考研考博-英语-中山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Manyboysandgirls______togetherroundthefireandsangsongs.

问题1选项

A.clustered

B.clattered

C.clutched

D.cluttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项cluster“使聚集，聚集在某人的周围”，B项clatter“发出哗啦声，喧闹的谈笑”，C项clutch“紧握，（因害怕或痛苦）突然抓住”，D项clutter“使凌乱，胡乱地填满”。根据关键信息togetherroundthefireandsangsongs“一起围着火堆唱歌”可知，空格处填入A项符合句子语境。句意：许多男孩和女孩聚集在火堆周围唱歌。因此，该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Scienceisbasedonexperiment，onawillingnessto（）olddogma,onanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.encounter

B.convert

C.challenge

D.formulate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。encounter“偶然遇见”；convert“转换”；challenge“挑战”；formulate“规划”。句意：科学是基于实验的，愿意去挑战老教条，以开放的眼光去探求宇宙的本质。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Despitethefactthatthetwocouncilmembersbelongedtodifferentpoliticalparties,they（

）theissueofhowtofinancethetowndebt.

问题1选项

A.agreedon

B.complicated

C.attestedto

D.avoided

【答案】A

【解析】动词和词组辨析。句意‘尽管两位委员会成员属于不同的政党，但他们就如何为该镇的债务融资达成一致’A选项“对…取得一致意见”；B选项“使复杂化”，原型是complicate;C选项“证明，证实”；D选项“躲开，避免”；根据关键词despite和belongedtodifferentpoliticalparties可以推断出填入空白处的词是要和前面的意思形成对比或转折，所以A选项正确。

4.翻译题

ItisunderstandablethatpublishersareconcernedthattheirjournalsareselectedbyISIforinclusioninitsdatabase.Indeed,itissometimesarguedthatthesurvivalofaparticularjournaldependsonISI'sdecisiontocoveritinCurrentContents.Ajournal'sultimatesuccessdependsuponitsquality,distribution,andmanyothercompetitivefactorsincludingcostandtimeliness.Anyoneofthesefactors,includingcoveragebyISI,canmakethedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.

Ajournal'sreputationmaynottellthecompletestoryaboutitsimpactonthescholarlycommunity.Infact,astudyonsocialsciencejournalssuggestsquitetheopposite.Theirresearchshowedthatthereisanonlinearrelationshipbetweenajournal'sreputationanditsimpact,especiallyattheextremesoftheprestigescale.Theyconcludethatcitationdata“permitscholarstoevaluatetheimportanceofjournalsbasednotonopinionbutonthefrequencyofcitations”andthat“frequencyofcitationimpliesscholarlyacceptance,oratleastacknowledgmentofimportancethroughutilizationofothers'work.”Theresearchersgoontomentionthat“journalshaveprestige,buttheirprestigeisonlyderivedfromtheusefulnessofthearticlestheypublish.”

TranslatedthefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【答案】出版者关心他们的期刊被ISI数据库选中,这是可以理解的。事实上,有人争论一本期刊的命运取决于ISI是否将它收录在《最新内容》里。期刊的最终成功靠的是它的质量、发行以及许多其他竞争因素,包括成本和及时性。这些因素中的任何一个,包括ISI的覆盖范围都能决定成败。

期刊的知名度并不能说明它对学术界的影响力。事实上,一项对社会科学杂志的研究结果恰恰相反。研究表明期刊的知名度和它的影响力之间没有直接关系,特别是在声望范围。他们总结道,“学者们根据引用数据评估期刊的重要性,但是,不是基于期刊的观点而是基于其引用频率。引用频率暗示了学术界的认可,至少通过利用其他人的著作承认了这一重要性。”研究者们还说,“期刊也有声望,但是他们的声望仅源于他们出版的文章的有用性。”

5.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得当，恐惧和与之相伴的痛苦是人类和动物拥有的最有用的两样东西。如果火烧到时不会疼痛，孩子们会一直玩火直到烧掉双手。同样地，如果只有痛苦而没有恐惧，一个孩子会一次又一次地用火烧自己，因为恐惧不会警告他远离曾经烧到他的火。一个真正无畏的士兵——的确存在这样的人——不是一个好士兵，因为他很快就会被杀死。而一个死掉的士兵对他的军队没有任何用处。所以恐惧和痛苦是两位保镖，人类和动物没有它们就会很快灭亡。重要的不是让恐惧控制你，而是要用恐惧来做你的仆人和向导。

