考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国石油大学（华东）考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Iadmirehercourage,compassionand（

）tothecauseofhumanity,justiceandpeace.

问题1选项

A.devotion

B.determination

C.opposition

D.realism

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。devotion奉献，忠诚，热爱；determination决心，果断；opposition反对；realism现实主义。句意：我钦佩她为了人道，正义与和平所表现出来的勇气、同情心和奉献精神。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Anorganizationisonlyasgoodasthepeopleitemploys.Selectingtherightpersonforthejobinvolvesmorethanidentifyingtheessentialordesirablerangeofskills,educationalandprofessionalqualificationsnecessarytoperformthejobandthenrecruiting（招募）thecandidatewhoismostlikelytopossesstheseskillsoratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.Thisisapurelyperson/skillsmatchapproachtoselection.

Workinvariablytakesplaceinthepresenceand/orunderthedirectionofothers,inaparticularorganizationalsetting.Theindividualhastofitinwiththeworkenvironment,withotheremployees,withtheorganizationalclimate,styleofwork,organizationandcultureoftheorganization.Differentorganizationshavedifferentcultures.WorkingasanengineeratBritishAerospacewillnotnecessarilybeasimilarexperiencetoworkinginthesamecapacityatGECorPlessey.

Poorselectiondecisionsareexpensive.Forexample,thecostsoftrainingapolicemanareabout£20,000.Thecostsofemployinganunsuitabletechnicianonanoilrig（石油钻塔）orinanuclearplantcould,inanemergency,resultinmillionsofpoundsofdamageorlossoflife.Thedisharmonyofapoorperson-environmentfitislikelytoresultinlowjobsatisfaction,lackoforganizationalcommitmentandemployeestress,whichaffectorganizationaloutcomes,ductivity,highratesofstaffchangeandabsenteeism,andindividualoutcomesi.e.physical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being.

Howeverdespitetheimportanceoftherecruitmentdecisionandtherangeofsophisticatedandmoreobjectiveselectiontechniqueavailable,includingtheuseofpsychometrictests,assessmentcentersetc.,manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.Intheremainingtime,theinterviewerthenattendsexclusivelytoinformationthatreinforcestheinitial"accept"or"reject"decision.Researchintothevalidityofselectionmethodshasconsistentlydemonstratedthattheunstructuredinterview,wheretheinterviewerasksanyquestionsheorshelikes,isapoorpredictoroffuturejobperformanceanddoeslittlebetterthanmorecontroversialmethodslikegraphology（笔迹学）andastrology（占星术）.

1.Therightpersonforanorganizationshouldnotonlypossessnecessaryskillsforthejobbutalso（）.

2.WrongselectiondecisionswillleadtothefollowingoutcomesEXCEPT（）.

3.（）arethebestmethodtoidentifysuitableemployees.

4.Inanunstructuredinterview,（）willgreatlydeterminetheinterviewer'sfinaldecision.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.havetheabilityandinclinationtoacquiretheseskills

B.owneducationalandprofessionalqualifications

C.fitinwiththeorganization'senvironment

D.possesssimilarworkexperience

问题2选项

A.highertrainingcostsperperson

B.greaterdamageorcasualties

C.highjobsatisfaction

D.poorphysical,psychologicalandmentalwell-being

问题3选项

A.Psychometrictestsandassessmentcenters

B.Graphologyandastrology

C.Unstructuredinterviews

D.Structuredinterviews

问题4选项

A.thecandidate'sjobsatisfactionandorganizationalcommitment

B.theimpressionthecandidatemakesinthefirstfewminutes

C.thequestionstheinterviewerhappenstoaskthecandidate

D.thecandidate'scapabilitytocopewithanemergency

问题5选项

A.importanceofemployeeselection

B.futuretrendsinemployeeselection

C.bestmethodsofemployeeselection

D.popularmythsinemployeeselection

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“...oratleastisperceivedtohavetheabilityandinclinationtoacquirethem.”或者至少被认为有能力和意愿获得它们。选项A符合原文。

2.细节推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，选项A，B，D在本段均有提及且正确，只有选项C不符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根最后一段第一句“...manyorganizationsarestillpreparedtomakethisdecisiononthebasisofasingle30to45minuteunstructuredinterview.”许多组织仍然准备在30到45分钟的无组织面试的基础上做出这个决定。选项C符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Indeed,researchhasdemonstratedthataselectiondecisionisoftenmadewithinthefirstfourminutesoftheinterview.”事实上，研究表明，选择通常是在面试的前四分钟内做出的。选项B符合原文。

5.全文主旨题。本文主要介绍了应该选拔什么样的人才,错误的选拔会产生的后果以及选拔人才的方法,都是为人才选拔的重要性这一主题服务的。所以选项A正确。

3.单选题

Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordeliveredbecauseitssubjectwasvery（

）.

