考研考博-英语-中央戏剧学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央戏剧学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。

【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.

2.单选题

OnemotivationalanalystwhobecamecurioustoknowtherehadbeensuchagreatriseinimpulsebuyingatsupermarketswasJamesVicary.Hesuspectedthatsomespecialpsychologymustbegoingoninsidethewomenastheyshoppedinsupermarkets.Hissuspicionwasthatperhapstheyunderwentsuchanincreaseintensionwhenconfrontedwithsomanypossibilitiesthattheywereforcedintomakingquickpurchases.Hesetouttofindoutifthisweretrue.Thebestwaytodetectwhatwasgoingoninsidetheshopperwasthroughtheuseofagalvanometerorliedetector.Thatobviouslywasimpractical.Thenextbestthingwastouseahiddenmotion-picturecameraandrecordtheeye-blinkrateofthewomenastheyshopped.Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension.Theaverageperson,accordingtoMr.Vicary,normallyblinkshiseyesabout32timesaminute.Ifheistense,heblinksthemmorefrequently;and,underextremetension,hemayblinkupto50or60timesaminute.Ifheisnotablyrelaxed,ontheotherhand,hiseye-blinkratemaydroptoasubnormaltwentyorless.

Mr.Vicarysetuphiscamerasandstartedfollowingtheladiesastheyenteredthestore.Theresultswerestartling,eventohim.Theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute.TheladiesfellintowhatMr.Vicarycallsahypnoidaltrance,alightkindoftrancethat,heexplains,isthefirststageofhypnosis.Mr.Vicaryhasdecidedthatthemaincauseofthetranceisthatthesupermarketispackedwithproductswhichinformeryearswouldhavebeenitemsonlykingsandqueenscouldhaveaffordedandhereinthisfairylandtheywereavailabletoall.Mr.Vicarytheorizes:’’Justwithinthisgeneration,anyonecanbeakingorqueenandgothroughthesestoreswheretheproductssay'buymebuyme”.

1.Vicary'scuriositywasarousedbythefactthat

（

）.

2.Accordingtothearticle,eye-blinkrateisanindicationof（

）.

3.Mr.Vicary’stest

（

）.

4.Afterhistests,Mr.Vicaryconcludedthat

（

）.

5.Thearticleimpliedbutnotstated（

）.

问题1选项

A.therewasadecreaseinsalesinsupermarkets

B.womenwereshowingstrongresistancetoproductsinsupermarkets

C.thereseemedtobenologicinwomen’sbuyinghabits

D.womenwereshoppingverycarefully

问题2选项

A.thetruthorfalsityofastatement

B.thementalabilityofaperson

C.bloodpressure

D.theemotionalstateofaperson

问题3选项

A.provedhisoriginalhypothesistobetrue

B.provedthatthetensionofawomanshopper,afterenteringstore,decreasedratherthanincreased

C.nullifiedtheeye-blinkrateasameasurementoftension

D.showedthatawoman’sreactiontotheproductsinasupermarketisimpossibletodetermine.

问题4选项

A.shoppingwasapttocreateseriousnervousdisorders

B.asupermarketisfantasticplace

C.womenareentrancedbythemanywonderfulitemsavailableinsupermarkets

D.womendevelopaninferioritycomplexwheninsupermarkets

问题5选项

A.Quickpurchasesaretheresultofinnertension

B.Thefirststageofhypnosisisalighttrance

C.Researchconductedbymotivationanalysiscandisprovetheiroriginalpremises

D.Supermarketsseekingafairylandatmosphereshouldinstallhiddenmoviecameras

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一段提到Vicaiy对女性冲动购物越来越好奇，从而想去探究一番，选项A“超市上销量减少”，选项B“女性对超市产品表现出强烈的抵制”，选项D“女性购物很谨慎”，这三个都不是引发这位研究者好奇心的原因，选项C符合题意。

2.文章第一段Howfastapersonblinkshiseyesisaprettygoodindexofhisstateofinnertension提到眨眼睛的频率可以反映一个人内心的紧张程度，选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段提到Vicary拿起了隐藏的摄像机，进入了商店。通过实践得知，并没有像他预想的那样，女性进入商店后，她们的眨眼率没有增加，而是减少了(theireye-blinkrate,insteadofgoinguptoindicatemountingtension,wentdownanddown,toaverysubnormalfourteenblinksaminute)，选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段提到女性进入商店后，进入了一种Vicarys称之为催眠的状态。Vicary认为超市中摆满了在以前只有王室才用得起的商品，而现在一般人都可以用，而这就是使女性进入催眠的缘由，选项C“女性为超市里那些商品着迷”符合题意。