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

6.单选题

Althoughtheexaminationhepassedwasnotimportant,hissuccess_______himinhisambitiontobecomeadoctor.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.urged

C.convinced

D.encouraged

【答案】D

【解析】persuaded劝说；urged催促，怂恿；convinced使相信；encouraged激励，鼓舞。句意：虽然这个考试并不重要，但他的成功极大地鼓舞了他想要成为一名医生的理想。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Africanstudentshavemountedstrongprotestsoverthemeasure,claimingthattheyarebeingagainst.

问题1选项

A.displaced

B.discriminated

C.resented

D.disturbed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项displacedv.取代，替换；B选项discriminatedv.歧视，辨别，区别；C选项resentedv.怨恨，厌恶；D选项disturbedv.扰乱，干扰。根据句意可知非洲学生们已经针对实施方案确立了反抗提案，声称他们遭受了种族歧视。因此，正确答案为B项。

8.单选题

Manyinthebusinessworldacceptthatthesuccessofacommercialventureheavilydependentonthepeopleworkingwithinit.Peopleare（1）makeabusinesssuccessful,whetheritisthelowestpaidemployeeswithintheorganizationor（2）management.Engagedemployeesareusuallyhappyemployeeswhoaremore（3）astheyhaveanaturalandgenuineinterestinthe（4）oftheorganization.

Staffbecomesengagedbecauseofanumberofissuesanditisessentialthatbusinessownersandmanagers（5）theseemotions.However,thefirstpartofensuringthatpeopleareconnectedwithacommongoalistogetrecruitment

（6）.Recruitingshouldincludeanumberofquestions（7）atgettinganunderstandingofaperson'smotivationsanddesires.Oncerecruited,communicationiskeytoensuringthatlevelsofengagementdonotwane.Forinstance,changeisoften（8）withworkers.Howevertheyarefarmorelikelyto（9）intochangewhenthereasonsforitandthepotentialbenefitsareclearlylaidout.

Instillingasenseofprideandpassioninabrand,productorethosisvitalin（10）engagedemployees.Ifpeopleenjoywhattheydoandfeelempoweredtoshapethedirectionofacompany,theyarefarmorelikelytoproducebetterresultsandworktothebestoftheirability.

问题1选项

A.who

B.how

C.that

D.what

问题2选项

A.senior

B.chief

C.high

D.tall

问题3选项

A.productive

B.effective

C.valid

D.available

问题4选项

A.estates

B.assets

C.fortunes

D.possessions

问题5选项

A.apply

B.utilize

C.execute

D.hire

问题6选项

A.well

B.over

C.right

D.up

问题7选项

A.aimed

B.focused

C.intended

D.engaged

问题8选项

A.addictive

B.unpopular

C.satisfying

D.rewarding

问题9选项

A.shift

B.fall

C.buy

D.revolve

问题10选项

A.bearing

B.raising

C.feeding

D.delivering

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（）makeabusinesssuccessful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中做主语。

第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的thelowestpaidemployeeswithintheorganization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。

第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。

第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。

第5题:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。

第6题:考查副词辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；getrecruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。

第7题:考查固定搭配。aimat意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望。

第8题:考查上下文语义。beunpopularwith意为“不受欢迎”，此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。

第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变。

第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的producebetterresultsandworktothebestoftheirability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。

9.单选题

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”，withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

1.Theauthorintroduceshistopicintheopeningparagraphby（）.

2.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraph1）impliesthat（）.

3.Theresearcherschosefemalecapuchinmonkeysforstudyprobablybecausetheyare（）.

