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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南旅游职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Luckily,therewerenosecondaryinfectionsandbothofthepatients().

问题1选项

A.lived

B.revived

C.survived

D.existed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:幸运的是没有继发感染且这两位病人活下来了。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Live住,居住,生存;revive(使)苏醒,复活,重新使用;survive生存,存活,继续存在,幸存;exist存在,实际上有,生活。故C符合句意。

2.单选题

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble______constructedstonewalls.

问题1选项

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”;B选项elaborately“精巧地;苦心经营地”;C选项spontaneously“自发地;自然地;不由自主地”;D选项concurrently“同时地;兼营;兼任地;并发地”。句意:鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的,在高倍显微镜下,它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Let'sputanendtothisunnecessaryand(

)destructionofourenvironment.

问题1选项

A.wanton

B.illiterate

C.decisive

D.competitive

【答案】A

【解析】wanton荒唐的,无节制的;illiterate文盲的,不识字的;decisive决定性的,果断的;competitive竞争的,比赛的。句意:让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Therelativeswhoreceivedlittleornothingsoughttoinvalidatethewillbyclaimingthatthedeceasedhadnotbeeninhisrightmindwhenhehadsignedthedocument.

问题1选项

A.destroy

B.inveigh

C.mandate

D.strengthen

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。题干invalidate“使无效,使作废”。A项“摧毁,破坏”,B项“抨击,痛骂”,C项“授权”,D项“加强,增强”。因此选A。句意:几乎没有或什么也没有得到的亲戚声称,死者在签署文件时精神不正常,遗嘱无效。

5.单选题

Thoughthisbookwaswrittenmorethan50yearsago,ithasarelativelycontemporaryappeal,andits()plottingwillamusemysterylovers.

问题1选项

A.intricate

B.disparate

C.compassionate

D.passionate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。intricate错综复杂的;disparate不同的,迥异的,不相干的;compassionate慈悲的,富有同情心的;passionate热情的,充满激情的。句意:虽然这本书是50多年前写的,但它具有相对现代的吸引力,其错综复杂的情节会让神秘爱好者感到有趣。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

问题1选项

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意为“可选择的,随意的”。notcompulsory非强制的,选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。

7.单选题

To()aroomistokeepitsuppliedwithfreshair.

问题1选项

A.blaze

B.ventilate

C.boast

D.violate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项blaze“燃烧;怒视”;B选项ventilate“(使)通风”;C选项boast“吹嘘;以有……而自豪”;D选项violate“违反;侵犯”。句意:……就是使它充满新鲜空气。后文的freshair“新鲜空气”,想在室内呼吸到新鲜空气就需要给房间通风。因此B选项符合题意。

8.翻译题

吸引大量观众的体育运动,为人们观赏青春的活力、速度和力量提供了一个窗口。它所展示的技能水平强烈地吸引着人们。男性之所以比女性更直接地认同这种运动,是因为他们的童年经历和比赛所展示的阳刚之气。

到20世纪70年代初,体育爱好者们对比赛不断增长的兴趣在电视联播中得到了进一步加强,并把职业运动转变成了利润丰厚的商业活动。结果,一些全新的俱乐部联合会雨后春笋般地涌现出来,与现有的体育组织展开竞争,并以诱人的工资来吸引运动员加盟。随着体育变得更像传统的商业活动,越来越多的运动员寻找他们的经纪人,代表他们参加工资谈判。现在,职业体育运动已经进入一个新时代。

Directions:InthispartyouarerequiredtoturnthefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.PleasewriteitontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】【参考译文】

Sportsthatattractlargeaudiencesprovideawindowonthevigor,speedandpowerofyouth.Peoplearestronglyattractedtotheskilllevelsitshows.Menidentifywiththesportmoredirectlythanwomenbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperiencesandthemasculinityofthegame.

Bytheearly1970s,fans’growinginterestinthegamewasreinforcedbytelevisionnetworksandturnedprofessionalsportsintoalucrativebusiness.Asaresult,entirelynewclubfederationssprunguptocompetewithestablishedsportsorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecomemorelikeatraditionalbusiness,moreandmoreathletesseekouttheiragentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Now,professionalsportshaveenteredanewera.

9.单选题

After(

)seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.

问题1选项

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在看似漫长的等待之后,轮到他给观众做演讲了。

语法题。考查宾语从句。根据句意可知此处after作介词,after后面的宾语从句中缺少主语,故使用连接词what引导宾语从句。

10.单选题

Whydocsavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept()?

