考研考博-英语-德阳科贸职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-德阳科贸职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Globalculturalhomogenizationbringsreactionsbasedonidentitypolitics,includingnationalismandreligiopoliticsbecause（）expressingneedsbetterthanthecurrentsecularorder,whichfavorsuniversalistmodernwesternvalues.

问题1选项

A.ithasbeenseenfor

B.theyhavebeenseenfor

C.itisseenas

D.theyareseenas

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和语法题。根据空格前面的名词nationalismandreligiopolitics，可判断空格中做主语的名词应该为复数，故排除A和C选项。又根据固定搭配beseenas“被看作……”，选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

（）ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

问题1选项

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项Manufactures“产品”；B选项Yields“生产量，收益”；C选项Creating“创造”；D选项Receiving“接受”。句意：如果美元真的要稳定下来，超过5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根据逻辑，前半句讲到要稳定下来，那么之后说的应该也是“收益率”，因此B选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Whyinanageoftechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrology（占星术）claimstotellussomethingaboutourselves,andallofusareinterestedinourselves.Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.

Infact，astrologywasneverascience.Itwasnotahypothesisortheorydevelopedtodescribenaturalphenomena,anduntilfairlyrecenttimes,therewasnoattempttotestorverifyitspredictions.AstrologybeganapproximatelythreethousandyearsagoinBabylonia,itwasappliedtomonarchsandkingdoms,butnottoindividuals.Itspreadinthe6thcenturyBCasFarasIndia,whereitflourishestoday.TheEgyptians,meanwhile,developedtheirownkindofastrology.ButtheastrologynowpracticedinEuropeandAmericaisthatdevelopedbytheGreeks,whosynthesizedtheideasofBabyloniansandEgyptiansandenrichedthemwithconceptsfromtheirownfertileimaginations.TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.Thegodswereimmortal,butotherwisehadthesameattributesofanger,happiness,jealousy,rageandpleasureaswedo.Nowifwhatthegods'thoughtwascapricious（变化无常的），atleasttheplanetswerepredictableintheirmovements.Becauseourownlotinlifeissounpredictable,itmustbepurelyatthemercyofgods.Butifthegodsaretheplanets,orsomehowassociatedwiththem,thenwehaveonlytolearntherulesofthemotionsoftheplanetstounderstandthewhimsofthegodsandhowtheyshapeourownlives.Sothebeliefdevelopedthateachofourlivesispreordainedbythepreciseconfigurationoftheplanetsintheskyatthetimeofourbirth.

Astrologycouldnot,ofcourse,haveseemedasincredibletotheancientsasitdoestous.Theroleofthesuninfluencingourdailyandyearlylivesisobvious;itwasanaturalextensiontoattributeotherpowerstotheotherplanetsaswell.Itwasn'tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.

1.Manypeoplearemisledbyastrologybecauseitispresentedbythepractitionersas（

）.

2.Itisimpliedthatastrologyisbasedonthebeliefthat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthescholarsbeforethetimeofNewton?

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.atheorythatcandescribenaturalphenomena

B.amagicalkeytounderstandthemselves

C.anancientbeliefthathadlongbeenappliedtomonarchs

D.amysteriouspowerbeyondtheexplanationofscience

问题2选项

A.thegods’intentionswerehardtopredict

B.thefateofourliveswereunpredictable

C.thegodsarecloselyrelatedtotheplanets

D.thegodshavethesameattributesaswedo

问题3选项

A.Someofthemwereconvincedbyastrology.

B.Theydidn'tknowthelawsofNatureapplytoallplanets.

C.Theyplayedimportantrolesinthedevelopmentofastrology.

D.Mostofthemfoundastrologyincredible

问题4选项

A.Tocastdoubtontheoriginofastrology

B.Tocompareastrologywithrealsciences.

C.Topointoutthepopularityofastrology.

