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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-井冈山大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

2.

问题1选项

A.Shebearsnoisesinherearsdayandnight.

B.Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.

C.Herrightear,hurtinanaccident,istroublingher.

D.Herearringsaregivinghertroubledayandnight.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Myearsarealwaysringing.DayandnightIcan’tsleep.

M:Whichisyourbadear?

W:Myrightearhurts.

Q:Whydoesthewomanhavetroublesleeping?

【解析】女士在对话中说到难以入眠是因为Myearsarealwaysringing(耳朵一直有噪音)。

2.单选题

Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory.

Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse.Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves,memoryisinvolvedwhenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffed(嗅出)somethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.

Memoryexistsnotonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememorystoragecapacityofacomputerwiththatofahumanbeing.Theinstantaccessmemoryoflargecomputermayholdupto100,000“words”stringofalphabeticornumericalcharactersreadyforinstantuse.AnaverageU.Steenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningofabout100,000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.

Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblemsolvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson’smemoryisintermsofwordsandcombinationsofwords.Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity.Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmemory?

2.Accordingtothepassage,memoryishelpfulinone'slifeinthefollowingaspectsEXCEPTthat(

).

3.Whatistheauthor'sviewaboutcomputersandhumanbeingsintermsofintelligence?

4.Whatisthemajorcharacteristicofman’smemorycapacityaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Humanbeingsmakethemselvesdifferentfromotheranimalsby

).

问题1选项

A.Ithelpsusperceivethingshappeningarounduseveryday

B.Itisbasedonthedecisionswemadeinthepast

C.Itisrootedinourpasthabitsandskills

D.Itconnectsourpastexperienceswiththepresent

问题2选项

A.itinvolvesachangeinone'sbehavior

B.itkeepsinformationforlateruse

C.itwarnspeoplenottodothingsrepeatedly

D.itenablesonetoremembereventsthathappenedinthepast

问题3选项

A.Computershavebettermemorythanachilddoes

B.Computersareasintelligentasateenageris

C.Computerscanunderstandasmanyas100,000words

D.Humanbeingsarefarsuperiortocomputers

问题4选项

A.Itcanbeexpandedbylanguage

B.Itcanrememberallthecombinedwords

C.Itmaykeepalltheinformationinthepast

D.Itmaychangewhathasbeenstoredinit

问题5选项

A.havingtheabilitytoperceivedanger

B.havingafargreatermemorycapacity

C.havingtheabilitytorecognizefacesandplacesonsight

D.havingtheabilitytodrawonpastexperiences

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历,这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”(Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebasisforthedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobefoundinourpastexperiences,whicharebroughtintothepresentbymemory),由此可知,记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来,因此选项D符合题意。

第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情,还包括动物典型行为的改变”(Itnotonlyincludes“remembering”thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoinvolvesanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves),可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的,排除;文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”(Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeepinformationavailableforlateruse),由此可知选项B正确,排除;文章第一段提到了依靠记忆,可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来,选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确,排除。因此,选项C符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词,但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分,人类还能记忆很多其他的内容,比如,能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方(However,thisisbutafractionofthetotalamountofinformationthattheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffacesandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight),可知人类比电脑要强,因此选项D符合题意。

第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时,这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”(Butwhilelanguagegreatlyexpandsthenumberandthekingofthingsapersoncanremember,italsorequiresahugememorycapacity),因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”(Itmaywellbethiscapacitythatdistinguisheshumans,settingthemapartfromotheranimals),因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Thecouplehasdonatedanot()amountofmoneytothefoundation.

问题1选项

A.inconsiderable

B.inconsiderate

C.inaccurate

D.incomparable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这对夫妇为这个基金会己经捐献了不少钱。

考查形容词辨析。inconsiderable小的,不値得考虑的,微不足道的;inconsiderate轻率的,不顾别人的;inaccurate不精确的,不准确的;incomparable无可匹敌的,不能比较的。故A符合句意。

4.单选题

Wecomplainofthedarknessinwhichweliveoutourlives:wedonotunderstandthenatureofexistenceingeneral;weespeciallydonotknowtherelationofourownselftotherestofexistence.Notonlyisourlifeshort,ourknowledgeislimitedentirelytoit,sincewecansee(

)backbeforeourbirth(

)outbeyondourdeath,sothatourconsciousnessisasitwerealightning-flashmomentarilyilluminatingthenight:ittrulyseemsasthoughademonhadmaliciouslyshutoffallfurtherknowledgefromussoastoenjoyourdiscomfiture.