问题1选项

A.ingredients

B.elements

C.components

D.compounds

【答案】A

【解析】句意:为什么素食餐馆使其食物除了成分外,其他都像肉类呢?

考查名词辨析。ingredient(食物等的)成分;element因素;component(机器等的)元件、部件;compound(化学等的)合成物。因此A符合句意。

11.单选题

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto()onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

问题1选项

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用,欺骗;centeron集中,以……为中心;overtook赶上,代替,不与on搭配;concentrateon专注于……。句意:霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求,选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Theacousticsinthismeetingroomarenotverygood,soifyouwishtobeheardclearly,youmustremembertospeakout.

问题1选项

A.are

B.so

C.wishtobeheard

D.speakout

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。Speakout改为speakup。D处句意应为“大声说”,而speakout表示“公开说出”。

13.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints---periodscountries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone'sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalogchildhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytiC.Theoldquestions"Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”,ProminentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestionWhy"ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistoiydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.ButthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintenD."Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.ThiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstooditPsychohistoryderivesitsfacts"notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistoiy,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto.andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetohistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirthesesPsychohistories,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe"deepest"explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthepropermodeofstudyingandwritingaboutthepast);italsoviolatesthepastitself.Itdeniestothepastanintegrityandwillofitsown,inwhichpeopleactedoutofavarietyofmotivesandinwhicheventshadamultiplicityofcausesandeffects.Itimposesuponthepastthesamedeterminesinthatitimposesuponthepresent,thusrobbingpeopleandeventsoftheirindividualityandoftheircomplexity.Insteadofrespectingtheparticularityofthepast,itassimilatesallevents,pastandpresent,intoasingledeterministicschemathatispresumedtobetrueatalltimesandcircumstances.

1.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainpointofthepassage?

2.Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Theauthormentionswhichofthefollowingasacharacteristicofthepracticeofpsychohistorians?

4.Theauthorofthepassageputstheword"deepest"(ParA.3)inquotationmarksmostprobablyinorderto().

5.Inpresentingheranalysis,theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT().

问题1选项

A.Theapproachofpsychohistorianstohistoricalstudyiscurrentlyinvogueeventhoughittackstherigorandverifiabilityoftraditionalhistoricalmethod

B.Traditionalhistorianscanbenefitfromstudyingthetechniquesandfindingsofpsychohistorians

C.Areasofsociologicalstudysuchaschildhoodandworkareoflittleinteresttotraditionalhistorians.

D.Thepsychologicalassessmentofanindividual'sbehaviorandattitudesismorenormativethanthedetailsofhisorherdailylife

问题2选项

A.Whataresomespecificexamplesoftheuseofpsychohistoryinhistoricalinterpretation?

B.Whenweretheconventionsgoverningthepracticeoftraditionalhistoiyfirstestablished?

C.Whendotraditionalhistoriansconsiderpsychologicalexplanationsofhistoricalexplanationsofhistoricaldevelopmentsappropriate?

D.Whatisthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidencerequiredbytraditionalhistorians?

问题3选项

A.Thelivesofhistoricalfiguresarepresentedinepisodicratherthinnarrativeform

B.Archivesusedbypsychohistorianstogathermaterialarenotaccessibletootherscholars

C.Pastandcurrenteventsareallplacedwithinthesamedeterministicdiagram.

D.Eventsintheadultlifeofahistoricalfigureareseentobemoreconsequentialthanarethoseinthechildhoodofthefigure

问题4选项

A.signalherreservationsabouttheaccuracyofpsychohistoriars'claimsfortheirwork

B.drawattentiontoacontradictioninthepsychohistoriansmethod

C.emphasizethemajordifferencebetweenthetraditionalhistorians'methodandthatofhistorians

D.disassociateheropinionofthepsychohistorians'claimsfromheropinionoftheirmethod

问题5选项

A.Makegeneralstatementswithoutreferencetospecificexamples

B.Describesomeofthecriteriaemployedbytraditionalhistorians

C.Questiontheadequacyofthepsycholistorians'interpretationofevents

D.Pointoutinconsistenciesinthepsychohistorians’applicationoftheirmethods

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可见,本题的正确选项应该是包含“psychohistory”和“history”概念的选项,A项翻译为:“心理学史家对历史研究的态度,尽管它突破了传统史学方法的严密性和可验证性,但目前仍在流行”。综合考虑,该选项符合题意,正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”,中文翻译为:“它(即心理、历史学)否定历史证据的基本标准,即历史证据是大家都可以获取的,因此可被所有的历史学家评价”可推断出D项“传统历史学家需要的历史证据的标准是什么”正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干中关键短语“psychohistorians”可以定位到答案信息在原文第三、四段。但是三、四段没有给出本题答案的具体信息。综合考虑,一般人们阐述问题的规律为:理论到实践。故最佳答案为C项“过去和现在的事件都放在同一个确定性状态图中”。