4.Theresearchersfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.posingacontrast

B.makingacomparison

C.justifyinganassumption

D.explainingaphenomenon

问题2选项

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

问题3选项

A.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

B.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

C.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

D.attentivetoresearchers'instructions

问题4选项

A.prefergrapestocucumbers

B.canbetaughttoexchangethings

C.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

D.willnotbecooperativeiffeelingcheated

问题5选项

A.monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions

B.humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource

C.animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo

D.cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.考查写作手法。第一段将人与猴子之间的相似性进行比较,说明人会将自己与其同类进行比较，而一项研究也表明猴子也存在这种现象。A项"posingacontrast"提出一个对比，但文章不止提出了对比，还进行了分析。B项"makingacomparison"作对比，符合题意。contrast多用于不同事物之间的比较；而compare多用于类比，即同类事物之间的比较。C项“证明一个假设”，第一段说的是人与猴子的比较，而不是假设什么东西。D项“解释一种现象”与第一段不符。故B项正确。、

2.判断推理题。由于题目表面看上去是问一个词组的意思，实际上只有先理解“alltoohuman太具人性化的”然后才能够理解“alltoomonkey太猴子化了”。A项“猴子也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒。”文章中开篇的时候只是说人会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，并没有说动物也会被懒散的竞争对手激怒，故A项错误。C项“猴子和人一样，也会彼此嫉妒。”这是最大的干扰项，本文的主题就是要告诉大家“猴子也痛恨不公平”，故该项与原文内容有区别。D项“除了猴子没有动物能够培养出这样的感情。”从原文并不能推断出这个观点。故B项“猴子与人一样，也会憎恶不公平”。

3.细节事实题。由第二段以及第三段一句话“Theresearchersstudiedthebehavioroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal'sstudy."研究人员研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为。他们看起来很可爱。它们性情温和，乐于合作，总是很晚才分享食物。最重要的是，和人类女性一样，他们往往比男性更关注“商品和服务”的价值。这些特征使他们成为布鲁斯南博士和德瓦尔博士研究的完美对象。由“aboveall最重要的是”后面的内容可知母猴更密切关注商品和服务的价值”也就是母猴权衡她们获得的东西，该优势使其成为被研究对象。故C项正确。B项文中虽有提到，但不是最重要的。AD两项文中均未提及。

4.细节事实题。最后一段第二句"Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated"只有当每只动物都觉得自己没有被欺骗时，这种合作才有可能是稳定的。”由此可知C项正确。AB两项是事实，但不是结论。D项明显是错误的。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段"However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.然而，这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上独立进化而来的，还是来自三千五百万年前的共同祖先，至今仍是个未解之谜。"由此可知B项“人类的对不公平的愤怒起源不明”正确。ACD三项都无法从最后一段推断出来。故B项正确。

10.填空题

InMicrosoft'slatestattempttoreachouttobloggers,thecompanyrecentlygaveawayexpensivelaptopsloaded（1）itsnewWindowsVistaoperatingsystem.Butthegiftsgeneratedcontroversyaswellasgood（2）

,withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbriberyandtheirpeers（3

）

unethicalbehavior.

SeveralbloggersreportedlastweekthattheyhadreceivedAcerFerrarilaptops,whichcansell（4）

morethan$2,200,fromMicrosoft.

AspokeswomanforMicrosoftconfirmedFridaythatthe（5）

hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers

（6）

wroteabouttechnologyandothersubjectsthatcouldbe（7）

bythenewoperatingsystem,likephotographyand,oddly,parenting.

ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachineswithenthusiasm,many（8）

bloggerssoonobjected-notbecausetheyhadbeenleftoffthelistbut,theysaid,becausebloggersareboundbythe（9）

rulesastraditionaljournalists,whoshouldnotaccept

（10）giftsfromcompaniestheycover.

【答案】1.考查介词搭配。根据空格前的loaded（装载）与空格后的operatingsystem（操作系统）可知此处用介词with构成固定搭配loadwith（装载某物）。

试题答案：with

2.考查上下文语义。as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，意为“也，还”，根据空格前的generatedcontroversy（引起争议）aswellas可知此处填goodwill（善意）。

试题答案：will

3.考查介词搭配。根据withsomebloggersaccusingMicrosoftofbribery可知此处填of与前面的ofbribery形成对应。

试题答案：of

4.考查介词搭配。sellfor表示“卖（多少钱）”。

试题答案：for

5.考查上下文语义。根据hadsentoutabout90computerstobloggers（已经向博客寄出了大约90台电脑）可推测主语为微软公司，用“thecompany”指代微软公司。