问题1选项

A.intriguing

B.indefmite

C.obscure

D.dubious

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。intriguing“有趣的，迷人的”；indefinite“不确定的”；obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的”；dubious"可疑的；半信半疑的”。句意：很少有有人能够理解教授演讲的内容，因为主题非常晦涩。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theygood-natured,co-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.dewaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumber).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytocatit)wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemaleCapuchin.

Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,arcguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareacooperative,grouplivingspecie.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby（

）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraph1)impliesthat（

）.

3.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausethey

（

）.

4.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

（

）.

5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.posingacontrast

B.justifyinganassumption

C.makingacomparison

D.explainingaphenomenon

问题2选项

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

问题3选项

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

B.attentivetoresearcher’instructions

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

问题4选项

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

问题5选项

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到每个人都希望加薪，但是当知晓别人加的工资比自己要多时愉悦感消失殆尽（Yetpleasureyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone）。随后又提到这种心理在猴子中也存在（suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell）。可知在此处作者是将人类与猴子进行对比，因此选项C“做比较”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“第一段最后一句‘猴之常情’暗示着什么”。第一段提到当人发现那个比自己加薪多的人消极怠工时，会感到愤怒（Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged），这种行为被认为是“人之常情”（alltooman），在猴子的世界里也是如此，说明猴子看到不公平的事情时也会愤怒，这是天性。因此，选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到跟人类女性一样，它们比雄性更关注“品质与服务”的价值（Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales），这也是它们成为研究对象的原因。因此，选项A“更倾向于它们得到了什么”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第二句话提到稳定合作只有在它们觉得自己没被欺骗才会出现（Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated），所以选项C“当发现被欺骗这种合作会破裂”符合题意。

5.判断推理题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类各自演化而来还是来自3500万年前他们共同的祖先，这个问题暂时还没有答案（However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion），选项B符合题意。

5.填空题

“TheIAEAshouldpositivelyclarifyrelevantproblemsbycooperatingwithIraninafairand_______manner”and“IranshouldbeflexibleandsincerewhencooperatingwiththeIAEA,”Xinhuareported,citingHong.(person)

【答案】impersonal

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知fair和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和fair对应，impersonal意思为“非指个人的，客观的”，符合语境。

【句意】新华社援引洪磊的话说：“国际原子能机构应该以公平、客观的方式与伊朗合作，积极澄清有关问题。伊朗在与国际原子能机构合作时，应该灵活、真诚。”

6.单选题

What,canrigid,coldcalculatingmathematicspossiblyhaveincommonwithsubtle,creative,lofty,imaginativeart?Thisquestionfaithfullymirrorsthestateofmindofmostpeople,evenofmosteducatedpeople,whentheyregardthenumbersandsymbolsthatpopulatetheworldofmathematics.Butthegreatleadersofmathematicsthoughthavefrequentlyandrepeatedlyassertedthattheobjectoftheirpursuitisjustasmuchanartasitisascience,andperhapsevenfineart.MaximeBocher,eminentmathematicianlivingatthebeginningoflastcentury,wrote,“Iliketolookatmathematicsalmostmoreasanartthanasascience;fortheactivityofthemathematician,constantlycreatingasheis,guidedalthoughnotcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses,bearsaresemblance,notfanciful,Ibelieve,butreal,totheactivitiesoftheartist—ofapainter,letussay.Rigorousdeductivereasoningonthepartofthemathematicianmaybelikenedheretothetechnicalskillindrawingonthepartofthepainter.Justasonecannotbecomeapainterwithoutacertainamountofskill,sonoonecanbecomeamathematicianwithoutthepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint.

