考研考博-英语-广西中医药大学赛恩斯新医药学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西中医药大学赛恩斯新医药学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholarsandteachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware，producedbyafewsuperstarteachers，marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation，thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent—orotherdangerswillnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow’suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.

Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudentscolleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

Moreover,thereseemslittlereasontosupposethatanyoneformofuniversitymustnecessarilydriveoutallotheroptions.Studentsmaybe“enrolled”incoursesofferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between—orevenduring—sessionsatarealworldproblemfocusedinstitution.

Asco-editorSohailInayatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinevitable,andtheveryactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibilitiescandirectlyaffecthowthoughtfully,creativelyandurgentlyevenadominanttechnologyisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstothosewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.

1.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,________.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

3.Accordingtothereview，whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionaluniversityeducation?

4.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers_________.

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?

问题1选项

A.heisinfavourofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisslightlycriticalofit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

问题2选项

A.Internet-basedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

B.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

C.Internet-basedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

问题3选项

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolveexistingsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.

问题4选项

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

问题5选项

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Persuasion.

D.Exposition.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.作者态度题。根据文章第二段，“…Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling…”，可知作者一方面认为网络大学存在很多优势，比如课程安排等等。根据文章第三段，“YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers…”，作者认为网络大学也有很多隐藏着的危险，所以优缺点都有体现。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“…marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket…sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork…”，可知大学存在的危险包括由几位明星教师编著的课程大肆宣扬后会主宰教育市场，并且降低实体教育的意义，使教职工失业等，文中并未提及互联网课程的费用问题。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句，“…insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?”，可知大学的教育的根本使命就是基本的技术训练和培养学生的职业技能，选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第六段和第七段，“…Somewouldactasbrokers…Asecondgroup,mentors…Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers..”可知，未来大学教师的三种角色是经纪人、导师和决策制定者。根据文章第六段，“…charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudentscolleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.”，第三种教师角色是带领着学生同事共同寻找解决某些特定现实世界问题的精神的以及合理的和技术性的方法。所以他们的任务更加艰巨了。选项C符合题意。

5.考查文体。纵观全文，第一段进行了导入，简短地介绍了《转型中的大学》这个本书，接下来第二段和第三段分别阐述了网络大学的优点和缺点，紧接着阐述了网络大学可能给未来带来的影响，以及教师们的角色的变化等等，所以本文对网络大学进行了一系列的说明和阐述，为说明文，选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Ihadanexperiencesomeyearsagowhichtaughtmesomethingaboutthewaysinwhichpeoplemakeabadsituationworsebyblamingthemselves.OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife.Theirhomeshappenedtobeneareachother,soIpaidcondolencecallsonthetwofamiliesonthesameafternoon.

Atthefirsthome,thesonofthedeceasedwomansaidtome,“IfonlyIhadsentmymothertoFloridaandgottenheroutofthiscoldandsnow,shewouldbealivetoday.It’smyfaultthatshedied.”Atthesecondhome,thesonoftheotherdeceasedwomansaid,“IfonlyIhadn’tinsistedonmymother’sgoingtoFlorida,shewouldbealivetoday.Thatlongairplaneride,theabruptchangeofclimate,wasmorethanshecouldtake.It’smyfaultthatshe’sdead.”

Whenthingsdon’tturnoutaswewouldlikethemto,itisverytemptingtoassumethathadwedonethingsdifferently,thestorywouldhavehadahappierending.Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter.Afterall,howcouldhaveturnedoutanyworse?

Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty.Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.Thatleadsustofindpatternsandconnectionsbothwheretheyreallyexistandwheretheyexistonlyinourminds.

Thesecondelementisthenotionthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen.Itseemstobeashortstepfrombelievingthateveryeventhasacausetobelievingthateverydisasterisourfault.Therootsoffeelingmaylieinourchildhood.Psychologistsspeakoftheinfantilemythofomnipotence.Ababycomestothinkthattheworldexiststomeethisneeds,andthathemakeseverythinghappeninit.Hewakesupinthemorningandsummonstherestoftheworldtoitstasks.Hecries,andsomeonecomestoattendtohim.Whenheishungry,peoplefeedhim,andwhenheiswet,peoplechangehim.Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.

1.Whatissaidaboutthetwodeceasedelderlywoman?

2.Theauthorhadtoconductthetwowomen’sfuneralsprobablybecause（

）.