D.Tojustifytheincredibilityofastrology.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.这是因为占星术被它的现代实践者描述为一门科学，许多人被它误导了。”据此可知A项正确。答案A

第2题:推理判断题。TheGreeksbelievedthattheearthwascomposedoffourelements,andtheheavensofaperfectcrystallinematerial.Theplanetsthemselveswerevariouslythoughttobegods,residencesofgods,oratleastmanifestationsofgods.希腊人相信地球是由四种元素组成的，而天堂是由完美的水晶物质构成的。行星本身被以各种方式认为是神，神的住所，或者至少是神的显现。据此可知C项“神被认为与行星密切相关”正确。答案C'

第3题:细节事实题。由文章末尾“Itwasn’tuntilthetimeofNewtonthatweunderstoodthatthelawsofNatureapplytothecelestialworldsaswellastotheterrestrialone.Duringantiquity,however,allgreatscholarsbelievedinastrology.直到牛顿时代，我们才明白自然法则不仅适用于地球，也适用于天体。然而，在古代，所有伟大的学者都相信占星术。”可知古代学者并不知道自然法则适用于所有行星。B项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。由第一段“Ithinkitisbecauseastrologyispresentedasifitwereasciencebyitsmodernpractitioner,andmanypeoplearemisledbythis.我认为这是因为占星术被现代的从业者描述成一门科学，很多人被误导了。”及第二段“Infact，astrologywasneverascience.事实上，占星术从来都不是一门科学。”可知作者认为占星术并非科学，不可信。答案D。本文主要是为了说明占星术不是科学，并未将占星术与真正的科学进行对比，故B项不对。文中对于占星术发展来源的叙述只是为了表明占星术是一种迷信，并不是本文的写作目的，故A项不对。C项“指出占星术很受欢迎”并不是本文的写作目的。

4.单选题

Musicistheresultofthoughtintheformofattitude,orstance.Thereisnoonewayofthinking,sincemen’svaluesareasscatteredanddissimilarasindividualmenthemselves.Ifblackmusiccanbeseenastheresultofcertainattitudes,certainspecificwaysofthinkingabouttheworld,thenmybasichypothesisaboutmusicisunderstood.Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.Itiswhythemusicchangedthatseemsmostimportanttome.

WhenjazzfirstbegantoappearontheAmericansceneduringthetwenties,inoneformoranother,itwasintroducedinmanyinstancesbywhiteAmericans.Yetitsoriginalconceptionanditsmostvitaldevelopmentweretheresultofcertainattitudes,orempiricalideas,attributabletotheAfro-Americanculture.Jazzasplayedbywhitemusicianswasnotthesameasthatplayedbyblackmusiciansnorwasthereanyreasonforittobe.Themusicofthewhitejazzmusicianwas,atitsmostprofound,alearnedart.

Theblues,forexample,whichItaketobeanautonomousblackmusic,waspracticallyignoredinpre-jazzwhiteAmericanculture.Bluesisanextremelyimportantpartofjazz.Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.Thewhitemusicianunderstoodthebluesfirstasmusic,butseldomasanattitude,sincetheattitudeofthewhitemusicianwasnecessarilyquiteadifferentone.Andinmanycases,itwasnotconsistentwiththemakingofjazz.

Thus,thetrumpetsofBixBeiderbeckeandLouisArmstrongwereverydissimilar.Thewhitemiddle-classboyfromLowawasaninbornintellectualandhadanemotionallifethatwasbasedonhisconsciousorunconsciousdisapprovalofmostoftheritualofhisculture.OntheotherhandArmstrongwas,intermsofanemotionalarchetype,anhonoredpriestofhisculture.Hewasnotrebellingagainstanythingwithhismusic.TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;Beiderbecke,becauseofhisisolationanddeviationfrommassculture;andArmstrong,becauseofthesocio-historicalseparationoftheblackmanfromtherestofAmerican.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatestheunderlyingideaofthepassage?

2.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweenbluesandjazzinAmericanculturewouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Thetoneoftheauthor’sdiscussionofthebluesisprimarilyoneof（）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,BeiderbeckeandArmstrongweresimilarinwhichofthefollowing?

5.TheauthorimpliesthatthekindsofmusicproducedbyBeiderbeckeandArmstrongdiffergreatlybecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseofenvironmentalinfluences,themusicofblackandwhiteartistsmustbeverydifferent.

B.Becauseitistheresultofthought,themusicofblackartistscanbelearnedbywhitemusicians.