“Yetthesequalities,fundamentalthoughtheyare,donotmakeapainteroramathematicianworthyofthename,norindeedaretheythemostimportantfactorsinthecase.Otherqualitiesofafarmoresubtlesort,chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination,gointothemakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician.”

Ifmathematicswantstolayclaimtobeinganart,however,itmustshowthatitpossessesandmakesuseofatleastsomeoftheelementsthatgotomakeupthethingsofbeauty.Isnotimagination,creativeimagination,themostessentialelementofanart?Letustakeageometricobject,suchasthecircle.Totheordinaryman,thisistherimofawheel,perhapswithspokesinit.Elementarygeometryhascrowdedthissimplefigurewithradii(半径),chords,sectors,tangents(切线),diameters,inscribedandcircumscribedpolygons,andsoon.

Hereyouhavealreadyanentiregeometricalworldcreatedfromaveryrudimentarybeginning.Theseandothermiraclesareundeniableproofofthecreativepowerofthemathematician;and,asifthiswerenotenough,themathematicianallowsthewholecircleto“vanish”,declaresittobeimaginary,thenkeepsontoyingwithhisnewcreationinmuchthesamewayandwithmuchthesamegusto(爱好，兴趣)ashedidwiththeinnocentlittlethingyouallowedhimtostartoutwith.Andallthis,rememberplease,isjustelementaryplanegeometry.Truly,thecreativeimaginationdisplayedbythemathematicianhasnowherebeenexceeded,norevenparalleled,andIwouldmakeboldtosay,notevencloselyapproachedanywhereelse.

Inmanywaysmathematicsexhibitsthesameelementsofbeautythataregenerallyacknowledgedtobetheessenceofpoetry.First,letusconsideraminorpoint:thepoetarrangeshiswritingsonthepageinverse.Hispoemfirstappealstotheeyebeforeitreachestheearorthemind;andsimilarly,themathematicianlinesuphisformulasandequationssothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression.Somemathematiciansaregiventothisloveofarrangingandexhibitingtheirequationstoadegreethatbordersonafault.Trigonometry,abranchofelementarymathematicsparticularlyrichinformulas,offerssomecuriousgroupsofthem,curiousintheirsymmetryandtheirarrangement.

Thesuperiorityofpoetryoverotherformsofverbalexpressionliesfirstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry,andsecondlyinitsextremecondensationandeconomyofwords.Takeapoemofuniversallyacknowledgedmerit,sayShelley’spoem“ToNight”.Hereisthesecondstanza:Wrapthyforminamantlegray,star-inwrought!BlindwiththineheirtheeyesofDay;Kissheruntilshebeweariedout;Thenwanderourcity,andsea,andland;touchingallwiththineopiatewand—Come,long-sought!

Takenliterally,allthisis,ofcourse,sheernonsenseandnothingelse.Nighthasnohair,nightdoesnotwearanyclothes,andnightisnotanillicitpeddlerornarcotics.Butisthereanybodybalmyenoughtotakethewordsofthepoetliterally?Thewordshereareonlycomparisons,onlysymbols.Forthesakeofcondensationthepoetdoesn’tbotherstatingthathissymbolsmeansuchandsuch,butgoesontotreatthemasiftheywererealities.

Themathematiciandoesthesethingspreciselyasthepoetdoes.Takenumbers,forexample,theveryideaofwhichisanabstraction,orsymbol.Whenyouwritethefigure3,youhavecreatedasymbolforasymbol,andwhenyousayinalgebrathataisanumber,youhavecondensedallthesymbolsforallthenumbersintooneall-embracingsymbol.These,likeothermathematicalsymbols,andlikethepoets’symbols,areacondensed,concentratedwayofstatingalongandrathercomplicatedchainofsimplegeometrical,algebraic,ornumericalrelations.

1.Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.

2.Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?

3.Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?

4.Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.

5.Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.

问题1选项

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworld

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworld

C.botharenotfancifulbutreal

D.bothinvolveconstantcreating

问题2选项

A.Numericalskills.

B.Creation.

C.Imagination.

D.Senseofbeauty.

问题3选项

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.