试题答案：company

6.考查关系代词。空格前的bloggers为先行词，表示人，且在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。

试题答案：who

7.考查上下文语义。短文第一段提到“最近微软公司赠送昂贵的装载有自身新的WindowsVista操作系统的笔记本电脑”可推测“微软公司送装载有自身新的WindowsVista操作系统的笔记本电脑的目的是了解该新的操作系统所带来的影响”，再由空格前的be和空格后的by，可知动词被动形式，填affected。

试题答案：affected

8.考查不定代词。根据空格前ButwhilethoseonMicrosoft'smailinglistinitiallygreetedthemachines（不过当微软公司电脑寄送名单上那些人最初热心地欢迎这些电脑吋）和空格后many...bloggerssoonobjected（很多……博客使用者很快就反对这些电脑的赠送）可推测此处是其他人的态度。

试题答案：other

9.考查上下文语义。根据becausebloggersareboundbythe...rulesastraditionaljournalists（因为博客受到……规则的约束，如同传统的记者）可推测博客也像记者一样受到同样的规则制约，故填same。

试题答案：same

10.考查上下文语义。根据第四题可知每台电脑的价格以超过2200美元卖出，可推出此处表示“昂贵的礼物”，故填expensive。

试题答案：expensive

11.单选题

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

问题1选项

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

问题2选项

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

问题3选项

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

问题4选项

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

问题5选项

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知选项A错误,社会和自然科学的纯理论的目的在于理解,但不是科学本身；根据第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知选项B正确；根据第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”选项C说哲学完全独立于文中提到的科学是不正确的,apartfrom指除...之外,还有...,所以哲学本身也是科学,所以选项C错误；根据第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知选项D刚好与原文描述的相反,所以错误。

2.根据第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于应用的知识会带来立即的可预见的成功,但却不是那种重大的成功,也就是说人类最重要的成功还是来自于技术的应用。因此,选项A为正确答案。

3.根据第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希腊数学家们没有意识到他们研究的价值。选项C符合原文。

4.根据第三段的最后两句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,选项C符合原文主旨。

5.根据第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人类没有无私的追求这些理论知识,就没有取得实际成果的基础,所以选项A符合原文。

12.单选题

Whencompaniesdobusinessoverseas,theycomeincontactwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Theseindividualsoftenspeakadifferentlanguageandhavetheirownparticularcustomandmanners.（1）.

Forexample,inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.（2）tocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness.Unlessoneisawareofsuchexpectedbehaviorshemayendupinsultingthepeoplewithwhomhehopestoestablishtraderelations.

（3）.Forexample,ifatransactionisconductedwithRussia,paymentmaybemadeinrubles.Ofcourse,thiscurrencyisoflittlevaluetotheAmericanfirm.Itis,therefore,necessarytoconverttheforeigncurrencytoAmericandollars.HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?（4）.Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.Forexample,therublemaybeworth0.75onMondayand0.72onTuesdaybecauseofanannouncedwheatshortageinRussia.

Athirduniqueproblemistradebarriers.Foronereasonoranother,allcountriesimposetradebarriersoncertaingoodscrossingtheirborders.（5）.Forexample,theUnitedStatespermitsstrategicmilitarymaterialtobeshippedabroadonlyaftergovernmentpermissionhasbeenobtained.Mosttradebarriers,however,aredesignedtorestrictimport.Twoofthemostcommonimportbarriersarequotasandtariffs.

问题1选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题2选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题3选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题4选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

问题5选项

A.Thisconversionrateisdeterminedbyeverymarket,wherethecurrenciesofcountriesareboughtandsold.

B.Foreignbusinesspeoplewhoarelateareoftenleftoutside.

C.Thesedifferencescancreateproblems.

D.ForeignbusinesspeopleareoftenshockedatthestrangewaysofIndiansdoingbusiness.

E.Asecondtraditionalproblemisthatofmonetaryconversions.