3.Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirlovedonesbecause

（

）.

4.Inthecontextofthepassage,“...theworldmakessense”(Line2,Para.4)probablymeansthat

（

）.

5.Peoplehavebeenmadetobelievesinceinfancythat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylivedoutanaturallife.

B.Theydiedofexhaustionafterthelongplaneride.

C.Theyweren’taccustomedtothechangeinweather.

D.Theydiedduetolackofcarebyfamilymembers.

问题2选项

A.hewantedtoconsolethetwofamilies

B.hewasanofficialfromthecommunity

C.hehadgreatsympathyforthedeceased

D.hewaspriestofthelocalchurch

问题3选项

A.theycouldn’tfindabetterwaytoexpresstheirgrief

B.theybelievethattheywereresponsible

C.theyhadneglectedthenaturalcourseofevents

D.theydidn’tknowthingsoftenturnoutintheoppositedirection

问题4选项

A.everythingintheworldispredetermined

B.theworldcanbeinterpretedindifferentways

C.there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld

D.wehavetobesensibleinordertounderstandtheworld

问题5选项

A.everybodyisattheircommand

B.lifeanddeathisanunsolvedmystery

C.everystoryshouldhaveahappyending

D.theirwishesarethecauseofeverythingthathappens

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.細节事实题。根据文章第一段的OneJanuary,Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”astheBiblewouldsay;bothyieldedtothenormalwearingoutofthebodyafteralongandfulllife(那是在一月，我连着为两位年迈的老人主持葬礼,正如圣经中所说，这两位老人都是在经历了漫长和完整的人生之后的身体正常耗尽)可知选项A“两位老人终其天年”与文章意思相符。

2.判断推理题。题目是问“作者需要为两位老人办理丧事的原因有可能是什么。选项A:因为作者想安慰这两个家，B:因为作者是那个社区的公务人员，C:因为作者对死者怀有无限同情和D:因为作者是当地教堂的牧师，并且根据原文Ihadtoofficiateattwofuneralsonsuccessivedaysfor“fullofyears”as...中的关键词officiate“主持宗教仪式”和onsuccessivedays“连续”可知极有可能的原因是选项D。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息Peoplefeelguiltyforthedeathsoftheirloved定位至第三段:Priestsknowthatanytimethereisadeath,thesurvivorswillfeelguilty.,而后面紧接着说到原因:Becausethecourseofactiontheytookturnedoutbadly,theybelievedthattheoppositecourse—keepingMotherathome,postponingtheoperationthatwouldhaveturnedoutbetter(当他们的行动计划引起了坏的结果时，他们就会相信如果当初采取不同的行动计划，如将母亲留在家里以及将计划延期，那么结果就会好很多)，由此可知人们通常会对至亲的去世感到内疚是因为他们认为自己对于至亲的去世负有贵任，即选项B。

4.语义题。第四段主要是对我们常常会感到自责的原因之一的介绍，根据这—段中的Thefirstisourpressingneedtobelievethattheworldmakessense,thatthereisacauseforeveryeffectandareasonforeverythingthathappens.“一方面是因为我们非常相信世界自有其道理，也就是说世间的一切都有某发生存在的原因”可知theworldmakessense意思是世间的一切都有其发生存在的原因，故答案选项为C。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一句话Veryoften,wedonotcompletelyoutgrowthatinfantilenotionthatourwishescausethingstohappen.“通常，我们都没有从那个婴儿时期形成的观念中摆脱出来，即一切事件都发生都取决于我们自身的意念”，故答案选项为D“他们自身的意念是导致一切发生的根本原因”。

3.单选题

Hewas（）fromthecompetitionbecausehehadnotcompliedwiththerules.

问题1选项

A.forbidden

B.barred

C.disqualified

D.excused

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:forbid“禁止，指禁止某人进入某地、或禁止某人用某物或做某事”；B:bar“禁止，指用障碍物阻止或禁止”；C:disqualify“取消……的资格”；D:excuse“原谅”。句意：他被禁止参加比赛，因为他没有遵守比赛规则。结合句意，故C为正确答案。

4.单选题

ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.

TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.

ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.

AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.

1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.

2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.

3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.

4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.

5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.