4.推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文第三段“Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessablebyallhistorians.”,中文翻译为:它(即心理历史学)否定历史证据的基本标准,即历史证据是大家都可以获取的,因此可被所有的历史学家评价。以及原文“Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories.”,中文翻译为:“心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确。”结合语境可以得出A项正确。

5.推理判断题。选项A可定位到文章第三段第六、七、八句,选项B可定位到文章第一段第一、二句,选项C可以定位到第三段的尾句。因此选择D项。

14.单选题

Sheactuallypreferredamoregregariousurbanlifestyleandtheculturalattractionsinawarmerclime.

问题1选项

A.tranquil

B.sociable

C.inactive

D.undisturbed

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:实际上她很喜欢交际较多的城市生活和气候宜人的文化胜地。

tranquil:安静的。sociable:好交际的。inactive:不活动的。undisturbed:安宁的,未受干扰的。gregarious:社交的,群居的。故B项与题意一致。

15.单选题

Becauseofitsfavorableclimate,itseasyaccesstotheprincipalsilkandteaproducingarea,andits()tothemaininteriortraderoutes,ShanghaiattractedmoreforeignattentionthananyotherportinChina.

问题1选项

A.distance

B.intheneighborhood

C.proximity

D.intheneighborhoodof

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义短语搭配辨析。A选项distance“距离”;B选项intheneighborhood“在附近”;C选项proximity“接近”;D选项intheneighborhoodof“在……附近”。proximityto邻近某段,为固定搭配。句意:宜人的气候,进入丝绸茶叶的主产地的便利以及……国内主要的商业圈,让上海比中国其他地区更能引起外国的注意。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

He(

)hishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.

问题1选项

A.scrapped

B.screwed

C.scraped

D.scratched

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。scrap意为“废弃,报废”;screw意为“旋紧,拧紧”;scrape意为“刮,擦”;scratch意为“挠,搔,抓”。

句意:他挠他的头,不知如何解决这个问题。

17.单选题

Oneofindustrialagriculture’sbiggestGMOcropsmayhavejustbackfired(产生事与愿违的后果).Scientistshaveconfirmedthatcorn-destroyingrootwormshaveevolvedtoberesistanttotheBtcornengineeredtokillthem.

BtstandsforBacillusthuringiensis(苏云金芽孢杆菌),thenameofthegeneticallymodifiedcorn’s“donor”organism.Bacillusthuringiensisisanaturallyoccurringsoilbacteriumthatproducesproteincrystalsthatbindtocertainreceptorsintherootworm’sintestine(肠),killingit.Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides.Btcornaccountedforthree-quartersofallcornplantingin2013.Thatmayhavetochange.

AfterfindingacornfieldinIowain2011thatwasdecimated(大幅度下降)byrootwormdespitebeingplantedwiththeBtcorn,IowaStateUniversityentomologistAaronGassmannandhisteambegantostudythepests’interactionswiththegeneticallymodifiedorganism(orGMO)corninalab.Theirstudy,publishedMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,describesthewesterncornrootworm’srapidevolutionafterfeedingontheengineeredcrop.

ButBtcornisstillcapableofwardingoffotherpests,sofarmerswilllikelykeepplantingit.Exceptnowthey’llneedtousepesticidestoprotecttheircropfromrootworms.AsentomologistswarnedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyin2012,rootwormresistancemeansthattheenvironmentaladvantageofBtcorn—thatitcouldberaisedpesticide-free—maydisappear.

“Unlessmanagementpracticeschange,it’sonlygoingtogetworse,”GassmanntoldWired.“Thereneedstobeafundamentalchangeinhowthetechnologyisused.”

Scientistshavepredictedforyearsthatthiscouldhappen,butwarningswererepeatedlyignoredbyregulatorsandfarmers.IttakesmillionsofdollarstodevelopseedslikeBt,soengineeringanalternativeisnotanattractiveoption.Instead,theauthorsofanotherstudyonrootwormBtresistance,whichfocusesonNebraska,takeabiodiversityapproach.

