考研考博-英语-云南师范大学文理学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南师范大学文理学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

We______soasnottowakethechild.

问题1选项

A.whispered

B.moaned

C.grunted

D.muttered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项whispered“低声地说”；B选项moaned“呻吟”；C选项grunted“咕哝着说”；D选项muttered“喃喃自语”。句意：我们低声说话，以免吵醒孩子。本句表示低声说话。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Itisobviousthatthisapplicabletoeveryonewithout______.

问题1选项

A.exception

B.excision

C.modification

D.substitution

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.exception一般情况以外的人（或事物）；例外B.excision切除；删除

C.modification改进；改变D.substitution代替；替换

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息applicabletoeveryone（适用于每一个人）可知，每个人都适用，也就是说没有一个例外，withoutexception是常见用法，表示“无例外地，全部”，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】显然，这适用于每个人，无一例外。

3.翻译题

Putthefollowing3ChinesesentencesintoEnglishand3EnglishsentencesintoChinese.

事实上，与普通高校毕业生相比，名校毕业生由于享受更好的资源、受到更好的教育，所以他们也就更有创造力和生产力。而且，从知名高校毕业的学生会发现自己无论在心理上还是在学术上都更突出一些，因而也更加自信，这就形成了良性循环。

几周以前，英国食品标准局(FSA)发表了一份报告。报告评估了有机生产的水果、蔬菜、肉类、蛋类和奶制品等与非有机生产的同类食品营养水平的差异。这是一项完整而严谨的研究。通过研究他们发现，在营养成分上，有机和非有机食品间的差距可以忽略不计。

根据心理学家克里斯托弗•彼得森的观点，自尊与幸福度和生活满意度有关。我们尊心越强，幸福度和生活满意度就越高。它要求我们对自己的自尊有清醒的认识，但不要期待自己会十全十美。要原谅自己犯下的错误，并尽快摆脱消极的态度。

Theobesityisanationalhealthcrisis,onethat—quiteliterally—weighsonusall.Itcostslives.Itcostsdollars.Andinthecontextofourcurrenthealth-reformdebateinWashington,it’stimewetookaction,asanationandasindividuals,toaddressthiscost.Whileinfectiousdiseasewasadisasterthreateningourgrandparents'generation,chronicdiseaseiskillingusandharmingourwell-being—andobesityistherootcause.Thegrowthinobesityisstronglylinkedtoheartdisease,hypertension,andtheexplosionofdiabetesthatourcountryiscurrentlyexperiencing.

Thecontextofleadershipischanging,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmoderncompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchiesarebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Instead,thereshouldbeasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowertoLead,stressesacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichiscalledsmartpower,isthebestapproach.

ForEmilyDickinsontherearethreeworlds,andshelivedinallofthem,makingthemthesubstanceofeverythingthatshethoughtandwrote.Therewastheworldofnature,thethingsandthecreaturesthatshesaw,heard,feltabouther;therewasthe"estate"thatwastheworldoffriendship;andtherewastheworldoftheunseenandunheard.Fromheryouthshewaslookeduponasdifferent.Shewasdirect,impulsive,original,andthedrollwitwhosaidunconventionalthingswhichothersthoughtbutdarednotspeak,andsaidthemincomparablywell.Thecharacteristics,whichmadeherinscrutabletothosewhoknewher,continuetobewilderandsurprise,forshelivedbyparadoxes.

【答案】Asamatteroffact,thegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremorecreativeandproductivethanthosefromcommonschools,asbetterresourcesandeducationareavailablefortheformer.Furthermore,whatcontributestothebetterdevelopmentisthatthegraduatesfromeliteschoolsaremoreconfident,becausetheyfindthemselvesoutstandingbothinmentalityandinacademy.

Afewweeksago,theFoodStandardsAgency(FSA)intheUKissuedareportevaluatingnutrientlevelsinorganicversusnon-organicfoodslikefruits,vegetables,meats,eggs,anddairyproducts.Itisacomplete,rigorouspieceofresearch.Andtheyfoundthat,intermsofnutritionalcontent,thedifferencesbetweenorganicandnon-organicfoodsarenegligible.

