决定更加激发了关于增加使用该设备的决定），从fueled这个词可知并不是这项判决引起的讨论，而是讨论本身就存在，判决加重了讨论，A选项“引发了关于是否使用摄像头的讨论”错误；B选项“判决赦免了少部分闯红灯被抓者的处罚”；C选项“判决发现支持红灯摄像头的人更少”，这两项文中都没有提及；定位到第二段第三句话ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris将于本周发布的民意调查显示，69%的美国人支持使用该设备。但是，至少有7个州打回了关于安装这些设备的提案），所以D选项“阻止了一些州安装摄像头”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词“Opponents”（反对者），我们定位到文章第二段倒数第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反对者……认为这些摄像头侵犯了隐私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分问题在于，几乎所有的设备都是由私人公司操作的，他们负责从安装机器到识别违规行为的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察监督下——并有尽可能多地吸引司机的动机。），这里可知C选项“摄像头确实是私人公司安装的”排除；从关键词minimal可知D选项“摄像头是在警察的监控之下的”是错误的，所以答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词policedepartmentbelieves我们定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部门发誓，研究表明，机器人摄像头可以阻止人们超速和闯红灯。）第三段最后两句话Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事实并非如此，华盛顿警察局执行助理局长特伦斯•盖纳（TerranceGainer）坚持认为。“我们减少了死亡人数。”）这两句可以看出交警部门认为摄像头维持了交通秩序，所以选B选项“摄像头有效地维持了交通秩序”。A选项“摄像头不应该由私人公司运营”，D选项“公司运营摄像头的目的不应该赚钱”，这两个都不是交警部门的看法，C选项“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章没有提及。

第5题:词汇推断题。A选项“细微的”；B选项“普遍的”；C选项“巨大的”D选项“无限的”。根据题干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句话“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（该公司每张罚单能够收到多达70美元的罚款，因而该公司总收入相当可观）”，我们根据后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亚哥去年入账1590万美元，华盛顿入账1280万美元。“这一切都是关于钱，”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。），从这句可以看出，华盛顿和圣地亚哥收到的交通罚款数量巨大，不然不会受到来自国会议员的批评。由此推测，答案选A。

第6题:判断推理题。根据题干中的人名定位到文中提到该人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“这一切都是关于钱”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。）所以选B选项“鲍勃•巴尔强烈反对美国特殊赚钱方式”。A选项“鲍勃•巴尔是众议院的领导者”不符合文意，鲍勃•巴尔是安装摄像头的主要的反对者但是不是众议院的领导者，排除A；C选项“鲍勃•巴尔对技术是否充满信心”，文中没有提及，排除；D选项“质疑电子收集信息的权威性”文中也没有提及。

第7题:观点态度题。A选项“积极”；B选项“消极”；C选项“漠不关心”；D选项“不确定”。整篇文章作者只是比较客观地描述了一些现象，文章中没有明显的句子或者词语表现出作者的态度，所以对于作者的态度我们是不明确的，答案选D。

第8题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“driversinEuropeancountries”，我们定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在欧洲，部署了数以千计的摄像头并且这些摄像头甚至比在这里（美国）更不受欢迎，心怀不满的司机们已经开始采取行动，寻找隐藏的摄像头，并用汽车撞倒它们。）”，由此答案选D选项“采用极端的手段对付摄像头”，从最后一段可以看出，欧洲司机也不支持摄像头的安装，所以A选项“支持摄像头的安装”错误；B选项“数以千计的摄像头被毁坏”，数以千计的摄像头是总数而不是被毁坏的数量，所以不选；C选项“欧洲首先使用摄像头”文章没有提及，所以排除。

4.单选题

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

问题1选项

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:economical“节俭的，经济的；经济实惠的”；B:economy“经济；节约”；C:economic“经济上的，经济学的”；D:economics“经济学”。句意：尽管史密斯博士不是一个经济学家，但是长期以来，对政府的经济上的政策来说，他是一个严厉的评论家。根据语境和句意可知C为正确答案。

5.单选题

TherewereincessantdemandsfortheresignationoftheGeorgianpresidentfromtheofficeforhisinefficientrunningofstateaffairs.

问题1选项

A.occasional

B.temporary

C.continuous

D.intermittent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。横线单词incessant意为“不断的；连续的”；A选项“occasional”意为“偶然的，临时的”；B选项“temporary”意为“暂时的，临时的”；C选项“continuous”意为“连续的，持续的；继续的”；D选项“intermittent”意为“间歇的；断断续续的”。句意：由于格鲁吉亚总统管理国家事务效率低下，不断有人要求他辞职。由题干可知，hisinefficientrunningofstateaffairs（他管理国家事务效率低下），所以可以推测出让他辞职的要求应该是持续不断的，由此可推知incessant在这里是“不断的”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.