C.Becausejazzisprimarilyamusicalformcreatedoninspiration,itisdifficultforonemusiciantocopythestyleofanother.

D.Becausemusichassocialsignificance,itsinfluenceonblackwhiterelationsshouldnotbeunderestimated.

问题2选项

A.JazzplacedmoreemphasisonAfro-Americanculturethandidtheblues

B.JazzchangedtheattitudesofwhitemusicianstowardAfro-Americanculture.

C.Jazzwasbasedonthebluesattitude,butexpresseditinamannerthatwascomprehensibletowhitemusicians.

D.Jazzwasaformofmusicthathadtobeunderstoodinordertobeplayed,whereastheblueshadtobelearned.

问题3选项

A.indifference

B.appreciation

C.curiosity

D.uncertainty

问题4选项

A.Theattitudestheybroughttotheirmusic.

B.Theirabilitytoreflectotherculturesintheirmusic.

C.Theirrelationshipstotheculturesoftheirancestors.

D.ThepositionstheycametoholdinAmericansociety.

问题5选项

A.theattitudesofblacksandwhitesasreflectedintheirmusicarenecessarilydifferent.

B.Beiderbecke’sintellectualismhamperedhisdevelopmentasamusician.

C.rebellionactedasadestructiveforceonBeiderbecke’sperformance.

D.ArmstrongwaswellestablishedasaperformerandBeiderbeckewasnot

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段倒数第二句为本文的主旨句“Theblackman’smusicchangedashechanged,reflectingshiftingattitudesorconsistentattitudeswithinchangecontexts.”黑人的音乐随着他的改变而改变,反映了在变化的环境中态度的转变或态度的一致。这里的“contexts”指的是环境,所以选项A由于环境的影响,黑人和白人艺术家的音乐一定是非常不同的,符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Howeverthewayinwhichjazzutilizestheblues“attitude”providedamusicalanalogythewhitemusiciancouldunderstand,andthushecouldarriveatastyleofjazzmusic.”爵士乐运用蓝调“态度”的方式提供了一个白人音乐家可以理解的音乐,因此他可以创造出一种风格的爵士乐。选项C符合原文。

3.观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知,作者认为蓝调是爵士乐中极为重要的一部分。由此可知,作者的态度是支持的,赞赏的。选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据关键词“BeiderbeckeandArmstrong”定位到最后一段,“TheincredibleironyofthesituationwasthatbothstoodinsimilarplacesinthesuperstructureofAmericansociety;”令人难以置信的讽刺是,在美国社会的上层建筑中,这两个人所处的位置是相似的。选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后几句以及第四段的首句可知,Beiderbecke和Armstrong创作的音乐类型不同是因为黑人和白人对待音乐的态度是不同的,所以选项A正确。

5.单选题

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶压载水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑马贝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼体）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

问题1选项

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

问题2选项

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs

问题3选项

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters

D.sometimesdisruptshippingtimes

问题4选项

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature

B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry

C.acenturiesoldspecies

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents

问题5选项

A.isunlikelytobeidentified

B.mustprecedefurtherresearch

C.ishypotheticallyeasy

D.willlimitglobalshipping

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词Dr.Carlton定位到第二段Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.这些生物从适合当地生命网的沿海水域迁移到一些可能会将网络撕裂的地方。可知这些海洋生物从沿海水域被转移到了其他地方。故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第三段“WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.坎顿和其他海洋生态学家担心的是，他们对每天悄悄进入世界各地沿海水域的数百只外来入侵者缺乏了解。”可知海洋学家担心的是他们对外来入侵者不了解。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhavedevastatingeffects…不断移动的海洋生物已经在全球范围内改变了海洋生物。它会产生毁灭性的影响…可知外来海洋生物的入侵会扰乱水域的生态系统，造成严重影响。故A项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第五段“Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway船舶将压舱水及其居民装载在一个港口的沿海水域，并将压舱水倾倒在数千公里以外的另一个港口。”可知造成外来海洋生物入侵的原因是船舶为了保持平衡要洗手大量的压舱水，到另一个港口后，要将这些压舱水倒出来，所以船舶的运输为海洋生物入侵提供了机会，B项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.那些创造了生物“传送带”的海洋国家应该协调国际力量，小心翼翼地弄清楚正在发生的事情以及应该做些什么。可知B项“必须进行进一步的研究”正确。

6.单选题

Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingthan______time,itmustbeactive.