“Croprotationisthebesttool,”UniversityofNebraska-LincolnentomologistLanceMeinketoldFarm&RanchGuide.“Generally,oneyearofsoybeansinafieldwithresistantwesterncornrootwormswipesoutthatpopulation.Thebeetleswilllayeggsthathatch,butwhenlarvae(幼虫)trytofeedonsoybeanplants,theydon’tfindthenutrientstheyneedandtheydie.”

Croprotationcansuppressrootwormpopulationsovertime,reducingthethreatposedbytheirnewBtresistance.

ButasentomologistElsonShieldsofCornellUniversitytoldWired,rootwormisjustonesymptomofanengineeredseedtrait“willfallunderthesamepressure,”saidShields,“andtheinsectwillwin.”

1.WhatcanweknowaboutBacillusthuringiensis?

2.WhatinspiredAaronGassmanntostarthisstudy?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.LanceMeinkethinksthebestapproachtotheproblemofrootwormBtresistanceis_____.

5.WhatistheproblemwiththeGMOseedindustry,accordingtoElsonShields?

问题1选项

A.Itisageneticallymodifiedorganism.

B.Itisanalternativetosprayinginsecticides.

C.Itisanaturalbacteriumthatkillsrootworm.

D.Itprotectsrootwormfrombeingkilledbybacterium.

问题2选项

A.ThegreatreductionofoutputofacornfieldinIowa.

B.Theaimofboostingcornyieldby75%by2011.

C.Thesignificanceofcornrootworm’srapidevolution.

D.AaronGassmann’sfindingofalargenumberofrootworm.

问题3选项

A.PeoplehavenotexpectedrootwormBtresistancebefore.

B.Btresistancehasafundamentalchangeinmoderntechnology.

C.ItiseconomicallyimpracticaltoentirelyabandonBtcorn.

D.FarmersprefertousepesticidesratherthanplantBtcorn.

问题4选项

A.plantingsoybeans

B.raisingbeetles

C.addingfertilizer

D.rotatingcrop

问题5选项

A.Mostoftheentomologistsfailedtopredictitsfuturedestiny.

B.TheGMOseedindustrylackslong-termconsiderations.

C.Peoplemistakenlyconsiderrootwormasthebiggesttrouble.

D.ItisverydifficultfortheGMOseedindustrytowininsects.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第二段第三句Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides(多年来,农民们一直种植Bt玉米作为喷洒杀虫剂的替代品),第二步,综合理解,这里是B选项的同意替换,B选项“是一种替代喷洒杀虫剂的方法”正确。

A选项“是一种转基因生物”,定位到第二段第二句Bacillusthuringiensisisanaturallyoccurringsoilbacteriumthatproducesproteincrystalsthatbindtocertainreceptorsintherootworm’sintestine,killingit(苏云金杆菌是一种天然存在的土壤细菌,它能产生蛋白质晶体,与根虫肠道中的某些受体结合,杀死根虫),由此可知苏云金杆菌不是转基因物体而是一种能够和害虫肠道里面的受体结合产生蛋白质结晶从而达到杀死害虫的天然细菌,是细菌的一种,这里属于反向干扰;

C选项“是一种杀死根虫的天然细菌”,见A选项解析,是苏云金杆菌与害虫肠道的受体产生的蛋白质使虫子死亡,不是苏云金杆菌直接杀死虫子,这里属于曲意理解;

D选项“它保护根虫不被细菌杀死”,见A选项,是侵害不是保护,这里属于反向干扰。

2.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第三段第一句AfterfindingacornfieldinIowain2011thatwasdecimatedbyrootwormdespitebeingplantedwiththeBtcorn…(2011年在爱荷华州发现一片玉米田,尽管种植了Bt玉米,但却被根虫摧毁……)。第二步,综合理解,从这句可以知道是亚伦因为发现爱荷华州的玉米产量即使在种了转基因玉米的情况下也出现了大幅度减产的情况才想要去调查的,由此可知A选项“爱荷华州玉米田产量的大幅减少”正确。

B选项“到2011年提高玉米产量75%的目标”,见正确选项分析,2011年的情况是减产了所以才会开展这项调查,这里属于反向干扰;

C选项“玉米根虫快速进化的意义”,定位到第三段最后一句话Theirstudy…describesthewesterncornrootworm’srapidevolutionafterfeedingontheengineeredcrop.(他们的研究……描述了西方玉米根虫在食用转基因作物后的快速进化。),由此可知C选项是调查结果不是调查原因,这里属于偷换概念;