问题4选项

A.unusualdiction

B.imaginativeexpression

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwords

D.condensationandimaginativediction

问题5选项

A.numberstosignifybeauty

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparison

C.poemsasakindofsymbols

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentration

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Thesimilaritybetweentheactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartistsis____.数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处是____。

A.botharecontrolledbytheexternalworldA.两者都受外部世界的控制

B.bothresemblethesensesoftheworldB.两者都类似于世界的感觉

C.botharenotfancifulbutrealC.两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的

D.bothinvolveconstantcreatingD.两者都涉及到不断创造

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词similarity和theactivitiesofmathematiciansandthoseofartists定位到原文第1段第4句，后半句提到“数学家的活动（theactivityofthemathematician），虽然不受外部感官世界的控制，却需要不断地创造（constantlycreating），这与艺术家的活动（totheactivitiesoftheartist），比如说画家的活动，有相似之处（bearsaresemblance），我相信这不是幻想的，而是真实的。”由此可知，数学家的活动和艺术家的活动之间的相似之处在于两者都需要不断创造。因此，D选项“两者都涉及到不断创造”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“两者都受外部世界的控制”，原文提到数学家的活动“不受外部感官世界的控制（notcontrolledbytheexternalworldofthesenses）”，该选项表述错误；

B选项“两者都类似于世界的感觉”，原文只提到了“外部感官世界（theexternalworldofthesenses）”，并没有提到所谓“世界的感觉（thesensesoftheworld）”，该选项属于偷换概念；

C选项“两者都不是幻想的，而是真实的”，原文作者是说数学家与艺术家之间的相似性不是幻想的而是真实的，并不是说数学家和艺术家的活动，该选项属于曲解原文。

第2题:【选项释义】

Inthewriter’sopinion,whatisthemostfundamentalelementthatmakesagoodartistormathematician?在作者看来，成为一名优秀的艺术家或数学家最重要的要素是什么？

A.Numericalskills.A.数学技巧。

B.Creation.B.创造力。

C.Imagination.C.想象力。

D.Senseofbeauty.D.美感。

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词makesagoodartistormathematician定位到原文第2段。本段最后一句提到“还有一些更微妙的品质，其中最主要的就是想象力（chiefamongwhichinbothcasesisimagination），这些品质有助于成为优秀的艺术家或数学家（themakingofagoodartistoragoodmathematician）。”由此可知，作者认为成为一名优秀的艺术家或画家，最重要的是C选项“想象力”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“数学技巧”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，该句提到“然而，这些品质，尽管是最基本的，却不能使一个画家或数学家名符其实，它们也不是最重要的因素。”由此可知，上一段提到的品质，如一些技巧（acertainamountofskill）和精确的推理能力（thepowertoreasonaccuratelyuptoacertainpoint），并不能使他们被称之为好的艺术家或数学家。该选项属于曲解原文；

B选项“创造力”，原文并未提及；

D选项“美感”，原文并未提及。

第3题:【选项释义】

Inwhatwaydomathematiciansexhibitthesameelementsofbeautyaspoet?数学家是怎样和诗人一样展现美的？

A.Mathematicians,lovetoarrangetheirformulasandequationssothattheytakeabeautifulform.A.数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式。

B.Mathematicianswouldliketosparenoefforttomaketheirproofselegant.B.数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅。

C.Mathematiciansseldomarrangetheirformulasandequationsinsymmetry.C.数学家很少把公式和方程式安排得对称。

D.Mathematiciansliketoarrangetheirformulasinverse.D.数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词exhibitthesameelementsofbeauty定位到原文第5段第一句，该句提到“在许多方面，数学展现出的美与一般公认的诗歌的本质相同（exhibitsthesameelementsofbeauty）。”第2句后半句提到“诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上”，第3句提到“他的诗在进入耳朵或思想之前，首先是视觉的（appealstotheeye）”；紧接着提到“类似地（similarly），数学家排列他的公式和方程式（linesuphisformulasandequations），以便它们的形式可以产生美学印象（sothattheirformmaymakeanaestheticimpression）。”由此可知，诗人把他的作品按韵文排列在书页上，产生视觉上的美感，而数学家也通过排列公式和方程式产生同样的美感，A选项“数学家们喜欢把他们的公式和方程式排列成一种美丽的形式”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“数学家们愿意不遗余力地使他们的证明变得优雅”，原文没有提到“证明（proofs）”，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“数学家很少把公式和方程式排列得对称”，原文没有提到“对称（symmetry）”，但是提到了数学家会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“数学家喜欢把公式写成韵文”，原文是说诗人会把他们写的作品按韵文排列，而数学家也会排列他们的公式和方程式，该选项属于张冠李戴。