问题1选项

A.either...or

B.neither...nor

C.both…and

D.notonly…butalso

【答案】B

【解析】考查并列连词。空格处句意:我们的知识局限于此,“······出生之前,······我们死亡之后。”我们对于生前死后的知识应为否定状态。四个选项中只有B选项表示否定。

5.单选题

Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto()onmathandtheoreticalphysics.

问题1选项

A.impose

B.center

C.overtook

D.concentrate

【答案】D

【解析】imposeon利用,欺骗;centeron集中,以……为中心;overtook赶上,代替,不与on搭配;concentrateon专注于……。句意:霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求,选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。

6.翻译题

(1)如果从狭义上去理解“进步”和“人类的状况”,则人们可以甚为合理地说,人类在过去的一个世纪中几乎没有取得任何的进步。(2)全球数以百万计的人仍生活在贫困之中,艾滋病正在夺走无数人的生命,而治愈方法遥遥无期。(3)战争和暴力在中东、非洲以及阿富汗持续不断。(4)然而,持此狭隘的观点,则有可能使人无视人类在过去一百年中已取得的显而易见的巨大进步。(5)随着人类继续迈进21世纪,较为可取的做法应该是全面认识人类在过去100年中已经取得的成就,并展望人类在下一个世纪中可能取得的进步,而不是对人类今日显著改善的生存状况视而不见。

【答案】1.Ifweunderstand“progress”and“thehumancondition”inanarrowsense,itisquitereasonabletosaythatmankindhasmadealmostnoprogressinthepastcentury.

2.MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldstillliveinpovertyandAIDSiskillingmillionswithnocureinsight.

3.WarandviolencecontinueintheMiddleEast,AfricaandAfghanistan.

4.However,withsuchanarrowview,onewouldignoretheremarkableandhugeprogressthathumanityhasmadeinthepasthundredyears.

5.Ashumanitycontinuestomoveintothe21stcentury,itwouldbepreferabletotakeacomprehensiveviewofwhathasbeenachievedinthepast100yearsandlookforwardtotheprogressthatislikelytobemadeinthenextcentury,ratherthanturningablindeyetotheremarkableimprovementinhumanconditionstoday.

7.单选题

Sheknowsalotofyoungmen,butitisn’teasytochoosea/an______onewhoisbothrichandattractive.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.elegant

C.diligent

D.qualified

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eligible“(指认为可做夫妻的男女)合意的,合适的;具备条件的”;B选项elegant“优雅的;精美的”;C选项diligent“勤勉的”;D选项qualified“有文凭的;有限度的,有保留的”。句意:她认识很多年轻人,但要选择一个既有钱又有魅力的______却不容易。根据语境,这里指即使这么多优秀的人,选一个合心意的也不容易。A选项eligible“(指认为可做夫妻的男女)合意的,合适的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeforwhichtheeyesstop—thedurationofthefixation—variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovarieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.

Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.

1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept().

2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading().

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

5.Thetuneoftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis().

问题1选项

A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext

B.one’spurposeinreading

C.thelengthofagroupofwords

D.lightingandtiredness

问题2选项

A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation

B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly

C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind

D.demandsmoremindthaneyes

问题3选项

A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.

B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.

C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.

D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sabilitytoseewords.

问题4选项

A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.

B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.

C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.

D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.

问题5选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.pessimistic

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段后半部分的内容“眼睛停留的时间,也就是注视持续的时间因人而异。每个人的阅读目的和对文本的熟悉程度也不同。此外,它会受到诸如光照和疲劳等因素的影响。”由此可知,只有选项C不是影响识别时间的因素。

2.判断推理题。根据第二段的倒数第二、三句“所有这些练习都很巧妙,但是提高一个人看单词的能力是一回事,提高他有效阅读课文的能力又是另一回事。阅读需要理解单词之间的关系。”由此可知,选项A和B是人们错误地强调阅读纯粹的视觉方面,设计了许多练习来训练眼睛在一次注视时能看到更多的单词,所以均不是作者的观点;作者认为阅读需要理解单词之间的关系,也就是需要大脑深入参与到阅读中来,所以选项C正确;选项D将大脑和眼睛进行了对比,显然在原文没有信息提及。

3.判断推理题。题干问的是:作者在第二段提到“提高一个人看单词的能力是一回事,提高他有效阅读课文的能力又是另一回事”是想表达什么?原文最后一句提及“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特别是任何训练一个人阅读单个单词和短语的方法似乎不太可能帮助他阅读连续的文本。”也就是说,上述的阅读练习对于提高有效阅读并没有什么太大的帮助,所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句“…especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.特别是任何训练一个人阅读单个单词和短语的方法似乎不太可能帮助他阅读连续的文本。”由此可知,选项D与原文表述不符。

5.观点态度题。结合全文内容可知,作者主要是反对强调阅读纯粹的视觉方面,也就是只用眼睛看而不用大脑思考,所以作者的态度是批判的。选项A正确。

9.单选题

The()ofthemanwhobeatthegirltodeathwasnotformoneybutforkilling.