问题1选项

A.spending

B.passing

C.wasting

D.idling

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.spending花费B.passing通过

C.wasting浪费D.idling混时间，无所事事

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由前半句句子意思“如果阅读是完成一件事，而不是______时间”可知，空格处应该表示“消磨时间”，passtime表示“消磨时间、打发时间”。因此，B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A选项spendtime（花费时间）、C选项wastetime（浪费时间）和D选项idletime（停工时间、空闲时间）不符合句子意思。

【句意】如果阅读是完成一件事，而不是消磨时间，那么它必须是积极的。

7.单选题

Allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

问题1选项

A.acclaimed

B.declaimed

C.proclaimed

D.exclaimed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项acclaimed“称赞；为……喝彩，向……欢呼”；B选项declaimed“慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读”；C选项proclaimed“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项exclaimed“（由于强烈的情感或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊”。句意：所有的妇女都___这个婴儿发育得多么好。本句表达“妇女称赞婴儿发育的好”，因此C选项正确。

8.写作题

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofatleast200wordsbasedonthetopic“TraditionandInnovation”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,providereasonsoryourexperiencestosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】Thereisavividsayingwhichsays“Iftraditioncanbelikenedtotherootsandtrunkofatree,innovationisitsleavesandfruits.”Iquiteapplaudthissimile.Frommyperspective,traditionandinnovationaredoomedtocoexistperpetually.

Firstandforemost,traditionisasolidfoundationforinnovation,withabundantnutritionwecanabsorb,suchasscientificexperimentapproachesandsciencespirits.Secondly,it’sthedrawbacksoftraditionincertainfieldsthatgiverisetoinspirationandmomentumtoinnovate.Forinstance,ThomasEdison,whocaughtthesightoftheinconvenienceoftraditionalgaslight,conductedexperimentsandeventuallyinventedlightbulb.Onthecontrary,innovationwillcertainlyfightagainsttradition.Whenaninnovationsatisfiespeople'sexpectation,itcangainpopularityandfinallymakeitselfanewelementintradition,whichwillbeheldinhighesteem.

Inaword,traditionandinnovationcanneverbeseparated.Attheverytime,withtheever-increasingspeedofinnovation,adiversityofnewly-borntechnologyandhi-techproductspenetrateourdailylife.I’mconvincedthatwe’dbetterbeabsolutelyconsciousofourroot——traditionandgiveprioritytoit.Onlywhenwegainathoroughcomprehensionofitcanweaccomplishmagnificentinnovationandexertpositiveeffectonoursocietyasawhole.

9.单选题

Itmadehimuncomfortableto（）hisplanandthinkofsomethingnew.

问题1选项

A.switch

B.transfer

C.shift

D.alter

【答案】D

【解析】句意:改变计划或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。

考查动词辨析。switch转换,挥动;transfer使转移,调任;shift转移,替换;alter改变,更改。因此D符合句意。

10.单选题

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor（1）toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful（2）ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem（3）theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand（4）ofmosthighways,the（5）oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily（6）forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation（7）arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate（8）inmanyways,forthe（9）ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest（10）ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda（11）,suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable（12）,butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices（13）,sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis（14）toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof（15）infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by（16）taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso（17）theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto（18）andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs（19）certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto（20）betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

问题1选项

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

问题2选项

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

问题3选项

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

问题4选项

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

问题5选项

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

问题6选项

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

问题7选项

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

问题8选项

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

问题9选项

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

问题10选项

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

问题11选项

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

问题12选项

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

问题13选项

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

问题14选项

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

问题15选项

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

问题16选项

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

问题17选项

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

问题18选项

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

问题19选项

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

问题20选项

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:A

第18题:B

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查逻辑关系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大镜”;horror“恐怖”;economy“经济”。文章开头第一句就讲到消费者与生产者会对经济产生影响，由此可以推出文章接下来要讲另一个影响因素，只有D符合题意。

