考研考博-英语-广西工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西工程职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.填空题

Who（

）youhowtowriteChinesecharacters?Yourcalligraphyisreallyimpressive!

【答案】

taught

【解析】语义题。句意:谁你写书法?你的书法真令人钦佩!因此空格处应为“教”。而且此处应为过去式,故填taught。

2.填空题

Businessandgovernmentleadersconsidertheinflationratetobeanimportantgeneralindicator.Inflationisaperiodofincreasedspendingthatcausesrapidrisesinprices.Whenyourmoneybuysfewergoodssothatyouget（1）forthesameamountofmoneyasbefore，inflationistheproblem.Thereisageneralrise（2）thepricesandservices.Yourmoneybuysless.Sometimespeopledescribeinflationasatimewhen“adollarisnotworthadollaranymore”.

Inflationisaproblemforallconsumers.Peoplewholiveonafixedincomearehurtthebest.Retiredpeople，forinstancecannotcount（3）anincreaseinincomeaspricesrise.Elderlypeoplewhodonotworkfaceseriousproblemsinstretchingtheirincomesto（4）theirneedsintimeofinflation.Retirementincomeoranyfixedincomeusuallydoesnotriseasfastasprices.Manyretiredpeoplemustcuttheirspendingtokeepupwithrisingprices.Inmanycasestheymuststop（5）somenecessaryitems，suchasfoodandclothing.Evenforworkingpeoplewhoseincomesaregoingup，inflationcanbeaproblem.Thecostoflivinggoes（6），too.Peoplewhoworkmusthaveevenmoremoneytokeepuptheirstandardofliving.Justbuyingthethingstheyneedcostsmore.Whenincomesdonotkeeppacewith（7）prices，thestandardoflivinggoesdown.Peoplemaybeearningthesame（8）ofmoney，buttheyarenotlivingaswellbecausetheyarenotabletobuyasmanygoodsandservices.

Governmentunitsgatherinformationaboutpricesinoureconomyandpublishitaspriceindexesfrom（9）therateofchangecanbedetermined.Apriceindexmeasureschangesinpricesusingthepriceforagivenyearasthebase.Thebasepriceissetat100，andtheotherpricesarereportedasapercentageofthebaseprice.Apriceindexmakes（10）possibletocomparecurrentpricesoftypicalconsumergoods，forexample，withpricesofthesamegoodsinpreviousyear.

【答案】1.less

2.in

3.on

4.meet

5.buying

6.down

7.rising

8.amount

9.which

10.it

【解析】1.考查前后逻辑。空格处所在句子的前一句解释了什么是通货膨胀：消费需求增加，物价上涨，从而货币贬值。用同样的钱买到的东西比以前要少，所以空格处填less。

2.考查固定搭配。在某些方面增加用介词in。

3.考查固定搭配。counton“指望，依靠”，退休人员指望不上收入能够随着物价上涨而增加。

4.考查固定搭配。meetone’sneeds“满足某人的需要”，老年人在通货膨胀的时代无法让自己的收入来满足自己的需求。

5.考查动词用法。空格处所在句子的前一句句意是：许多退休人员为了跟上上涨的物价，必须要缩减自己的开支。由此可知他们放弃了很多需要购买的东西，buying符合题意。

6.考查固定搭配。godown“下降”。由于通货膨胀，导致了生活开支水平下降。

7.考查前后逻辑。全文一直提到物价上涨，空格处需要填写的也是一个表示物价增长的词，rising符合题意。

8.考查固定搭配。thesameamountof“同等数量的”。

9.考查定语从句。定语从句用来修饰priceindexes（价格指数），which符合题意。

10.考查固定用法。makeitpossible“使它成为可能”。

3.单选题

AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.

Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.

1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat（）.

2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT（）.

3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?

5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat（）.

问题1选项

A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance

B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé

C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials

D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength

问题2选项

A.“...turnedBabylonian”

B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”

C.“acresofwhitenapery”

D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”

问题3选项

A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway

B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim

C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted

D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen

问题4选项

A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.

B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.

C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.

D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.