问题1选项

A.motive

B.motivation

C.push

D.drive

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机;目的(侧重于做坏事的动机)”,B选项motivation“动机;积极性(侧重于干劲,动力一类)”,C选项push“推”,D选项drive“驱动器”,句子中是说男子击打女孩致死的动机,是坏的行为,因此A选项符合题意。句意为:那个把女孩打死的男人的动机不是为了钱,而是为了杀人。

10.单选题

Inthenewcabinet’budget,aproportionof3percentisfixedforthefeedingand(

)ofthosebelowthepovertyline.

问题1选项

A.unemployment

B.dwelling

C.exploitation

D.evolving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。unemployment“失业”;dwelling“住处,寓所”;exploitation“开发,开采,剥削”;evolving“演变,进化”。

句意:在新内阁的预算中,3%的预算用于为那些在贫困线以下的人提供食物和住处。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Farmingisstilltheworld'sgreatestindustry.Onaverage,overhalfofthepopulationspendtheirlivesploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcrops,andraisinganimalswhichprovideuswithmeat,milk,eggs,wool,leather,andmanyotherproducts.Traditionalfarming,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.Buttraditionalmethodscannotproduceenoughfoodtocopewiththegreatexplosioninpopulation.

Onlywithmodernmethodsoffarming——usingmachinestoreplacemenandanimals,artificialfertilizerstoenrichthesoil,andchemicalstokeepweedsanddiseasesundercontrol,canmanhopetoavoidacatastrophicworldfoodshortage.FormingmethodsarewelladvancedinmostpartsofEuropeandNorthAmerica,andfarmerselsewherearebeinghelpedbysuchorganizationsastheUnitedNationsFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)tomodernizeasquicklyaspossible.

Machineryhasbroughtaboutthegreatestrevolutioninfarming.Byfarthemostimportantmachineisthetractor,whichisusedforpullingmanykindsofimplements——ploughstobreakupthesoil,drillstosowtheseeds,trailerstocarrymanure,andsoon.Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery,suchasmowingmachines,andpotatoharvesters.

Thestandardtypeoftractorhastwomassivewheelsattherearandtwosmallonesatthefront,butthosedesignedfortravelingoverheavygroundorforpullingheavyloadshavecaterpillarorcrawlertracks.Tractorssupplypowertodriveothermachineryeitherthroughapulleywheeldrivenbytheengineorbymeansofwhatiscalledpowertake-off(p.t.o).Inp.t.o.drive,themovingpartofthemachinethetractorispulling,suchastheknifebladeofamower,isturneddirectlybyashaftdrivenbytheengine.

Amongthemanyotherfarmmachines,combineharvestersareprobablythemostimportant.Theyaresocalledbecausetheycombinetheactionsofreapingandthreshing.Cerealsarethemain,butnottheonlycropsthatareharvestedwiththecombine.Peasandbeanscanalsobeharvestedwithit.

Growingplantstaketheirnourishmentfromthesoil.Theyneedcertainessentialelements,particularlycalcium,nitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassium,iftheyaretogrowwell.Itstandstoreasonthataftereverycroptherewillbelessoftheseelementsremaininginthesoilforasubsequentcrop.Toensureagoodcropeverytime,farmersapplyfertilizerstothesoilbeforeplantingtoreplacetheessentialelementsthepreviouscropremoved.

Thefarmer'straditionalfertilizerisfarm-yardmanure,arottedmixtureofdungandstraw.Itimprovesthetextureofthesoilaswell.Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodernfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.Thereareavarietyofartificialfertilizers,eachsupplyingcertainoftheessentialelements.Sulphateofammoniasuppliesnitrogen,superphosphateoflimesuppliesphosphorus,bonemealsuppliesbothnitrogenandphosphorus,sulphateofpotashsuppliespotassium,andtherearemany,manymore.Superphosphateisprobablyoneofthemostwidelyusedofallthefertilizers.Limeisalsoaddedtothesoilonalargescale.Itisvaluablenotonlyasafertilizerbutalsoasasoilconditioner.