Withtheadventofsatellites,however,scientistshavefinallybeenabletomeasuretheSun’soutputwithoutbeingimpededbytheEarth'satmosphere.SolarMax.asatellitefromthe

NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA),hasbeenmeasuringtheSun'soutputsinceFebruary1980.Althoughamalfunctioninthesatellite'scontrolsystemlimiteditsobservationforafewyears,thesatellitewasrepairedinorbitbyastronautsfromthespaceshufflein1984.Max’sobservationsindicatethatthesolarconstantisnotreallyconstantafterall.

Thesatellite'sinstrumentshavedetectedfrequent，smallvariationsintheSun’senergyoutputgenerallyamountingtonomorethan0.05percentoftheSun'smeanenergyoutputandlastingfromafewdaystoafewweeks.ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2.000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.Particularlylargefluctuationsinthesolarconstanthavecoincidedwithsightingsoflargegroups,in1980，forexample.SolarMax'sinstrumentsregistereda0.3percentdropinthesolarenergyreachingtheEarth.Atthattimeasunspotgroupcoveredabout0.6percentofthesolardisk,anarea20timeslargerthantheEarth’ssurface.

Long-termvariationsinthesolarconstantaremoredifficulttodetermine.AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.Thispossibilitywasdismissed;however,bycomparingsolarMax'sobservationswithdatafromasimilarinstrumentoperatingonNASA’sNimbus7weathersatellitesince1978.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whydoestheauthormention“gas"and“dust”inline3?

3.Accordingtothepassage,scientistsbelievevariationsinthesolarconstantarerelatedto（）.

4.WhydidscientiststhinkthatSolarMaxmightbegivingunreliableinformation?

5.Theattempttodescribethesolarconstantcanbestbedescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.Thelaunchingofaweathersatellite.

B.ThecomponentsoftheEarth’satmosphere.

C.Themeasurementofvariationsinthesolarconstant.

D.Theinteractionofsunlightandairpollution.

问题2选项

A.Theymagnifythesolarconstant.

B.Theyarefoundinvaryingconcentrations.

C.Scientificequipmentisminedbygasanddust

D.Theyinterferewithaccuratemeasurementofthesolarconstant.

问题3选项

A.sunspotactivity

B.unusualweatherpatterns

C.increasedlevelsofdust

D.fluctuationsintheEarth'stemperature

问题4选项

A.SolarMaxdidnotworkforthefirstfewyears.

B.ThespaceshuttlecouldnotfixSolarMax'sinstruments.

C.SolarMax’sinstrumentwasgettingold.

D.Nimbus7interferedwithSolar.

问题5选项

A.anongoingresearcheffort

B.anissuethathasbeenresolved

C.aquestionthatcanneverbeanswered

D.historicallyinteresting,butirrelevanttocontemporaryconcerns

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“For150yearsscientistshavetriedtodeterminethesolarconstant,theamountofsolarenergythatreachestheEarth.Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.150年来，科学家们一直试图确定太阳常数，即到达地球的太阳能总量。然而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。”可知本文的主题是solarconstant太阳常数，主要讨论太阳常数的测量问题。故C项正确。

2.判断推理题。Yet，eveninthemostcloud-freeregionsoftheplanet,thesolarconstantcannotbemeasuredprecisely.Gasmoleculesanddustparticlesintheatmosphereabsorbandscattersunlightandpreventsomewavelengthsofthelightfromeverreachingtheground.而，即使在地球上最无云的地区，太阳常数也无法精确测量。大气中的气体分子和尘埃颗粒吸收和散射阳光，阻止某些波长的光到达地面。所以作者提到气体分子和尘埃颗粒是想说明这两者阻碍了对太阳常数的精确测量。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“ScientistsbelievethesefluctuationscoincidewiththeappearanceanddisappearanceoflargegroupsofsunspotsonthesunspotsarerelativelydarkregionsontheSun’ssurfacethathavestrongmagneticfieldsandatemperatureabout2,000degreesFahrenheitcoolerthantherestoftheSun'ssurface.科学家们认为，这些波动与太阳黑子上大群太阳黑子的出现和消失相吻合。太阳黑子是太阳表面上相对黑暗的区域，具有很强的磁场，温度比太阳表面的其他部分低2000华氏度。可知太阳常数的波动与太阳黑子的活动有关，故A项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“AlthoughSolarMax’sdatahaveindicatedsslowandsteadydeclineintheSun'soutput.Somescientistshavethoughtthatthesatellite'sagingdetectorsmighthavebecomelesssensitiveovertheyears,thusfalselyindicatingadrop,inthesolarconstant.尽管太阳活动极大期的数据显示太阳活动缓慢而稳定地减少。一些科学家认为，随着时间的推移，该卫星的老化探测器可能变得不那么敏感，从而错误地显示出太阳常数的下降。可知由于卫星的老化有可能使得探测不敏感，所以科学家认为太阳活动极大期的信息可能不准确。故C项正确，