5.题干的要求是文章暗含了但是没有写出来的是什么。文章讲述了Vicary出于对女性冲动购物的好奇而用影藏摄像机在超市进行跟拍，想根据女性购物使眨眼的次数来判断她们购物时的紧张程度。但是跟他预期不同的是，她们眨眼的次数不但没有上升，反而下降了，原因是女性在购物的时候，全身放松，非常舒坦。所以这个结果推翻了原来的结论，选项C符合题意。

3.填空题

Threebroadcategoriesofterroristcrimemaybedistinguished,notinlegalterms,butwithintention.

Foremostistheuseofviolenceandthethreatofviolencetocreatepublicfear.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Cwithintention改为byintention

【解析】【考查点】被动语态。

【解题思路】根据bedistinguished，可知此句为被动语态，byintention指的是通过意图来区分。

【句意】恐怖主义犯罪的三大类可以通过意图而不是法律术语加以区分。其中最重要的是使用暴力和暴力威胁来制造公众恐惧。

4.单选题

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall“feedbackmechanisms”.Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here’soneexample:plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetationmaynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSR,andScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofC02andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible“feedbackmechanisms”.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe“albedo”effect,willdotheopposite.The“albedo”effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokesthrough,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.

Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.Inthedevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld’spopulation.Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjust7percentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

1.“Feedbackmechanisms”inParagraph1mostprobablyreferto（

）.

2.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby（

）.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

问题2选项

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

问题3选项

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption 

问题4选项

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofC02yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalanceifwestoppedgreenhouse-gasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

问题5选项

A.MaterialProgressandEnergyConsumption.

B.ProsperityandCheapFossilFuels.

C.ImpactofGlobalWarmingonClimate.

D.PlantsandAnimalsintheChangingClimate.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，作者举出了植物和动物适应气候变化的例子。气温上升可能对植被的生长带来不利影响，气候区的移动会使处于陌生环境下的物种死亡。濒临死亡的植被会引发火灾释放大量的二氧化碳，从而进一步加剧全球变暖。可判断出第一段主要讨论了动植物和气候变化之间的相互作用和相互关系。所谓的“反馈机制”就是这种相互作用的关系。选项B符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometersayear―fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.”，可知气候学家詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区将以每年50至75公里的速度向两极移动，比树的自然移动速度要快。而且发现自己身处陌生环境的物种将会死亡。可判断出詹姆斯•汉森预测，气候区域的变化将伴随着树木不成功地迁移。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Therearedozensofotherpossible‘feedbackmechanisms’.Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.”，可知还有许多其他的反馈机制。更高的温度将加剧凝结并增加云层，这实际上可能会减缓全球变暖。可判断出一些反馈机制可能会减缓全球变暖。选项A符合题意。

4.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Theaveragerichworldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofC02yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.”，可知富裕国家居民平均每年向大气中排放3.2吨二氧化碳，是第三世界居民人均排放量的四倍多。可判断出一个第三世界国家的居民每年向大气中排放的二氧化碳还不到一吨。选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章第一段主要讨论了动植物和全球气候变暖之间的相互作用和相互关系，着重讨论气候变暖给动植物带来的影响。第二段主要提到有些反馈机制也能减缓全球变暖，而有些反馈机制会加快气温上升。最后提到富国比第三世界国家的二氧化碳排放量要更多，这是因为物质进步与能源消耗有关。综上所述，整篇文章主题为全球变暖对气候的影响。选项C符合题意。

5.单选题

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.

问题1选项

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词性从句。分析句子，可知句中缺少主语，因此用what引导名词性从句并在句中作主语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分。

句意：在漫长的等待之后，轮到他进入人事经理办公室了。

6.单选题

The______ofmaterialismhasdominatedthethinkingofyoungpeopleandledthemtopursueasmuchpersonalgainsaspossible.