Thepsychologist,ChristopherPeterson,suggestthatself-esteemisrelatedtohappinessandlifesatisfaction.Thestrongertheself-esteemis,themorehappinessandlifesatisfactionyouwillachieve.Wearerequiredtohaveareasonableunderstandingthatself-esteemdoesnotmeanalwaysbeingperfectandweshouldforgiveourmistakesandgetridofthenegativeattitudeassoonaspossible.

肥胖是一场全国性的健康危机，并且毫不夸张地说，它对我们大家都很重要。它危险生命、消耗金钱。目前在华盛顿进行的医疗改革谈论中，现在是我们作为一个国家和个人采取行动解决这一问题的时候了。虽然传染病曾威胁我们祖父母一代，但慢性疾病正在折磨着我们，侵蚀着我们的幸福，而肥胖是根本原因。肥胖的增长与我国目前正在经历的心脏病、高血压和糖尿病的爆发密切相关。

领导力发挥作用的环境正在发生改变，因此过去强调硬实力的理论正逐渐过时。在现代企业和民主国家，权力日益扩散，传统的等级制度正在受到破坏，使软实力变得更加重要。但是那并不意味着高压政治现在应该让位于劝导手段。相反，应该综合这两种观点。《领导的力量》这本书的结论强调称为巧实力的软硬实力的结合才是最好的方法。

对艾米丽•狄金森来说，存在三种世界，她生活在这三种世界之中，使它们成为她思想和写作的材料。一种是自然的世界，为她所看、所听、所感受到的事物和生物；一种是友情的世界，是属于“个人财产”；还有一种看不见、听不见的世界。从她年轻的时候起，人们就认为她与众不同。她直率、冲动、独树一帜。另外，她还是一位爱打趣的才女，是那种能说出别人想说去敢说说的不合常规的想法，而且说得非常好。这些使她不为所知晓她的人所理解的性格特征继续令人迷惑和惊讶，因为她生活在矛盾之中。

4.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally______.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dispersed

C.dissipated

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项deteriorate“恶化，变坏”，B项disperse“分散，使散开”，C项dissipate“浪费，使……消散”，D项drain“排水，流干，喝光”。根据句子前半部分意思“在同一个工作上干了四年之后”，结合关键词enthusiasm“热情”可推断，空格处填入dissipated“枯竭”符合语境。句意：他干同样的工作干了四年后，热情终于枯竭了。因此，该题选择C项正确。

5.单选题

Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview",inwhichotherscientists(peers)evaluatethevalueandcredibilityofresearchbeforeallowingittoappearinprint.

Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.Infact,reviewersareoftenscientificcompetitors.Toremoveanybiasfromthereviewprocess,mostmanuscripts(articlespriortopublication)areconsideredbythreereviewersindependently.Reviewersconsiderthevalidityoftheapproach,thesignificanceandoriginalityofthefinding,itsinterestandtimelinesstothescientificcommunity,andtheclarityofthewriting.Reviewersthenprovidefeedbackonthemanuscripttheyhaveread.Journaleditorsrelyonpeer-reviewfeedbacktoguidetheirpublicationdecisions,andauthorsusereviewerscommentstorefinethetextoftheirmanuscriptandtheexperimentswithin.Journaleditorsmustoccasionallyresolveissuesrelatedtoconflictofinterestamongreviewers;reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.

Reviewersareexpectedtokeeptheinformationinamanuscriptconfidentialuntilitispublished,butitisrarethattheworkcomesasacompletesurprisetotheentirescientificcommunity.Thisisbecausepeerreviewisintegratedintoalmosteverystepofscience.

Mostresearchscientistsrequestpublicfundingfortheirexperiments.Fundingdecisionsaremadebyacommitteeofotherscientistswhodebateeachproposal’slikelihoodofsuccess,thevalidityofitsapproach,andtheimportanceofthequestionbeingasked.Oncefunded,theexperimentscanbegin,andpreliminarydataisoftenrevealedatscientificmeetings.Thisallowsthefindingstobedebatedanddefendedwithcolleaguespriortopublication.Oncetheexperimentsarecompleted,amanuscriptiswrittenandcirculatedtoallthosewhocontributedtothework.Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.Ifthatjournaldeclinestopublishthemanuscript,itcanbesenttoadifferentjournalforconsideration.