问题1选项

A.unlimitedpower

B.unrestrictedgrowth

C.territory

D.treaties

问题2选项

A.warlike

B.strong

C.accomplished

D.timid

问题3选项

A.complete

B.warlike

C.independent

D.isolated

问题4选项

A.opentochange

B.triumphant

C.opentoattack

D.defeated

问题5选项

A.closedoff

B.damaged

C.alone

D.circled

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.（虽然这些突袭的规模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，为英格兰国库增加了黄金和白银，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思为“至高无上；最大权力；最高地位”，所以A选项“无限力量”正确。B选项“无限制的增长”，C选项“领土”和D选项“条约”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.（他指挥了130艘各类帆船，招募了19,000多名强壮的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思为“强壮的；强劲的”，在这里B选项“强壮的”正确。A选项“好战的；军事的”，C选项“技艺高超的”和D选项“胆小的”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.（尽管他的一些船只缺少枪支和弹药，但菲利普坚信他的无敌舰队可以抵抗任何与英国的战争。），可知这支舰队是用于军事的，所以B选项“军事的”正确。A选项“完整的”，C选项“独立的”和D选项“孤立的”：根据第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.（1588年5月9日，“无敌舰队”从葡萄牙里斯本起航，但恶劣的天气迫使它返回港口。），这里没有提到是否是整支舰队参与行动，并且这些参与行动的船只一起行动，并没有独立和孤立，故错误。因此B选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.（这两场战役使西班牙变得脆弱不堪，损失了几艘战舰，也耗尽了弹药。），vulnerable意思为“易受攻击的”，所以C选项“易受攻击”正确，A选项“接受改变”，B选项“大获全胜”和D选项“战败”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据第三段倒数第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一边，船员们只能在恐慌和混乱中漂流。），Blocked意思为“封锁”，所以A选项“封锁”正确。B选项“破坏”，C选项“单独的”和D选项“包围的”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。

5.翻译题

假如预期实际油价的上涨幅度将超过替代资产的回报率，生产者会把石油留在地下不开采。因此决定当前价格的，是预期的未来价格。最重要的推动因素是新兴国家（尤其是中国）需求的预期增长情况，以及对替代能源供应的担忧。中国经济的迅速增长及其资源高度密集型的增长方式，是最重要的因素。

【答案】

Producerswillleaveoilinthegroundiftheriseinrealoilpricesisexpectedtobefasterthanthereturnonthealternativeassets.Whatdeterminesthecurrentpricethenistheexpectedfutureprice.Themostimportantstimulationshavebeentheprospectivegrowthinthedemandofemergingcountries,particularlyChina,andgloomaboutalternativesourcesofsupply.China’srapidandhighlyresource-intensivegrowthisthemostimportantfactor.

6.单选题

Scientists’pristinereputationasdevoteesofthedisinterestedpursuitoftruthhasbeencompromisedbyrecentevidencethatsomescientistshavedeliberately（

）experimentalresultstoflirthertheirowncareers.

问题1选项

A.reinforced

B.validated

C.exterminated

D.fabricated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce“加强”；validate“证实；使生效”；exterminate“根除”；fabricate“制造；捏造”。句意：科学家的原始声誉：即作为对真理进行无私追求的信徒已被近来的证据连累，该证据表明一些科学家为了促进自己的职业生涯发展而故意捏造实验结果。由compromised与experimentalresults可知“捏造”符合语境，故D项正确。

7.翻译题

HongKongisheldinhighregardandthereisadeepreservoirofgoodwillforHongKongaroundtheworld.HongKong’sstrongestsupportersinternationallyarethosewhoknowitwell,andthosewhohavevisitedHongKongsincetheHandover.ThereiswiderecognitionthatHongKong’sproximitytotheMainlandofChinaandtheexperiencetheHongKongbusinesscommunityhasindoingbusinessthererepresenttremendousadvantagesforHongKong.HongKongbusinesscommunitymustmovefastifitistofullyleveragethoseadvantages.

AnotherchallengefacedbyHongKongistheperceptionthatitmustdoabetterjobofpublicizingthesignificantaddedvalueitoffersinfaceofwhatisseenasthehighcostofdoingbusinessandlivinginHongKong.HongKong’speople,andtheirreputationforhardworkandentrepreneurship,areseenasoneofitsgreatestassets.However,thereisconcernexpressedbysomeinthecommunitythatsufficientstepsarenotbeingtakentomaintainhighstandardsofEnglishlanguagecapability,particularlywiththeyoungpeopleenteringtheworkforce.