问题5选项

A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation

B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet

C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier

D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”，代表着_________。由引号部分的内容，可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas，theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization，perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上，确实是一个新时代的前哨，也许是一种新的文明，也许是一种新的野蛮；在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和钢铁，就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士，平衡到最后的半便士。）。根据上下文，it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引导一个比较状语从句，把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”与“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”进行比较。采用了象征的手法，“thinmarblefront”象征着外貌浮华，实则脆弱，“concreteandsteel”，象征着本质现实，与商业无差。所以我们可以得出选项A“奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义”，符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆的风格和魅力存在一个基本的虚伪”和D选项“咖啡馆是基于物理基础和真实的经济实力”，都是在说咖啡馆的特征，故不符合题意。C选项“建筑师将新旧建筑材料合理地混合在一起”，此处不是在讲建筑材料，而是通过建筑材料引申出更深刻的含义，故C选项错误。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

2.推理判断题。题干：以下单词除了______，都是在批判茶馆。A选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.（一家已经疯了，变了样的茶馆。巴比伦，一座有万盏灯的白色宫殿），Babylonian用于限定茶馆，是一处用典，表示罪恶的、富丽的与critical意义一致，故排除A选项。B选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;（它像城堡一样高耸于其他建筑之上，确实是一个新时代的前哨，也许是一种新的文明，也许是一种新的野蛮），此处barbarism和civilization是对比关系，仅表达中性价值，故B选项错误。C选项的单词定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots（在背后的某个地方，隐藏在万盏灯、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花缭乱的闪闪发光的茶壶后面），此处体现了铺张浪费，表达作者的批评，故排除C选项。D选项的单词可以定位到文章第一段第三句话justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.（就像在奢侈的背后是数百万便士，平衡到最后的半便士。），此处象征着奢华外表的背后是现代现实主义的商业主义，也是批判的含义，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味着咖啡馆的目的是________。根据题干定位到第一段最后两句话Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.（比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶馆，不仅仅是为了寻找茶点，而是为了寻找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也许他心里知道，人类已经征服了半个已知的世界，掠夺了整个王国，却从未有过这样的奢侈。这地方是为他建造的），咖啡馆的性质是它富丽堂皇，铺张浪费如宫殿，商业性强。本文全文都是对他的批判。A选项“以简单的方式愉悦人们”，咖啡馆并不简单，而是奢侈，所以A选项不正确。B选项“利用像他这样容易上当的人”，符合题目对咖啡馆批判的性质，故B选项符合题意。C选项“满足已经存在的需求”，和D选项“为疲惫的年轻人提供放松”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.推理判断题。题干：以下关于第二段的陈述，不正确的是？文章第二段提到当走到咖啡馆内部时，分别从视觉，嗅觉，听觉的方面描述了内部的情景，所以A选项“咖啡馆同时吸引了大多数感官”，符合题意。B选项“咖啡馆既充满了人，又充满了温暖”，第二段并没有提及咖啡馆里面有没有人，而温暖也是由于其奢侈的装修带来的视觉感受，是一种讽刺，所以B选项不正确。第二段第三句话Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.（整个11月，街道上的阴暗、污浊和空气都立刻被抛在脑后，遗忘了。屋里的气氛是金黄的、热带的，像是糖果店的盛夏时节。），可知，C选项“咖啡馆的内部与外面的天气形成了鲜明的对比”，正确。通过第二段整个的描述，都是在说咖啡馆内部的奢华，故D选项“它强调了咖啡馆老板的商业决心”，也是正确的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.事实细节题。题干：以下是作者在第二段所做的类比，除了_________。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句话Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.（它还为许多其他的人建造，像往常一样，他们都在那里。这似乎是人性的表现。大理石门厅里堆满了令人眼花缭乱的糖果和蛋糕，拥挤得像火车站一样。），可知A选项“入口大厅被比作一个火车站”，是作者做的比较，排除A选项。文章第二段第五句话whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls（一个年轻的犹太小提琴家带领着一支管弦乐队，他有着明亮的眼睛，对颤音的热情，像磁铁一样吸引着无数女孩），可知B选项“管弦乐队被比作一块磁铁”，也是作者用的比喻，排除B选项。由文章第二段第四句话theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery（里面的气氛是金黄色的，充满了热带气息，像是糖果店的盛夏时节），可知D选项“咖啡馆的内部被比作温暖的国家”，也是作者的比喻，故排除D选项。由第二段第五句话Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor（Turgis对电梯不屑一顾，他再一次为这一切的景象、声音和气味而兴奋，爬上宽大的楼梯，一直走到他最喜欢的楼层），可知B选项“Turgis像一名胜利的士兵一样欢迎电梯的到来”，不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

4.单选题

AgriculturalprogressprovidedthestimulusnecessarytosetoffeconomicexpansioninmedievalFrance.Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.