2.考查词汇辨析。elevation”海拨，提高”;emotion“情感、情绪”;election“选举”;powerfuleffect“强大的影响力”,选项C符合题意。

3.考查逻辑关系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏离、分叉”;clamp“夹住”。邮政系统属于服务行业，故选择B“服务”。

4.考查名词词义辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃烧、氧化”;commence“开始，着手”；maintenance“维修；维护”高速公路除了建设，还需要对其进行保养，才保证正常使用。选项D符合题意。

5.考查名词词义辨析。commonplace“老生常谈、司空见惯的事”;conductivity“导电性”;consequence“结果，后果”。高速公路建设与保养问题，涉及一个归属与责任权的问题，句中提到individualstates（各个州）。由此可知选B（责任）符合题意。

6.考查动词词义辨析。console“安慰”;compact“压缩、压紧”;bracket“把...归入同一类”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment（公共教育系统大多数的资金由联邦政府提供）。由此可知，接下来继续谈论费用的承担问题。选项C（支付）符合题意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“联合抵制”;budget“预算”;charter”宪章、特许状”；

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services（警察局、消防部门、卫生局）。故选择A。

8.考查名词词义辨析。banquet“宴会”;boom“兴旺，繁荣”;arena“舞台”；enterprise“企业”。文章是讲政府在经济中发挥的作用，推动经济的发展很大程度上取决于企业的发展，句中business:此处理解为企业。选项D符合题意。

9.考查名词词义辨析。assertion“断言、声明”;asset“资产，财产”;assumption“假定，假设”。政府实施对企业的管理是为了达到某一目的，故选择B（目的，企图）。

10.考查名词词义辨析。admiration”钦佩，赞赏”;adoption“采用，收养”;accuracy“精确度，准确性”。政府指导企业的发展，让企业在盈利的同时，也需要满足全社会的利益，故选择B（利益）。

11.考查名词词义辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”废除，废止”;morality“道德，品行”。企业为了个人利益难免会垄断某个行业，Regulationisnecessaryinareas：政府在某些行业采取调控是有必要的。故得知选择A（垄断）。

12.考查名词词义辨析。proximity“接近，邻近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸怀，乳房”。

企业要生存就必须盈利，故选择D（利润）。

13.考查副词词义辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企业为了赚得更多的利润，会打价格战，会恶意提高价格，故选择B（不公平地）。

14.考查动词词义辨析。broaden“扩大，变宽”;bankrupt“破产”;exemplify”例证，例示”。control此处理解为调控，而这一行为是需要实施，故选择A（运用，执行）。

15.考查名词词义辨析。faculty“科，系”;quantity“量，数量”;fragment“碎片，片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood：食品药品管理局禁止生产有害药品，提出食品加工的质量标准，由此可知选择C（质量）。

16.考查动词词义辨析。applaud“赞同，鼓掌”;assess“评定，估计”;ascend“上升，攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...：调控经济过热和过度衰退，抑制通货膨胀。要解决这些问题需要采用一些经济手段，如：调整税率，货币发行量（themoneysupply）,故选择D（调整）。

17.考查名词词义辨析。accommodate“适应，调解”;adhere“坚持”;affirm“肯定，断言”。运用经济手段（调整税率、货币发行量），会对经济产生一定影响，故选择A（影响）。

18.考查名词词义辨析。beverage“饮料”;bondage“束缚，奴役”;botany“植物学”。individual:个人，政府要保证个体利益也需要照顾全局，由此可以得知选择B（企业）。

19.考查动词词义辨析。Perplex“困惑，为难”;perturb“扰乱”;plunder”抢夺，抢劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;为了企业的更好的发展，可以允许减免某些企业的税收，故选择B（允许）。

20.考查动词词义辨析。compensate“补偿、赔偿”;confront“面对，遭遇”;console“安慰，慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods（美国产品、外国产品），可得知国内产品与外国产品为了争得市场，必然存在竞争，故选D（竞争）。

11.单选题

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.Whichofthefollowing