F.Sometradebarriersaredirectlyrelatedtoexports.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:E

第4题:A

第5题:F

【解析】1.由文章大意和结构可知，这里需要一个承上启下的过渡句。2-4段主要讲了文化差异所带来的一些问题。分析比较六个选项，选项C最为合适。

2.空格前一句话“inFrance,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthedesignatedtimeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.”说明在法国，商务会议会按照约定的时间准时开始，并且每个人都要按时达到。而空格后一句目的状语从句tocooltheirheelsasameansoflettingthemknowtheimportanceofpromptness意思是“通过让他们明白及时的重要性”。由此可以推断出此处应和开会迟到的人相关，B选项最合适。

3.分析文章大意及结构。文章第二段说的是第一个问题，文章第四段说的是第三个问题。由此可以得出文章第三段是第二个问题，并且根据第三段主要内容可以得知和“货币转换”有关。因此最合适的选项为E。

4.联系上下文分析。空格前HowmucharetheseRussianrublesworthintermsofdollars?译为“俄罗斯卢布兑换成美元的比值是多少呢？”空格后的句子Thusthereisanestablishedrate,althoughitwilloftenfluctuatefromdaytoday.意思是“因此会有一个确定的比率，虽然这个比率通常会波动”。选项中与兑换率相关的只有A。

5.根据段落大意选择。文章最后一段的中心是tradebarriers，而选项中只有F与tradebarriers相关，且与后文中的内容构成总分关系，故答案选项为F。

13.单选题

Sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasbeenobsessedbythepossibilitythatitwillonedaybeextinguished.Theimpactofanasteroidonearthandthespectreofnuclearholocaustarethemostprevalentmillennialfears.Nowsomescientistsareincreasinglyleaningtowardstheviewthatanewnightmaremustbeaddedtothelist.Theirconcernisthatintelligentcomputerswilleventuallydevelopmindsoftheirownanddestroythehumanrace.

ThelatestwarningcomesfromProfessorStephenHawking.Hetoldaninterviewerthisweekthatartificialintelligencecould“outsmartusall”andthatatechnologicalcatastropheisa“nearcertainty”.Mostnon-expertswilldismisshisclaimsasafantasyrootedinsciencefiction.Butthepaceofprogressinartificialintelligence,orAI,meanspolicymakersshouldalreadybeconsideringthesocialconsequences.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,halftheworld’sAIexpertsbelievehuman-levelmachineintelligencewillbeachievedby2040and90percentsayitwillarriveby2075.SeveralAIexpertstalkaboutthepossibilitythatthehumanbrainwilleventuallybe“reverseengineered”.Someprominenttechleaders,meanwhile,warnthattheconsequencesareunpredictable.ElonMusk,thepioneerofelectriccars,hasarguedthatadvancedcomputertechnologyis“potentiallymoredangerousthannuclearthreats.’’

Thatsaid,theriskthatcomputersmightonedayposeachallengetohumanityshouldbeputinperspective.Scientistsmaynotbeabletosaywithcertaintywhen,orif,machineswillmatchoroutperformmankind.

Butbeforetheworldgetstothatpoint,thedrawingtogetherofbothhumanandcomputerintelligencewillalmostcertainlyhelptotacklepressingproblemsthatcannototherwisebesolved.Thegrowingabilityofcomputerstocrunchenormousquantitiesofdata,forexample,willplayahugeroleinhelpinghumanitytackleclimatechangeanddiseaseoverthenextfewdecades.Itwouldbefollytoarrestthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologynow一andforgothosebenefits一becauseofrisksthatliemuchfurtherinthefuture.

ThereiseveryreasontobeoptimisticaboutAIresearch.Thereisnoevidencethatscientistswillstruggletocontrolcomputers,evenattheirmostadvancedstage.Butthisisasectorinwhichpioneersmusttreadcarefully—andwiththeireyesopentotheenduringabilityofsciencetosurpriseus.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“catastrophe”canbeinterpretedas

（

）.

3.ProfessorStephenHawkingbelievesthatartificialintelligence

（

）.

4.AIexpertscontendthat

（

）.

5.Withthehelpofcomputerintelligence,humanbeingscan

（

）.

6.Theauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

问题1选项

A.humancivilizationwillsomedaydisappear

B.intelligentcomputerswillthreatenmankindoneday

C.naturaldisasterswillleadtohumanexti