Despitethebesteffortsofreviewers,casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished.Somecasesturnouttobeelaboratehoaxes.Forexample,in1912CharlesDawsonshowedoffpartsofaskullandjawbonetothepublicandconvincedscientiststhatthefossilsrepresentedthemissinglinkbetweenmanandapeDawson's"PiltdownMan"confusedthescientificcommunityfor40yearsuntilitwasdiscoveredthattheskullwasonly500yearsoldratherthan500,000,andthejawbonewasthatofanorangutan.Inotherinstancesofmisconduct,datainscientificjournalshasbeeninadequatelydocumentedorimproperlyreportedCasesofscientificmisconductarerarebutimportantbecauseofthepublicitytheyreceiveoncetheyarediscovered,erodingthepublic'strustinthepeer-reviewsystemandscienceitself.Tokeepthistypeofconductincheck,scientificarticlesincludedetaileddescriptionsofexperimentalprotocolsthatenableotherstoreproduceexperiments.

1.Scientificjournalsmakeforreliablereadingowingto（

）.

2.Qualifiedpeerreviewers

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Itcanbeinferredthatscientificjournals

（

）.

5.Scientificmisconduct（

）.

问题1选项

A.theliteracyrateofreaders

B.thepracticeofpeerreview

C.thereputationoftheeditors

D.thecooperationamongauthors

问题2选项

A.shouldhavetherelevantexpertiseandvastknowledge

B.fullydominatetheeditorialdecisionsaboutpublication

C.needtodiscusswithotherreviewersforsakeoffairness

D.helprewritethesubmittedmanuscripttoimproveitsquality

问题3选项

A.Conflictsofinterestamongreviewersresultfromresearchgrants.

B.Manuscriptsareusuallypublishedasoriginallysubmittedtoajournal.

C.Reviewers'identitiesarekeptconfidentialtoensureobjectivejudgment.

D.Informationinamanuscriptremainssecretinthescientificcommunity.

问题4选项

A.allowsimultaneoussubmissionandduplicatepublication

B.areforcedtoprovidereliableandcredibleinformationforreaders

C.alwaysmakeresearcharticlesdigitalandopenlyaccessibleonline

D.aremorelikelytopublishresearchfindingsinthefieldtheyspecializein

问题5选项

A.couldbeidentifiedanddetectedeasily

B.emergesastheby-productofthepeer-reviewsystem

C.occurssoinfrequentlythatfewreviewerscareaboutit

D.mayinvolvedatafalsificationorinadequatedocumentation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Scientificjournalscanprovidereliableinformationbecauseoftheprocesscalled"peerreview"（科学期刊可以提供可靠的信息，是因为被称为“同行评审”的这一过程）可知选B。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Peer-reviewisperformedbyknowledgeablescientistswhoarenotdirectlyinvolvedwiththeresearchbeingevaluated.（同行评审是由没有直接参与正在评估研究的知识渊博的科学家进行的）可知A选项“应具备相关的专业知识和广博的知识”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中reviewersidentitiesaregenerallynotrevealedtomanuscriptauthors.Thislaterruleisintendedtofreereviewersfromanysocialpressures,allowingthemtoconsideronlythequalityofthesciencebeforethem.（评审者的身份通常不会透露给原稿作者。这后一条规则旨在让评审者免受任何社会压力的影响，让他们只考虑到他们面前的科学的质量）可知C选项“评审人员的身份是保密的，以确保客观判断”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中Manuscriptscommonlyundergoseveralroundsofrevisionbytheauthorsbeforebeingsubmittedtoajournalforpeerreview,Journalsvaryintheirselectivityandfocus.Consequently,manuscriptsarefirstsenttothemostwidelyreadjournallikelytopublishthework.（原稿在提交给同行评审之前，通常要经过作者的几轮修改，期刊的选择性和侧重点各不相同。因此，原稿首先被送到很可能会发表这篇文章的阅读最广泛的期刊上）可推测科学期刊很可能是发表其专门从事的领域的研究成果。

第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段第一句中casesofscientificmisconductdooccurandincorrectorunsubstantiateddatadoesgetpublished（确实会发生科学不当行为，不正确或未经证实的数据也会被公布）可知选D。

6.单选题

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

问题1选项

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解决的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上瘾的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：尽管有力的证据已经证明尼古丁能让人上瘾，但是烟草公司仍然坚持它是无害的。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Hisremarkswere（）annoyeverybodyatthemeeting.