However,notallthefundsfromtheagriculturalsurpluswereactuallyavailableforcommercialinvestment.Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.AlthoughLouisVIIofFranceleviedalesscrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidEngland’sHenryII,LouisVIIdidspendgreatsumsonanunsuccessfulcrusade,andhisvassals—bothlayandecclesiastic—tookoverspendingwheretheirsovereignstopped.SurplusfundswereclaimedbothbytheChurchandbyfeudallandholders,whereuponcathedralsandcastlesmushroomedthroughoutFrance.

Thesimultaneousprogressofcathedralbuildingand,forinstance,vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests;theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches,butthelatterhadastrongerimmediateimpactupongrossnationalproduct.Moreover,thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.

Sincedemandsontheagriculturalsurpluswouldhavevariedfromyeartoyear,wecannotpreciselycalculatetheirimpactonthecommercialgrowthofmedievalFrance.Butwemustbearthatimpactinmindwhenestimatingtheassetsthatwerelikelytohavebeenavailableforinvestment.Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.Evenwarshandedbackafragmentofwhattheytook,atleasttoafew.Still,wecannotplaceonthesameplaneaprimarilydestructiveactivityandaconstructiveone,norexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermill.Aboveall,medievalFrancehadlittleroomforinvestmentoverandabovethepreservationoflife.Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.

1.Accordingtothepassage,agriculturalrevenuesinexcessoftheamountneededforsubsistencewereusedbymedievalkingsto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwasanimportantsourceofrevenueinmedievalFrance?

3.ThepassagesuggeststhatwhichofthefollowingwouldhavereducedtheassetsimmediatelyavailableforcommercialinvestmentinmedievalFrance?

I.Renovationofalargecathedral

II.Asharpincreaseinthebirthrate

III.AninvasionofFrancebyHenryII

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmorepeoplecouldentergovernmentandtheChurchinmedievalFrancebecause（

）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwecannotexpectthesameresultsfromanewbelltowerasfromanewwatermillisthat（

）.

6.Theauthorofthepassagemostprobablybaseshiscentralargumentonwhichofthefollowingtheoreticalassumptionsoftenmadebyeconomists?

7.TheauthorsuggeststhatcommercialexpansioninmedievalFrance“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”(lines59-60)primarilyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

8.Thepassageimpliesthatwhichofthefollowingyieldedthelowestdividendtomedievalmenandwomenrelativetoitscost?

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthecentralideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.patronizethearts

B.sponsorpublicrecreation

C.wagewar

D.buildcathedrals

E.fundpubliceducation

问题2选项

A.Cheese

B.Wine

C.Wool

D.Oliveoil

E.Veal

问题3选项

A.IIIonly

B.IandIIonly

C.IandIIIonly

D.IIandIIIonly

E.I,II,andIII

问题4选项

A.thenumberofindividuallandholdingsinheavilyagriculturalareaswasbeginningtoincrease

B.anincreaseinthevolumeofinternationaltradehadbroughtanincreaseinthepopulationofcities

C.adecreaseinwarfarehadallowedthekingtodecreasethesizeofthearmy

D.foodproducerscouldgrowmorefoodthantheyandtheirfamiliesneededtosurvive

E.landlordswereprosperingandthusweredemandingasmallerpercentageoftenants’annualyields

问题5选项

A.belltowersyieldanintangibledividend

B.belltowersprovidematerialsatisfaction

C.watermillscostmoretobuildthanbelltowers

D.watermillsdivertfundsfromcommerce

E.watermillsmightwellbedestroyedbywar

问题6选项

A.Differentpeopleshouldbetaxedinproportiontothebenefittheycanexpecttoreceivefrompublicactivity.

B.Perfectcompetitionexistsonlyinthecasewherenofarmer,merchant,orlaborercontrolsalargeenoughshareofthetotalmarkettoinfluencemarketprice.

C.Apopulationwealthyenoughtocutbackitsrateofconsumptioncanfunneltheresultingsavingsintothecreationofcapital.

D.Afull-employmenteconomymustalways,toproduceonegood,giveupproducinganothergood.

E.Thereisauniversaltendencyforpopulation,unlesscheckedbyfoodsupply,toincreaseinageometricprogression.