Ofcourse,stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthmakestheweedsgrowbetter,too!Fortunatelythechemisthascometotheaidoffarmersanddevelopedselectiveweed-killers,properlycalledherbicides,forusewiththeircrops.Herbicideshaveaselectiveactioninthattheykilltheweedsbutleavethecropunharmed.Theyareusedparticularlywiththecerealcrops.Chemistshavealsodevelopedawiderangeoffungicidestokillfungusdiseases,suchaspotatoblightorrustnwheat,whichcoulddevastatethecrops.Farmerswagecontinualwaragainstinsects,too.Maggots,beetles,andweevilscandountolddamageiftheyarenotchecked.Again,modernsciencehasproducedpowerfulinsecticidestoprotectcropsagainstinsectattack.

1.Whatisthesymboloftraditionalfarming?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,tractor().

3.Tosupplytheneedsofmodernfarming().

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat().

5.Theword"revolution"inline1ofparagraph3canbebestreplacedby().

6.Theword"they"inline2ofparagraph5refersto().

7.Thephrase“cometotheaidof”inline2ofthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans().

问题1选项

A.Ploughingthesoil,plantingseeds,harvestingcropsandraisinganimals.

B.Enrichingthesoilwithartificialfertilizers.

C.Hardfarmworkisdonebymanuallaborandanimals

D.Ploughingthesoilwithtractors.

问题2选项

A.doesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid

B.isusedtobreakupthesoilsowtheseedsandcarriesmanure

C.replacesbothmenandanimalsandprovidespowertodriveothermachinery

D.hastwomassivewheelsattherear

问题3选项

A.growingplantsneedcertainessentialelements

B.farmersapplymanurebeforeplanting

C.stimulatingcropsintobettergrowthalsohassideeffect

D.artificialfertilizersarewidelyused

问题4选项

A.therearetremendousdifferencesbetweentraditionalfarmingandmodemfarming

B.inmodernfarmingtractorisessential

C.fertilizersarethesymbolofmodemfarming

D.farmersseldomapplymanurenow

问题5选项

A.gradualchange

B.completechange

C.suddenchange

D.slowchange

问题6选项

A.generalfarmmachines

B.farmers

C.tractors

D.combineharvesters

问题7选项

A.runheretohelp

B.cometothearea

C.offerhelpto

D.serveasanaide

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:C

【解析】1.根据第一段第三句“Traditionalfanning,inwhichmostofthehardworkonthefarmisdonebymanuallaborandanimals,isstillpracticedinmanycountries.”许多国家仍在实行传统农业,在这种农业中,大多数繁重的劳动是由体力劳动和由动物来完成的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第三段最后两句“Inthisrespectitdoesthesamekindofworkasteamsofhorses,oroxenoncedid.Butatractordoesmorethanjustpull.Italsoprovidespowertodriveothermachinery...”拖拉机所做的工作与以前的马或牛一样,但是拖拉机不仅仅如此,它还可以为其他机器提供动力。由此可知,选项C符合原文。

3.根据倒数第二段第三句“Butthereisnotenoughmanuretosupplytheneedsofamodemfarmer,andartificialfertilizersarewidelyusedinstead.”没有足够的肥料供应现代农民的需求,所以人工肥料被广泛使用。选项D与原文描述一致。

4.结合一二段的内容可知,现代农业和传统农业有很大的差异,选项A正确;选项B和C表述太绝对;选项D在文中没有提及。

5.根据句意:机器的出现对于农业来说是一个巨大的变革,也就是说农业发生了彻底的变化,选项B最符合原文语境。

6.结合上下文以及句意可知,这里的they指的是上句提到的combineharvesters,选项D正确。

7.根据下文可知,除草剂可以杀死杂草,但不伤害作物。由此可知cometotheaidof指提供帮助,所以选项C正确。

12.不定项选择题

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.ThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterworldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat“Gift”meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguistic(语言上的)andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksandpolicemenarerare.OurtransportationsystemshaveEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthem.Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorofneededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand.

1.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobable(

).

2.TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheir(

).

3.IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans(

).

4.Accordingtotheauthor,American’sculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewill(

).

5.Theauthor’sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethat(

).