问题1选项

A.soasto

B.suchasto

C.suchto

D.asmuchasto

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项soasto“以便；以致”；B选项suchasto“达到这样的程度以致”；C选项suchto，没有这样的搭配，可排除；D选项asmuchasto“就像是”。由本句关键词“annoyeverybody”（惹恼了所有人）可知，他的评论到达了很严重的程度以致惹恼所有人。句意：他的话让会议上的每个人都很恼火。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

Beforeitcouldberesolvedthroughanewcentralizationofdynasticpowerunderanewmandate,theintellectualcrisisoftheConfucianbeliefsbroughtonbytheimpactoftheWestunderminedthesocialorderitself,whichwasmademorevulnerablebythe（）ofitspoliticalinstitutions.

问题1选项

A.functional

B.malpractice

C.integration

D.disintegration

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的……而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Ialwayslefthomeforschoolearlierinthemorning______trafficjam.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.forthesakeof

C.incaseof

D.attheriskof

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项inlinewith“与……一致”；B选项forthesakeof“为了”；C选项incaseof“以防万一”；D选项attheriskof“冒着……的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学______交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项incaseof“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神户)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯断层).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

问题2选项

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

问题3选项

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

问题5选项

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知选项A正确；根据第一段的内容可知选项B错误；根据第三段的内容可知，选项C描述的是北岭地震而不是神户地震，不符合题意；根据原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知选项D错误。所以只有选项A表述正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能够发现地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危险的地震发生前警告人类。也就是说，预测地震是不可能的，选项B符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科学家能够轻而易举地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么预测就不那么重要了。由此可知选项B正确；根据第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知选项C正确。所以本题选项D。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项A和B表述太绝对；选项D没有提及。根据本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震时间更长或强度更大，建筑物可能已经倒塌了。也就是说，北岭的建筑可能会在更强的地震中倒塌。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲地震的不可预测性，这是一个事实，选项B和D带有疑问语气，所以不恰当。选项C不是本文的重点，所以选项A比选项C更能概括全文。

11.填空题

WhenLiSanwenttothehospitalforhis（1）healthcheck-up,thedoctor

onceagainadvisedhimtoquitsmokingand（2）weight.HealsotoldLitogetmore（3）andcutdownonthe（4）ofsaltinhasdiet.Lihasheardthismanytimesbefore,buthewillprobably（5）theadvice,（6）hehasinthepast.I’mafraiditwilltakeaheartattacktomakehim（7）hisattitude.

【答案】1.regular

2.lose

3.exercise

4.amount

5.ignore

6.as

7.change

【解析】1.语义题。regularhealthcheck-up常规健康体检

2.固定搭配。Loseweight减肥。

3.语义题。getmoreexercise加强锻炼

4.语义题。Amount数量。

5.语义题。Ignoretheadvice忽视意见。

6.语义题。As正如。

7.固定搭配。changeone'sattitude转变观念。

12.单选题

TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783,wasastrugglebywhichthethirteencoloniesthatweretobecometheUnitedStateswonindependencefromBritain.Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry.TheBritishGovernmenttriedtoregulatecolonialcommerceintheBritishinterest,andprovokedcolonialopposition.ThecolonistsconvenedtheContinentalCongressandpetitionedthekingforredressoftheirgrievances.In1774BritainrespondedwiththecoerciveIntolerableActs.FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonandConcord.TheContinentalCongressappointedGeorgeWashingtontocommandtheContinentalArmyandonJuly4,1776.adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists.Thesurrender.October1781,ofGeneralCornwallisendedthefightingandtheTreatyofParis(1783)recognizedtheU.S.asanation.