【答案】【参考译文】世界对香港的评价很高，有关香港的溢美之词不胜枚举。香港在国际上最坚定的支持者是那些很了解它的人，和那些自香港回归以来踏足香港的外地朋友。人们普遍认为，香港与中国大陆毗邻的地理位置以及香港商界的经商经验对香港来说都是巨大的优势。如果香港商界想要充分利用那些优势，那么必须快速地行动起来。

香港面临的另一个挑战是，在面对看似高昂的商业和生活成本时，需要认识到更好地宣传其所提供的重要附加值的必要性。香港人，以及他们努力工作和拥有创业精神的声誉被看成是香港最主要的资产之一。然而，香港商界的一些人担心，政府现在没有采取足够的措施去维持高水平的英语语言能力，尤其是进入职场的年轻人的英语能力。

8.单选题

Withfewexceptions,thelastwordsofhistory’sgreatplayershavebeenaboutasinterestingandupliftingasaphonebook.Wemayexpectpearlsofprofundityfromourexpiringartists,philosophers,andworldleaders,butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.

Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.Bullet-riddledFrancisco“Pancho”Villawasprobablypreoccupiedwhenhetoldacomrade,“Don’tletitendthisway.TellthemIsaidsomething.”Butdon’twehavetherighttoexpecteloquenceinthefinalstanzasoflegendarywordsmithslikeLordByronandJohannWolfgangvonGoethe?Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”Goethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively;“Openthesecondshuttersothatmorelightmaycomein”becamethemoresublime“Morelight!”(Thereis,bytheway,somedebatewhetherGoethe’slastwordswerenot,infact,“Comemylittleone,andgivemeyourpaw.’’)

AndoneisloathtomentionWhitman’slastbarbaricyawp:“Holdmeup;Iwanttoshit.”LegendarywagOscarWilde’slastwordswerenothingmorethanshoptalk.Commentingonanovelhehadrecentlyread,Wildesaid,“ThisisafinestudyoftheAmericanpoliticianandpossessesthequalityoftruthincharacterization.Whatelsehastheladywritten?”

Queenshaveleftlittlemoreforthelivingtochewon.ElizabethIwaswhiny(“Allmypossessionsforamomentoftime”),whileMarieAntoinettewasclumsybutpolite:“Pardonnez-moi,Monsieur,”shesaid,aftertreadinguponherexecutioner’stoe.

Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.HasanyonedepartedthescenebetterthanminorEnglishplaywrightHenryArthurJones,who,askedwhomhewouldprefertositwithhimduringtheevening,hisnurseorhisniece,replied,“Theprettier.Nowfightforit.”ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”AndyouhavetoadmirethesinglenessofpurposeinthelastwordsofFrenchgrammarianDominiqueBouhours:“Iamaboutto—orIamgoingto—die;eitherexpressionisused.”Forsheerentertainmentvalue,youcan’tbeatthelastwordsofcondemnedprisoners,particularlyifyouhaveafondnessforgraveyardhumor.Askedbythefiringsquadcommanderifhehadalastrequest,JamesRogessaid,“Whyyes.Abullet-proofvest!”andyou’vegottoloveacondemnedmurdererwhocancontinuetocutupfromtheelectricchair.“Howaboutthisforaheadlineintomorrow’spaper,”JamesFrenchsaid.“FrenchFries!”

Somelastwordswillforeverremainanenigma,theirmeaninggonetothegravealongwiththeirspeakers.HenryDavidThoreau’s“Moose,Indian,”forinstance,andtheeerielastwordsofJohnWilkesBoothasheemergedfromaburningbarn,fatallywounded,lookedathishandsandmuttered,“Useless,useless.”Inasimilarvein,whattomakeofconductorLeonardBernstain’slastwords“What’sthis?”ornovelistVictorHugo’s“Iseeblacklight”?

Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:“Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.”Comparethattothestagy,obviouslyrehearsed“Nowcomesthemystery”(HenryWardBeecher)orLudwigvanBeethoven’s“Friends,applaud.Thecomedyisover.”

ItmaywellbethatplanningyourlastwordsisnomoreprofitableapursuitthanpreparingourNovelPrizeacceptancespeech.WhocansaywhentheGrimReaperwilltapabonyfingeronyourshoulder?ItisunlikelythatpoetDylanThomasthought“I’vehad18straightwhiskeys.Ithinkthat’stherecord”wasgoingtobeswansong.