D选项“AaronGassmann发现大量根虫”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

3.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第六段第一二句…butwarningswererepeatedlyignoredbyregulatorsandfarmers.IttakesmillionsofdollarstodevelopseedslikeBt,soengineeringanalternativeisnotanattractiveoption(……但监管机构和农民一再忽视警告。开发像Bt这样的种子需要数百万美元,所以通过工程来替代并不是一个有吸引力的选择),从这里可知,因为转基因种子花了很多财力研发,种子公司不会那么轻易放弃,所以在经济方面转基因玉米不会那么轻易放弃,所以C选项“完全放弃Bt玉米在经济上是不切实际的”正确。

A选项“人们以前没有预料到根虫抗Bt”,定位到第二段第三句Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides(多年来,农民们一直种植Bt玉米作为喷洒杀虫剂的替代品),从这里可知人们一开始就是为了治虫才种转基因玉米的,所以A选项错误,属于反向干扰;

B选项“Bt抗性在现代技术中有根本性的变化”,定位到第五段第二句Thereneedstobeafundamentalchangeinhowthetechnologyisused(在如何使用这项技术方面需要有根本性的改变),这里是根据句子的时态可知是将来时,这表明说话人的主观愿望而B选项用的是一般现在时表现在的一种动作,所以不能选,这里属于反向干扰;

D选项“农民更喜欢使用杀虫剂而不是种植Bt玉米”定位到第三段第三句ButBtcornisstillcapableofwardingoffotherpests,sofarmerswilllikelykeepplantingit(但Bt玉米仍有抵挡其他害虫的能力,所以农民可能会继续种植它),从这里可知农民还是更愿意种转基因玉米,所以D选项属于反向干扰。

4.事实细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到倒数第三段第一句Croprotationisthebesttool(轮作是最好的工具),从这里可知答案选D“轮耕”;

A选项“种黄豆”,定位到倒数第三段第二句Generally,oneyearofsoybeansinafieldwithresistantwesterncornrootwormswipesoutthatpopulation(一般来说,在具有抗性的西部玉米根虫的土地上种植一年的大豆就可以消灭这一种群),种植黄豆只是轮耕的具体方法之一,这里只是举个例子,不能概括整体,这里属于以偏概全;

B选项“养甲虫”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有,所以不选;

C选项“加肥料”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有,所以不选。

5.判断推理题,第一步,寻找句内线索,定位到最后一段第一句话,ButasentomologistElsonShieldsofCornellUniversitytoldWired,rootwormisjustonesymptomofanengineeredseedtrait“willfallunderthesamepressure,”saidShields,“andtheinsectwillwin”.(但正如康奈尔大学的昆虫学家ElsonShields告诉《连线》杂志的,根虫只是一种转基因种子性状之一,“在同样的压力下,”Shields说,“昆虫将获胜。),从这里可知ElsonShields对转基因产业是持否定态度,觉得昆虫最终会战胜转基因植物,从这里的only可以看出来Shields认为根虫只是其中一个症状,其实问题还不仅仅只在根虫,所以可以推断答案选C选项“人们错误地认为根虫是最大的麻烦”。

A选项“大多数昆虫学家都没有预测到它(转基因种子产业)的未来命运”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“转基因种子行业缺乏长期考虑”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有,所以不选;

D选项“转基因种子产业很难赢得昆虫”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有,所以不选。

18.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…,应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”,故需要改为applyfor。

19.单选题

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat().

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

问题1选项

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

问题2选项

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

问题3选项

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

问题4选项

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

问题5选项

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据文章第二段,“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”,可知他联系了西班牙卡斯提尔国王和王后费迪南德和伊莎贝拉。女王任命的一个委员会对哥伦布的计划进行了审查,得出的结论是他的想法是徒劳和不切实际的。但是他们会一直对这个问题进行讨论。可判断出国王和王后对于哥伦布的行动持关心的态度。选项A符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据文章第三段,“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”,可知王后改变了主意,派人去找他。1492年4月,国王和王后同意按哥伦布的条件并对他实施资助。可判断出对哥伦布实施资助的人是卡斯提尔的国王和王后。选项D符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第二段段,“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”,可知他需要赞助人资助这样一次探险,下文就提到了他寻找资助人的坚信过程,可判断出哥伦布想分享他的发现,选项A可排除。根据文章第三段,“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”,可知他要求立即授予他海军上将的军衔,并任命他为他所发现的一切事物的总督。可判断出哥伦布坚决要求他担任远航舰队的总督,选项B可排除。根据文章第三段,“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的条件遭到拒绝,谈判再次中断。哥伦布动身去了法国。然而,王后改变了主意,派人去找他。可判断出国王和王后一开始不同意哥伦布的条件,后面才改变了主意。选项C可排除。综上,选项D符合题意。