TheAmericanRevolutionwasnotarevolutioninthesenseofaradicalortotalchange.Itwasnotasuddenandviolentoverturningofthepoliticalandsocialframework,suchaslateroccurredinFranceandRussia,whenbothwerealreadyindependentnations.Significantchangeswereusheredin,buttheywerenotbreathtaking.Whathappenedwasacceleratedevolutionratherthanoutrightrevolution.Duringtheconflictitselfpeoplewentonworkingandpraying,marryingandplaying.Mostofthemwerenotseriouslydisturbedbytheactualfighting,andmanyofthemoreisolatedcommunitiesscarcelyknewthatawarwason.

America'sWarofIndependenceheraldedthebirthofthreemodernnations.OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates.AnotherwasAustralia,whichbecameapenalcolonynowthatAmericawasnolongeravailableforprisonersanddebtors.Thethirdnewcomer-theUnitedStates-baseditselfsquarelyonrepublicanprinciples.

Yeteventhepoliticaloverturnwasnotsorevolutionaryasonemightsuppose.Insomestates,notablyConnecticutandRhodeIsland,thewarlargelyratifiedacolonialself-rulealreadyexisting.Britishofficials,everywhereousted,werereplacedbyahome-growngoverningclass,whichpromptlysoughtalocalsubstituteforkingandparliament.

1.TheAmericanRevolutionbrokeoutmainlyasaresultofconflictsbetweenthethirteencoloniesandBritainin（

）.

2.Theword"coercive"inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingelementsdirectlycontributedtothevictoriousconclusionoftheAmericanRevolution?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheloyalistswhoescapedtoCanadawere（

）. 

5.Whatwilltheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostprobablydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.ideologicaltrends

B.lifestyles

C.culturaldifferences

D.economicinterests

问题2选项

A.compellingbyforce

B.compensatingtheloss

C.comingtotermsbynegotiation

D.reconcilingbyacompromise

问题3选项

A.TheLexingtonCampaign.

B.TheContinentalCongress.

C.TheDeclarationofIndependence.

D.TheFrenchAmericanalliance.

问题4选项

A.Russian

B.French

C.British

D.Australian

问题5选项

A.ThetransportofprisonerstoAustralia.

B.Thecreationofnewstategovernments.

C.EventsleadinguptotheAmericanRevolution.

D.HowCanadaandtheUnitedStatesbecamefriends.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句提到到了18世纪中叶，殖民地和母国之间在生活、思想，尤其是经济利益方面形成了差异（Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,differencesinlife,thought,andespeciallyeconomicinterestshadformedbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry），由此可知，殖民地与母国发生冲突最大的原因是因为经济利益。选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。根据FightingeruptedonApril9,1775atLexingtonConcord，战争爆发是由于母国的武力强制，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到萨拉托大捷帮助建立了法美联盟，为殖民地人民带来了至关重要的援助（ThecolonialvictoryintheSaratogaCampaignhelpedforgeaFrench-Americanalliance,whichbroughtvitalaidtothecolonists），因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。文章第三段提到加拿大的第一大批讲英语的流入人口来自于成千上万英王的效忠者，这些人从美国逃到了加拿大（OnewasCanada,whichreceiveditsfirstlargeinfluxofEnglish-speakingpopulationfromthethousandsofloyalistswhofledtherefromtheUnitedStates），可知这些逃到加拿大的人是英国王室的效忠者，所以选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“接下来的一段最可能讨论什么问题？”最后讲述了政治的颠覆并不像人们想象的那样具有革命性。以一些州为例，战争在很大程度上认可了已经存在的殖民自治，英国官员被地方统治阶级代替。选项B“新的州政府的建立”与最后一段关系密切，符合题意。

13.单选题

Theprodigalsonspenthismoneyextravagantlyandsoonafterhelefthomehewasreducedtoabeggar.

问题1选项

A.lavishly

B.economically

C.thriftily

D.extrovertly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。extravagantly在句中是“挥霍无度地”；A选项lavishly“浪费地”；B选项economically“经济地，经济学地”；C项thriftily“节俭地”；D选项extrovertly“外向地”。句意：这个浪子挥霍钱财，离家不久就沦为乞丐。根据选项，只有A项符合。

14.单选题

Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideatoproveyourpoint.