Coulditbethat“greatlastwords”areamythofthehaleandhearty,andthattheexpiringunderstandthatthedeathbedisnoplacefor11th-houphilosophizing?Didn’tChristhimselfsignoffwiththeunpretentious“Itisfinished”?Besides,whyshouldthemundaneactofdyingbringoneanyclosertothetruth?KarlMarxmayhavehaditright,foronce,whenheansweredhishousekeeper’srequestforlastwordswith:“Goon,getout!Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough!”

26.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsfamouslastwordsis（）.

27.Accordingtotheauthor,whenFrancisco"Pancho"Villagavehislastwords,he（）.

28.TheauthortakesByron,GoetheandWildeasexamplestoshowthat（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,thelastwordsof（）werecomparativelygood.

30.Theauthorthinksthereallastwordsshouldbethose（）.

问题1选项

A.sympathetic

B.satirical

C.callous

D.incensed

问题2选项

A.mightbethinkingofsomethingelse

B.triedtomakethemmoreeloquent

C.wantedtotellasecrettoacomrade

D.wasunwillingtodieatanearlyage

问题3选项

A.biographersusuallyrevisethelastwordsofthegreatwriters

B.justlikeaveragepeople,thedyingwordsmithshaveaconfusedmind

C.itisdisappointingthattheyfailedtoleavesomememorablewords

D.itposesagreatcontrastbetweentheirworksandlastwords

问题4选项

A.EdmundGwenn

B.WaltWhitman

C.HenryDavidThoreau

D.MarieAntoinette

问题5选项

A.illuminatingandhigh-sounding

B.preparedinadvance

C.conciseandvivid

D.givenimprovisationally

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】26.观点态度题。根据“…butmoreoftenweareleftwithdry-as-dustcliche.（但更常见的情况是，我们只剩下枯燥无味的陈词滥调）”“Lastwordsareforfoolswhohaven’tsaidenough（遗言是留给那些话还不够多的傻瓜们的）”即可得出本题答案。

27.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“Francisco‘Pancho’Villa”,可将信息点定位至原文第二段，根据“Admittedly,it’snotexactlyfairtoexpectdeepinsightsintolife’smysterieswhenthedyingclearlyhaveotherthingsontheirminds—hell,forinstance,orunspeakablepain.（诚然，将死亡的人心里显然还有其他事情——比如地狱，或者难以言喻的痛苦——时，期望对生命的奥秘有深刻的洞见是不公平的。）”即可得出本题答案。

28.

细节推断题。根据题干关键字“Byron,GoetheandWilde”，可将信息点定位至原文第二段第五到第六句。根据“Byroncouldn’tbebotheredtoworkupadecentrhyme:“NowIshallgotosleep.Goodnight.”（拜伦不厌其烦地写了一首优美的诗：“现在我要睡觉了。晚安。”）”“Goethe’slastwordweresodullbiographershavebeenobligedtoeditcreatively（歌德的临终遗言如此乏味，传记作家不得不创造性地编辑）”，即可推断得出本题答案。

29.

细节推断题。根据题干关键字，将信息点定位至原文第五段，“Ironically,itmayhavebeentherelativelyobscurewhodeliveredhistory’sbestexitlines.（具有讽刺意味的是，可能是相对不太知名的人说出了历史上最好的遗言。）”“ActorEdmundGwennwasterse:“Dyingiseasy.Comedyisdifficult.”（演员埃德蒙•格温（EdmundGwenn）简洁地说：“死亡很容易。喜剧是很困难的。”）即可得出本题答案。

30.

细节事实题。根据题干关键字“reallastwords”可将信息点定位至原文第七段，根据“Tome,themostgenuinelastwordsarethosethatarisenaturallyfromthemoment,suchasVoltaire’sresponsetoarequestthatheforswearSatan:‘Thisisnotimetomakenewenemies.’（在我看来，最真实的临终遗言是那些从那一刻起就自然出现的遗言，比如伏尔泰（Voltaire）对请求他放弃撒旦的回应：‘现在不是制造新敌人的时候。’）”，即可得出本题答案。

9.单选题

Wewatchedtheshipuntilitbecameonlya（）inthedistance.

问题1选项

A.point

B.jar

C.dot

D.stove

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项point“要点；得分”；B选项jar“罐；广口瓶”；C选项dot“点，圆点；嫁妆”；D选项stove“火炉；窑”。句意：我们一直看着轮船，直到它变成远