问题7选项

A.Cathedralscostmoretobuildandrebuildthandidcastles.

B.Thenumerouswarsfoughtduringtheperiodlefttheroyaltreasurybankrupt.

C.LouisVIIleviedamorecrushingtaxburdenonhissubjectsthandidHenryII.

D.Althoughmuchoftheavailablesurplushadbeendivertedintovineyardexpansion,thevineyardshadnotyetbeguntoproduce.

E.Althoughmorefoodwasbeingproduced,thesubsistencelevelwasnotveryfarabovetheminimumrequiredtosustainlife.

问题8选项

A.Warfare

B.Vineyardexpansion

C.Watermillconstruction

D.Castlebuilding

E.Cathedralbuilding

问题9选项

A.CommercialgrowthinmedievalFrancemaybeaccuratelycomputedbycalculatingthenumberofcastlesandcathedralsbuiltduringtheperiod.

B.CompetitionbetweentheChurchandthefeudalaristocracyforfundscreatedbyagriculturalsurplusdemonstrablyslowedtheeconomicgrowthofmedievalFrance.

C.Despitesuchburdensaswarandcapitalexpansionbylandholders,commerceinmedievalFranceexpandedsteadilyastheagriculturalsurplusincreased.

D.FundsactuallyavailableforcommerceinmedievalFrancevariedwiththedemandsplacedontheagriculturalsurplus.

E.ThesimultaneousprogressofvineyardexpansionandbuildinginmedievalFrancegivesevidenceofarapidlyexpandingeconomy.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:E

第8题:A

第9题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“inexcessoftheamount”“subsistence”,将信息点定位到原文第二段第二句。“Muchofthesurplus,intheformoffoodincreases,probablywenttoraisethesubsistencelevel;anadditionalamount,intheformofcurrencygainedfromthesaleoffood,wentintotheroyaltreasurytobeusedinwagingwar.（以粮食增长形式出现的大部分盈余，很可能用于提高生活水平；又有因卖粮所得的银钱，用以打仗。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.

细节推断题。定位原文第三段。根据“vineyardexpansioninBordeauxillustratestheveryrealcompetitionforavailablecapitalbetweentheChurchandcommercialinterests（波尔多葡萄园的扩张表明，教会和商业利益之间对可用资本的争夺非常激烈）”即可得出本题答案。

3.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“commercialinvestment”“medievalFrance”，将信息点定位到原文第三段。根据“theformerproducedinestimablemoralandartisticriches”“thoughallwarsbydefinitionaredefensive,thefrequentcrossingsofarmiesthatlivedoffthelandandimpartiallyburnedallthehutsandbarnsontheirpathconsumedconsiderableresources.”从而得出本题答案。

4.事实推断题。根据题干关键词“entergovernmentandtheChurch”,将信息点定位到原文第一段最后一句。“Aslongasthosewhoworkedthelandwerebarelyabletoensuretheirownsubsistenceandthatoftheirlandlords,allotheractivitieshadtobeminimal,butwhenfoodsurplusesincreased,itbecamepossibletoreleasemorepeopleforgovernmental,commercial,religiousandculturalpursuits.（只要那些耕种土地的人勉强能够保证他们自己和他们的地主的生存，所有其他活动都必须尽量减少，但是，当粮食盈余增加时，就有可能释放更多的人从事政府、商业、宗教和文化活动。）”即可得出本题答案。

5.

事实细节题。根据题干关键词“newbelltower”“newwatermill”,将信息点定位到原文第四段第五句。根据第四段第三句，“Nodoubtcastleandcathedralbuildingwasnottotallybarrenofprofit(forthebuilders,thatis),anditproducedintangibledividendsofmaterialandmoralsatisfactionforthecommunity.（毫无疑问，城堡和大教堂的建设并不是完全没有利润（也就是说，对建筑者来说），它为社会带来了无形的物质和道德满足的红利。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.

细节推理题。通读全文，可知作者的核心观点与选项C的表述最为吻合。从而得出本题答案。

7.

细节事实题。根据题干关键词“requiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice”,将信息点定位到原文最后一段最后一句，“Grantedthatwarcostmuchlessthanitdoestoday,thattheChurchrenderedallsortsofeducationalandrecreationalservicesthatwereunobtainableelsewhere,andthatgovernmentwasfarlessdemandingthanisthemodernstate—nevertheless,formedievalmenandwomen,supportingcommercialdevelopmentrequiredconsiderableeconomicsacrifice.”即可得出本题答案。

8.