问题1选项

A.revising

B.contradicting

C.distorting

D.distracting

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项revise“修正、复习、校订”；B项contradict“反驳、否定”；C项distort“扭曲、曲解”；D项distract“转移、分心”；句意：我根本没有那样说，你故意曲解我的观点以证明你的论点。因此该题C项正确。

15.单选题

（

）tellermachineshavereducedtheneedforbankvisitstoobtaincashandcarryout

transactions.

问题1选项

A.Correlated

B.Automated

C.Incorporated

D.Prototyped

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。correlated意为“相互关系的”；automated意为“自动化的”；incorporated意为“组成公司的”；prototyped意为“原型的”。

句意：自动取款机减少了去银行提取现金和进行交易的需要。

16.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

如今，计算机在社会上起着重要的作用。他们明显地改变了我们工作、学习和购物的方式。但是，尽管计算机产业正给我们带来以往梦想不到的好处，它也造成一些严重的问题。譬如说，人们越来越担心电力通讯方面不道德的行为。盗版、窃取数据以及病毒破坏活动十分猖獗。这些行为应视作为犯罪吗？我们怎样才能制止这些行为？人们的另一个忧虑与过分依赖计算机有关。计算机不像人们想象的那样可靠，因特网上的猎息有可能是虚假的。更糟糕的是，过度依赖计算机也许会削弱我们进行挑剔思维的能力，还会在人们之间造成陣碍。

受海啸影响最轻的马来西亚，在海啸发生后，当地的第二大支柱产业一一旅游业一一大受影响。1月19日马来西亚旅游部门的相关官员就表示，政府也在积极地采取对策，希望能尽快地恢复各国游客的信心。马来西亚旅游局官员表示，海啸中马来西亚没有外国游客死亡，旅游设施也完好，受影响的西岸一些酒店己经正常营业。

【答案】Nowadays,computersplayanimportantroleinoursociety.Theyobviouslychangethewaywework,studyandshop.However,computerindustryisofferingbenefitsthatweneverdreamedofbefore,italsoleadstosomeseriousproblems.Forinstance,thereisanincreasingconcernoverunethicalbehaviorinelectroniccommunication.Piracy,hackingandvirussabotagearerampant.Shouldthesebehaviorsberegardedascrimes?Howcanwestopthem?Theotherproblemisaboutoverrelianceoncomputers.Computersarenotasreliableaspeoplethink.InformationontheInternetmaybefalse.What’sworse,overreliancemayimpairourcriticalthinking,andsetupbarriersbetweenpeople.

Tourism,thesecondbiggestpillarindustryinMalaysia,wasaffectedafterthetsunamiwhichbroughtleastdamagetoMalaysia.OnJan.19,therelevantofficialsofMalaysiantourismdepartmentsaidthatthegovernmentwasactivelytakingcountermeasures,expectingtorestoringconfidenceoftouristsfromdifferentcountries.Theofficialssaidthatnoforeigntouristsdiedandtourismfacilitieswereintact.Somehotelsdamagedonthewesterncoasthaveoperatednormally.

17.单选题

Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnational（）toagriculturethanmostothercountries.

问题1选项

A.resources

B.potential

C.budget

D.economy

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resources“资源”；B选项potential“潜力”；C选项budget“预算”；D选项economy“经济”。句意：该国政府投入农业的财政（）比其他大多数国家都多。此处表达的意思是“财政预算比其他国家多”，因此C选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Tomwastotally（

）whenhereceivedaContheexaminhistory,forhewaspositivethathecouldhavegotanA.

问题1选项

A.elated

B.frustrated

C.incited

D.contented

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当汤姆得知历史考试得了个C后，非常沮丧，因为他自信地认为可以得A。elate“得意”；frustrate“沮丧”；incite“煽动”；content“使满足”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

A（

）examinationisonewhichisinpreparationforsomething.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.premature

C.preferable

D.preliminary

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。predominant“主要的，卓越的”；premature“早产的，不成熟的”；preferable“更好的，更可取的”；preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。

句意：初试是为某事做准备的一种考试。选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

（

）thereislittlewecandotomodifytheweather,wecanatleastknowwhatkindofweathertoexpect.

问题1选项

A.Since

B.When

C.While

D.Unless

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这句话空格同样考查