第4题:【选项释义】

Poetryissuperiortootherformsofexpressionforits____.诗歌优于其他表达形式，因为它的____。

A.unusualdictionA.不寻常的措辞

B.imaginativeexpressionB.富有想象力的表达

C.symbolism,condensationandeconomyofwordsC.象征、词语的凝练和简洁

D.condensationandimaginativedictionD.凝练和富有想象力的措辞

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Poetry和superiortootherforms定位到原文第6段第1句，该句提到“诗歌相对于其他语言表达形式的优势，首先在于诗歌中使用的象征主义（firstinthesymbolismusedinpoetry），其次在于文字的极端浓缩和精简（extremecondensationandeconomyofwords）。”由此可知，C选项“象征、词语的凝练和简洁”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】A选项“不寻常的措辞”、B选项“富有想象力的表达”、D选项“凝练和富有想象力的措辞”，均不符合原文表述，属于无中生有。

第5题:【选项释义】

Justlikepoets,mathematiciansmayuse____.就像诗人一样，数学家也会____。

A.numberstosignifybeautyA.使用数字代表美丽

B.symbolsforthesakeofcomparisonB.为了比较而使用的符号

C.poemsasakindpfsymbolsC.使用诗歌作为一种象征

D.symbolsforthesakeofcondensationandconcentrationD.为了凝练和集中而使用符号

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Justlikepoets和mathematicians定位到原文最后一段第1句“数学家所做的事情和诗人所做的完全一样。”本段最后一句提到“这些符号，就像其他的数学符号一样（mathematicalsymbols），也像诗人的符号一样（likethepoets’symbols），是一种凝练的、集中的方式（acondensed,concentratedwayof），用来表述由简单的几何、代数或数字关系组成的长而复杂的数学链。”由此可知，数学家和艺术家都会使用符号，因为这是一种凝练而集中的表达方式，D选项“为了凝练和集中而使用符号”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“使用数字代表美丽”，这不是数学家与诗人相同的地方，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“为了比较而使用的符号”，数学家使用符合不是为了比较，该选项属于曲解原文；

C选项“使用诗歌作为一种象征”，数学家不是用诗歌来表示象征，而是使用字母（inalgebrathataisanumber），该选项属于曲解原文。

7.单选题

Sincetheislandsoilhasbeenbarrenforsomanyyears,thenativesmustnow________muchoftheirfood.

问题1选项

A.deliver

B.import

C.produce

D.develop

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。deliver“交付，递送”；import“输入，进口”；produce“生产，引起”；develop“发展，进步”。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠，当地人现在必须进口大多数食物。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘（

）thesamemistakeagain!”

问题1选项

A.don'tyoumake

B.Donotyoumake

C.Younotmake

D.Makeyounot

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以带出主语，这种情况下否定结构只能用don't,不用donot。句意：中士眼神犀利地看着站在他面前的士兵说道：“不要再犯同样的错误！”。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

EverysecondintheUnitedStatesalone,morethan250animalsareslaughteredforfood,addinguptomorethan8billionanimalseachyear.Reducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisnutritionallyenvironmentallyandethicallybeneficial.

Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.Meathasbeendirectlylinkedtodiabetes,obesity,arthritis,andmanyotherillnesses.Furthermore,meat-eatersareatahigherriskfordiseases,includingcancer,andtheyaremorelikelytodiefromthesediseases.Criticssaythatameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients,especiallyproteinandiron.Actually,accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood,andironappearsinmanyvegetables.Gettingenoughnutrientsinameat-reduceddietshouldnotbedifficult.A2008studyfoundthatsomeofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.Dietsincludingmorefruitsandvegetableswillonlymakepeoplehealthier.

Someskepticsbelievethattherewillbeashortageoffoodifanimalsarenoteaten.Infact,theoppositeistrue.Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;2.50gallonsofwaterproducesonly1lb.ofbeef.Ifpeopleeatlessmeatandmoreplants,theamountofavailablefoodwillincrease.

Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.90%oftheseanimalsareraisedinconfinement.Chickensandotherbirdshaveonlyabouthalfasquarefootofspaceeach,andsincetheyareraisedsoclosetogether,alotbladeisusedtocutofftheirbeakstopreventthemfrompeckingeachothertodeath.Likewise,pigsthatarerepressedwillbiteeachother'stails,soboththeirteethandtailsareremovedassoonastheyareborn.

Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.Evenaslightreductioninmeatintakeisbetterthannothingatall.Consuminglessmeatisbeneficialtothehealthofanimals,thehealthofpeople,andtothehealthoftheworld.

1.Whydosomepeoplebecomevegetarians?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothebookATeen’sGuidetoGoingVegetarian?

3.Whydoestheauthorsayreducingtheamountofmeatinone'sdietisenvironmentallybeneficial?

4.Whatistheattitudetheauthorhastowardeatingmeat?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.

B.Therearefewerlivestockavailableduetotheenvironmentalpollution.

C.Theconsumptionofmeatwillleadtofinancialproblem.

D.Beingavegetarianisbeneficialtotheprotectionofwater

问题2选项

A.Someofthehighestpesticideresiduesappearinmeatandeggs.

B.Ameatlessdietdoesnotprovideenoughnutrients.

C.Proteinscanbefoundinalmosteveryfood.

D.Morethan80%ofthecorninU.S.arefedtolivestock.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewhoeatmeatusuallyhaveweakerimmunesystemscomparedtothoseofvegetarians.

B.Alotoffoodandwaterareconsumedinordertoraiselivestock.

C.90%ofanimalsareraisedinconfinement.

D.Raisinganimalscausesmostofthedestructionofthenature.

问题4选项

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Indifferent.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题5选项

A.TheAdvantageofEatingLessMeat.

B.WhyPeopleBecomeVegetarian?

C.EnvironmentalProtectionandMeatlessDiet.

D.SaveChickens,SaveBirds.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Manypeoplebecomevegetariansbecausetheyfeelthateatinganimalsisunethical.（许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的）可知A选项“他们觉得吃动物是不道德的”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的accordingtoATeen'sGuidetoGoingVegetarian,byJudyKrizmanic,proteinisfoundinalmosteveryfood（根据JudyKrizmanic的《青少年素食指南》，几乎每种食物都含有蛋白质）可知C选项“蛋白质几乎可以在每种食物中找到”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Morethan80%ofthecomand95%oftheoatsgrownintheU.S.arefedtolivestock.Theworld'scattlealoneconsumeenoughfoodtoequalthecaloricneedsof8.7billionpeople.OnehalfofthewaterusedintheUnitedStatesalsogoestolivestock;（美国80%以上的玉米和95%的燕麦用于饲养牲畜。单是世界上的牛就消耗了足够的食物，足以满足87亿人的热量需求。美国一半的用水也用于牲畜）可知饲养牲畜需要消耗大量的食物与水，如果人们减少食肉，那么所需种植食物的土地资源和水资源会减少，将有利于环境保护，因此选B。

4.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的Eatinganimalsishazardousinnumerousways.（吃动物在很多方面都是有害的）可知作者对吃肉持反对态度，因此选B。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出减少食肉对环境和道德都是有益的；第二段介绍了食肉的人通常比素食者的免疫系统弱；第三段介绍了饲养牲畜消耗了大量的食物与水，如果少食肉，那么可用的食物量就会增大；第三段介绍了许多人成为素食者是因为他们觉得吃动物是不道德的；最后一段总结概括消耗更少的肉有益于动物的健康、人们的健康以及世界的健康。因此A选项“少食肉的好处”符合题意。1

10.单选题

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“描述，描写”；B选项“呼吁，提倡”；C选项“批评”；D选项“分析”；题干中portray“描述，描画”，句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于塑造女性扮演传统角色，比如做饭或照顾孩子。因此A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Airplaneandtelevisionareamongthe（）ofscience.

问题1选项

A.masks

B.martyrs

C.marvels

D.marrow

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飞机和电视都是科学的奇迹。

考查名词辨析。mask面具，口罩；martyr烈士;marvel奇迹；marrow骨髓，精华。四个选项中，只有C项符合句意。

12.翻译题

很多情况下人们谈话时，总是争着表现自己，这类交谈对双方鲜有裨益。当人们谈话时，不要花时间思考你接着要说什么，而要设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说了那些话，你从那些话中能学到什么，你对说那些话的