5.文章最后一段讲了对于太阳常数的研究已经展开，这是项复杂而艰巨的工程，需要持续不断的研究和努力。故A项正确。

7.单选题

Financial

regulators

inBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutalsobyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomies,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism"Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortensattentionspansinfinancialmarkers."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,"saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism”.InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britainruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe（

）.

2.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate（

）.

3.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe（

）.

4.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrate（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

问题1选项

A.enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

问题2选项

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments'impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicsactivities

问题3选项

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

问题4选项

A.theobstaclestopreventingshort-termism

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking

问题5选项

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。题目中明确出题段落(AccordingtoParagraph1)及相应的信息点(onemotiveinimposingthenewrule)，因此，答案来源句则为第一段的第三句(Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任)，那么答案基本就很容易提取出来。选项中的“senseofresponsibility”则对应到句中的“enhancebanker'ssenseofresponsibility（增加银行的责任），其他的选项则与最佳选项无缘，在定位区间中没有相应的信息。

2.细节题。题干中的定位信息在“AlfredMarshall”上，直接定位到第二段的第二句，定位信息里的“thisimpatience”则是回指第二段首句的"short-termism"，故信息点则为"short-termism"，所以最佳选项则为"short-termism"ineconomicactivities，而其他选项在定位信息中未提及。

3.细节题。此题的定位信息为题干的“transientinvestment”，直接定位到第三段的第二句“Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm'seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty”，从四个选项的褒贬正负来看indirect、minimal和temporary为中性的表述，只有B选项的adverse为明确的负面表达，意思为“不利的”，与原文中的“hinder”对应上。

4.例证题。根据题干的具体信息定位，美国和法国的例子是用来支撑什么论点。原文的第五、六段则提供了具体的信息，第五段中美国延迟发放才上任一年左右的高管绩效津贴，继而促进缓解“短期主义”盛行的现状；第六段则提及在法国持股两年以上者拥有更大的选票权。所以，最佳选项应为“促进长期主义的方法”。

5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的patience可以对应到全文中反复出现的主题词"short-termism"和"long-termism"，corporate本身在文章中出现多次，所以B选项为最佳标题，体现主旨大意；其余选项均不能概括全文，故排除。

8.单选题

Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.(1’*10=10’)

Regardlessoftheirpoliticalaffiliation,inallcountrieswomenmustovercomeahostofstumblingblocksthatlimittheirpoliticalcareers.“Mostobstaclestoprogressconsistof（11）ofvariouskinds,”saystheInter-ParliamentaryUnion(IPU),aGeneva-basedorganization（12）139parliaments,includingthelackoftime,training,information,self-confidence,money,support,motivation,women’snetworksandsolidaritybetweenwomen.

Ineveryculture,prejudiceandstereotypes（13）hard.Thebeliefstillholds（14）thatwomenbelonginthekitchenandwiththechildren,notatelection（15）orintheSpeaker’schair.Themediaoftenreinforcetraditionalimagesofwomen,whouponenteringpolitics,alsobearthebrunt（正面冲击）ofverbalandphysical（16）.

Inimpoverished（贫穷的）countriesrackedbycivilconflictsanddeterioratingeconomicandsocialconditions,womenare（17）bythetasksofmanagingeverydaylifeandlookingaftertheirfamilies.

TheIPUstressesthegenerallackofchild-carefacilities—often（18）aprivilegedfew—thereluctanceofpoliticalpartiestochangethetimesandrunningofmeetingsandtheweakbackingwomenreceivefromtheirfamilies.Thatsupport,whichis（19）aswellasfinancial,isallthemorevitalbecausewomenhaveinternalized（20）imagesofthemselvessincethedawnoftimeandoftensufferfromlowself-confidence.