细节推断题。通读全文，能发现战争（战事）对中世纪人们的影响最大。从而得出本题答案。

9.

主旨大意题。通读全文，发现本文多次提及的关键词为“agriculturalsurplus”“Fundsavailableforcommerce”“medievalFrance”，从而得出本题的答案。

5.不定项选择题

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

问题2选项

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

问题3选项

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

问题4选项

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

问题5选项

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

问题6选项

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.（……虽然我们的脑细胞会在晚年萎缩，但是并不会出现大量死亡的现象）从这句可知脑细胞不会很快速地死亡，也不是不会死亡只是小范围地死亡，所以A选项“我们的脑细胞会很快的死亡”和B选项“我们的脑细胞完全不会死亡”错误；D选项“我们的脑细胞带走珍贵的会议”不符合逻辑，因为是脑细胞的死亡才会造成记忆缺失并不是脑细胞带走我们的记忆。萎缩的细胞会要比普通细胞小。所以答案是C选项“我们的脑细胞可能会变小”。

第2题:事实细节题。从题干定位到第二段倒数第二三句话Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（大脑的“软件”——一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话，那就是它（脑细胞）变得更加复杂了）从这句话可知储存着大脑信息的“软件”不会退化，所以“软件”里面的信息也不会轻易丢失，A选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易忘记”；B选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候也不会改变”C选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易磨损”错误；D选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候会变得复杂”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段前面三句话it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（主要是大脑的“硬件”——数十亿充当处理设备的像电话线一样的连接和继电器开关（的细胞）——很容易随着年龄的增长而磨损。大脑的“软件”——在一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话，那就是它（脑细胞）变得更加复杂了。）随着年龄的增长脑细胞里储藏的信息变得复杂了，但是处理信息的细胞却随着年龄的增长老化，这一现象就很像一台旧电脑运行着最新的软件，所以A选项“当人们变老之后，我们大脑的工作会如同一台旧电脑般运行得缓慢”正确。B选项“人类像电脑一样聪明”，这个说法不符合我们生活逻辑；C选项“我们大脑结构非常复杂”和D选项“大量信息可以储存在我们脑海中”文章没有提及。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.（鲍威尔和其他生物学家说，当脑力达到顶峰时，记忆力并不是最先消失的。（最先消失的）通常是大脑理解空间关系的能力——看地图或在商场里找到你的车——在你40多岁的时候，这可能开始变得困难。）从beginto（开始）这个关键词可知40岁的时候，我们的大脑开始走下坡路了，所以40岁时，我们大脑就处于巅峰状态，因而答案选B。

第5题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句话Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.（十年后，进行类比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。）分析两件事的异同需要我们的抽象逻辑能力，所以B选项“我们解释某两件事的相似之处开始变得困难”正确，定位到最后一段第一句话Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.（然而，即使是“普通的”失忆也不应该被视为正常。它是可以治疗的。）失忆不是正常现象而且是可以治愈的，而A选项“我们开始忘记把东西放哪了”，C选项“我们开始忘记别人告诉我们的信息”，D选项“我们开始忘记怎么操作机械了”，这些都是关于失忆的现象的，所以A，C，D不选。

第6题:主旨大意题。文章全文都是在客观地描述我们脑细胞随着年龄的增长会出现什么情况，没有告诉我们应该去什么措施，所以A选项“怎么在老年的时候保持记忆”，以及D选项“怎样保持机警”不选。B选项“当我们老了，记忆排在第一位”虽然文中有提及，但是不是主题，而且这句话和文章内容相对的，所以排除。文章内容是根据记忆来展开的，第一段以人们的错觉开头，然后介绍了生物学家相关的实验验证脑细胞和记忆的关系，然后描述随着年龄的增长，记忆出现什么样的情况，所以答案选C选项“探寻我们记忆之谜”。

6.单选题

Thepostofficeisnot（

）fordamagetoaparcelsentbymailunlessitisinsured.

问题1选项

A.qualified

B.liable

C.guilty

D.jealous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。qualified“合格的，有资格的”；liable“有责任的，有义务的”；guilty“有罪的，内疚的”；jealous“妒忌的，猜疑的”。beliablefor“有……责任，有……义务”。由unless…可知邮局对没投保的包裹的损坏不承担责任。故B项正确。句意：邮