问题1选项

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

问题2选项

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

问题3选项

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

问题4选项

A.affecttheirimagesinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

问题5选项

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干:中东人距离美国人太近会最可能……A选项“站着不动”;B选项“跳到一边”;C选项“走得更近”;D选项“使保持距离”。定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话Moreover,weliketothinkofourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.(此外,我们喜欢认为自己是友好的,但拉丁人和中东人更喜欢与他人至少3英尺或1臂的距离,这让美国人感到不舒服。)以及第二段第一句linguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriend,businessandrespectintheworld(语言和文化上的盲目性,以及我们对其他国家的品味、手势、习俗和语言的不上心,正在使我们在世界上失去朋友、生意和尊重。),从这里可以看出美国人不喜欢别人离得很近,而且比较自我,所以在别人离得很近的时候最有可能的反应就是和他们保持距离,所以答案选D选项,其他选项不符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题干:作者举了许多例子来批评美国人的……。A选项“文化自我中心”;B选项“随意的态度”;C选项“对外国游客的冷漠”;D选项“对其他文化的傲慢”。定位到文章第一段第一句话OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.(我们的文化使大多数美国人认为,不仅我们的语言是通用的,而且我们使用的手势每个人都能理解),后面的例子包括美国的餐馆等公共场所只有英文标志,没有其他语言的标志,美国人出国旅游都需要翻译,这些都表明了美国人的文化自我中心,所以答案选A;B、D选项文章没有提及;C选项只是文化自我中心的一个例子。

第3题:事实细节题。题干:在其他国家,大多数美国人……A选项“被当地人孤立了”;B选项“由于语言障碍消息不会很灵通”;C选项“和当地人相处得很好”;D选项“酒店及餐厅需要翻译”。第三段第五、六、七句:Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericherwhospeakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation’sdiplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.(当我们出国时,我们倾向于聚集在说英语的酒店和餐馆。我们获取的态度和信息是由那些本地人决定的——通常是那些说英语的富人。我们的商业往来,以及国家的外交,都是通过翻译官进行的)。从这里可以看出因为美国人的消息是会英语的富人提供的,所以消息不会很灵通,B选项正确;A、C、D选项文章没有提及。

第4题:判断推理题。题干:根据作者,美国人的文化盲目性和语言无知将……A选项“影响他们在新时代的形象”;B选项“切断自己与外界的联系”;C选项“限制他们在国际事务中的作用”;D选项“削弱美元的地位”。第四段第一句AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.(美国人和美国人可以忍受文化盲目性和语言无知)最后一段第二三句话Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthings,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairs(美元不再能买到所有好东西,我们开始慢慢意识到我们在世界上的适当角色正在发生变化。1979年哈里斯民意调查显示,55%的美国人希望美国在国际事务中发挥更重要的作用),从这里可以看出以前美国人能够承受文化自我中心带来的后果,但是随着美元的衰落,美国这种自我中心的心态已经影响了美国人在国际事务中的地位,所以答案选C;整篇文章没有提到美国人的形象问题以及美国人与世隔绝了,所以B选项不选。A、D选项与题无关。

第5题:主旨大意题。题干:作者写这篇文章的目的就是要让美国人意识到这一点。A选项“忽视他们的外国朋友是危险的”;B选项“保持他们在国际事务中的领导作用是重要的”;C选项“在公共场所使用几种语言是必要的”;D选项“是时候去了解其他文化了”。整篇文章都是围绕美国的文化自我中心来展开的,比如第一段第一句OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone(美国文化让大多数美国人认为,不仅我们的语言是通用的,而且我们的手势每个人都能理解)第二段第一句Ourlinguisticandculturalblindness(我们语言和文化上的盲目)第四段第一句的culturalblindness(文化上的盲目)。结合选项,选项中唯一讲文化的只有D选项,所以答案选D。A、B、C选项只是对文章内容的截取。

13.单选题

Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthe()conditionforexpansionofmind.

问题1选项

A.indispensable

B.incredible

C.indefinite

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】句意:众所周知,知识是拓展思维的必备条件。

考查形容词辨析。indispensable不可缺少的,必不可少的;incredible惊人的,不可思议的;indefinite无限期的,不明确的;incompatible不相容的,不匹配的。故A符合句意。

14.单选题

Havinggonethroughallkindsofhardshipsinlife,hebecameafamousclownwithastrong().

问题1选项

A.philosophy

B.manner

C.personality

D.idealism

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定用法。toblame意为“该受责备;怪罪;应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词,假如在表演时失败了,你只能怪你自己。”选项B符合语境。

15.单选题

Thefathercan’tevendisciplinehimself,______agoodexampletohischildren.

问题1选项

A.muchmoretoset

B.muchlesssetting

C.muchlesstoset

D.stillmoresetting

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项muchmore“更加;多得多”,后面接形容词;B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”,后面可跟名词、代词和从句;C选项muchlesstodo非固定搭配;D选项stillmore“更加”。句意:这位父亲甚至不能约束自己,______给他的孩子做个好榜样了。根据语境,这里指不能约束自己,就更加不能做个好榜样了,B选项muchlessdoing“更不用说”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Theselfishpeoplearemainly()withwhattheycanpersonal

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