4.作者意图题。根据文章最后一段,“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”,可知哥伦布之所以成功,是因为他有耐力。可判断出作者以哥伦布为例子想要说明的是领导者需要持久的耐力。选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。Sight“视力,景象”;television“电视机”;futureplan“未来的计划”;imagination“想象力”。根据原文,“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.”,可知似乎世界上许多名人在实现他们的理想时都面临着一些最大的困难和挫折。可判断出vision的意思是理想,未来的计划。选项C符合题意。

20.单选题

)asleep,theinjuredwasreallyawakeandlistening.

问题1选项

A.Althoughpretendingtobe

B.Being

C.Tobe

D.While

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格处所在句子后半句句意:这个伤员清醒并且在认真听着。可知空格处应该是表示假装睡着,选项A符合题意。

21.单选题

Duringpregnancy,thebloodcarriesessential____andoxygentothedevelopingbabyandcarriesawaywaste.

问题1选项

A.nutrients

B.nuisance

C.initiatives

D.ration

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项nutrients“营养物;养分”;B选项nuisance“损害;麻烦事”;C选项initiatives“倡议”;D选项ration“配给量,定量”。句意:在怀孕期间,血液携带必要的____和氧气给发育中的婴儿,并带走废物。空格词与氧气并列,都是婴儿需要地东西,A选项nutrients“营养物;养分”最符合句意。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

22.单选题

Theannouncementofthedeathoftheirleadercausedthereafterafeelingofgreatdespairto(

)theirlives.

问题1选项

A.overflow

B.scatter

C.permeate

D.manipulate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。overflow“使溢出”;scatter“散播;散开”;permeate“弥漫;充满”;manipulate“操级;操作”。句意:领导去世的消息使得绝望的心情弥漫在他们生活中。选项C符合题意。

23.单选题

Unfortunatelymostofthesciencefictionfilmsofthe1970swerenotmuchinfluencedby2001:ASpaceOdyssey.SkillfullydirectedbyStanleyKubrick,2001,whichappearedin1968,setnewstandardsforsciencefictionfilms.Duringthenextdecade,everyoneofthedozensofsciencefictionmoviesreleasedwascomparesto2001,andallbutafewwerefoundsadlytacking.

Admittedly,Kubrickhadoneofthelargestbudgetseverforafilmofthiskind,but,inmyopinion,muchofthemovie’spowerandappealwasachievedthroughrelativelyinexpensivemeans.Forexample,themusicalscorewhichwasadaptedinlargepartfromwell-knownclassicalcompositions,wasreinforcedbytheuseofalmostkaleidoscopicvisualeffects,especiallyduringthespacetravelsequences.Spectacularcameraworkwaseditedtocorrespondpreciselytotheebbandflowofthemusic.

After2001,thedominantthemeofsciencefictionfilmsshiftedfromtheadventuresofspacetraveltotheproblemscreatedonearthbyman’smismanagementofthenaturalenvironmentandtheabuseoftechnologybyatotalitarianstate.Overpopulationandtheaccompanyingshortagesoffoodpromptthestatetoimposeextraordinarycontrolsonitscitizens.Nofewerthantwenty-ninefilmsweremadearoundthisthemeintheyearsbetween1970and1977,includingSurvivorsandChronicles.

Intheopinionofthisreviewer,untilStarWarswasreleasedin1977,sciencefictionfilmwerereducedtoshallowsymbolismdisguisingtoagreaterorlesserdegreeaseriesofrepetitiveplots.ButStarWarswasdifferent.Itofferedusareturntoimaginativevoyagesinspaceandconfrontationwithintelligentlifeonotherplanets.Unliketheothersciencefictionfilmsofthedecade,StarWarspresentedtechnologyashavingsolvedratherthanaggravatedecologicalproblems.Thespecialeffectscreatedtosimulatespacevehicleshurtlingthroughtheblacknessoftheuniversewerereminiscentoftheartisticstandardssetby2001.

1.Intheauthor’sopinion,mostofsciencefictionfilmsreleasedinthe1970swere(

).

2.Thethemeofthemajorityofs

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