问题1选项

A.deficiencies

B.deficits

C.defects

D.flaws

问题2选项

A.embracing

B.composing

C.comprising

D.constituting

问题3选项

A.persist

B.vanish

C.revive

D.die

问题4选项

A.sway

B.water

C.truth

D.proof

问题5选项

A.assemblies

B.conventions

C.associations

D.rallies

问题6选项

A.penalties

B.attacks

C.tortures

D.abuses

问题7选项

A.strapped

B.bandaged

C.restrained

D.inhibited

问题8选项

A.allowedfor

B.putinfor

C.reservedfor

D.compensatedfor

问题9选项

A.moral

B.mortal

C.orthodox

D.sensible

问题10选项

A.negative

B.obsolete

C.undesirable

D.vice

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:A

【解析】11.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“不足；缺乏”；B选项deficit“赤字”；C选项defect“缺点，缺陷”；D选项flaw“瑕疵，缺点”。该段介绍了阻碍妇女生涯的因素，如缺乏时间、培训等等，根据下文的关键词lack可以推断出，A选项符合题意。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项compose“构成；写作”；C选项comprise“包含；由……组成”；D选项constitute“组成，构成”。空格处可翻译为：一个139个议会的总部设在日内瓦的组织，因此空格处为“包括”之意。B、C、D选项均有此意，但B选项常用作被动形式，即becomposedof；D选项constitute在这里应用作139parliamentsconstitutetheIPU的形式，因此C选项正确。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配diehard意为“非常顽固、难以根除”。句意：在每种文化中，偏见和成见都很难消除。

14.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配holdsway意为“支配；统治”，句意：妇女应待在厨房里、应和孩子在一起这种观念仍然占主导地位。

15.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项assembly“集合；集会”；B选项convention“大会；[法]惯例”；C选项association“协会；联盟”；D选项rally“集会（与政治相关的）”。由关键词election可以推断出D选项符合题意。

16.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金；处罚”；B选项attack“攻击；抨击”；C选项torture“折磨；拷问；歪曲”；D选项abuse“滥用；虐待；辱骂”。bearthebruntofverbalandphysical16可翻译为“承受言语和身体的冲击”，此处用attack“攻击；抨击”最为合适，C、D用在此处显得程度过于严重了。

17.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项strap“用带捆绑，用带固定；捆扎”；B选项bandage“用绷带包扎”；C选项restrain“抑制、控制做不好的事”；D选项inhibit“抑制；禁止”。womenare17bythetasksofmanagingeverydaylifeandlookingaftertheirfamilies可翻译为“妇女被管理日常生活和照顾家庭的任务所”，因此A选项最符合文意，可翻译为“束缚”。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项allowfor“考虑到，虑及”；B选项putinfor“申请”；C选项reservefor“为……而保留”；D选项compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”。根据前文可知，照顾儿童的设施是缺乏的，那么可以推断出，空格处是指少数享有特权的人还是可以享受到这些设施的，因此C选项符合题意。

19.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的”；B选项mortal“凡人的；致死的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；传统的”；D选项sensible“明智的；通情达理的”。空格处是形容“妇女得到的支持”，根据financial可推断出，与经济支持相对应的一般是道德、精神上的支持，A选项符合文意。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“消极的”；B选项obsolete“废弃的；老式的”；C选项undesirable“不良的；不受欢迎的”；D选项vice“副的；代替的”。根据oftensufferfromlowself-confidence（经常缺乏自信）可推断出，A选项正确。

9.单选题

Green-spacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisidea.Atpresentitisgenerallyaccepted,althoughmoreaself-evidentstatementthanonthebaseofaclosely-reasonedscientificproof.Therecognitionoftheimportanceofgreen-spacesintheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightway,thisdoesnotmean,however,thatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreen-spaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespaces.Astothisrathercomplexsubject,Ishall,withinthescopeofthislecture,enterintooneaspectonly,namelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities.

Thetheoreticalseparationofliving,working,trafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanning,hasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionfor,formsofrecreationfarfromhome,whereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehome.Wehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotright,becauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworking,isusedforactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.

Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreativepossibilitiesofgreenspaceshouldbeprovided（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,green-spacefacilitiesshouldbedesignedinsuchawaythat（）.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisthat（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreen-paceintheurbanenvironment（）.

问题1选项

A.inspecialareas

B.inthesuburbs

C.ingardensandparks

D.intheneighborhoodofthehouse

问题2选项

A.recreativeactivitiesmightbebroughtintoourhomes

B.moreandmorepeoplemighthaveaccesstothem

C.anincreasingnumberofrecreativeactivitiesmightbedeveloped

D.moreobligatoryactivitiesmighttakeonarecreativeaspect

问题3选项

A.prioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivities

B.attentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilities

C.theu