问题1选项

A.lure

B.tempt

C.seduce

D.induce

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.lure吸引力；诱惑力n.B.tempt引诱；诱惑v.

C.seduce诱奸v.D.induce劝说；诱使v.

【考查点】名词和动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，The______ofmaterialism是句子的主语，主语应该为名词、代词或名词性短语，所以空格处要填入一个名词，故只有A项符合条件。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都是动词，不符合句子语法结构。

【句意】物质主义的诱惑主导了年轻人的思想，使他们尽可能地追求个人利益。

7.单选题

（）onlyonemovingsoulinthecenterofalltheorbitsthatisthesunwhichdrivestheplanetsthemorevigorouslytheclosertheplanetis.

问题1选项

A.Asexists

B.Althoughexisting

C.Thereexists

D.Whereexisting

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。C选项的thereexist是therebe句型的变形。需认清句中关系词that的先行词是onemovingsoul。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Itwouldbe（）tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.

问题1选项

A.subtle

B.feeble

C.nasty

D.naive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。subtle“微妙的，精细的”；feeble“微弱的，无力的”；nasty“肮脏的”；naive“天真的”。句意：以为那样便可以解决这个领域所有问题真的是太天真了。选项D符合题意。

9.不定项选择题

Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.

Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive(认知的)behavioraltherapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.

TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.

AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized(随机的)controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcarefromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground,severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofantidepressants(抗抑郁药).

Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.

“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick,aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool.“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”

Beingdepressedcanmeanfeeling“lostinyourownsmall,negative,darkworld,”Dowricksays.Havingaperson,insteadofacomputer,reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation.“Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing,”hesays.

1.WhatdoestherecentstudysayaboutonlineCBTprograms?

2.WhathasmadeonlineCBTprogramsincreasinglypopular?

3.WhatisthemajorfindingbyresearchersattheUniversityofYork?

4.WhatisProfessorDowrick’sadviceconcerningonlineCBTprograms?

5.Whatismoreimportanttoanemotionallyvulnerableperson?

问题1选项

A.Patientsmaynotbeabletocarrythemthroughforeffectivecure.

B.Patientscannotengagewiththemwithouttheuseofacomputer.

C.Theycansavepatientstroublevisitingphysicians.

D.Theyhavebeenwellreceivedbyalotofpatients.

问题2选项

A.Theireffectivenessincombatingdepression.

B.Thelowefficiencyoftraditionaltalktherapy.

C.Theireasyandinexpensiveaccessbypatients.

D.Therecommendationbyprimarycaredoctors.

问题3选项

A.OnlineCBTprogramsarenomoreeffectivethanregularcarefromphysicians.

B.Theprocessoftreatingdepressionisoftenmorecomplicatedthananticipated.

C.ThecombinationoftraditionalCBTandcomputerizedCBTismosteffective.

D.Depressionisamentalconditionwhichistobetreatedwithextremecaution.

问题4选项

A.Theyshouldnotbeneglectedinprimarycare.

B.Theireffectivenessshouldnotbeoverestimated.

C.Theyshouldbeusedbystrictlyfollowinginstructions.

D.Theiruseshouldbeencouragedbydoctorsandtherapists.

问题5选项

A.Apositivestateofmind.

B.Appropriatemedication.

C.Timelyencouragement.

D.Humaninteraction.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干意思是“最近的研究对在线认知行为疗法项目说了什么？”。根据题干关键词recentstudy和onlineCBT定位到文章第一段第二句arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.（最近的一项研究表明它们并不有效，主要是因为抑郁症患者不太可能与它们接触或坚持使用），结合第二段foundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor（发现它对抑郁症的治疗效果并不比初级保健医生给患者提供的普通护理更有效），由此可知，在线CBT项目并不比医生提供的护理更有效，而且抑郁症患者不太会与之建立有意义的联系或者坚持使用，所以A项“病人或许不能为了有效治疗而坚持到最后”符合题意。B项“如果不使用电脑，患者就无法与它们交流”，原文提到的是患者不太可能和它们交流，B项错误；C项“它们可以省去病人去看医生的麻烦”和D项“它们得到了很多患者的好评”在这两段没有提及。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“是什么让在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎？”。根据第三段最后一句However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.（然而，在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎，因为它可以在任何可以使用电脑的地方提供低成本的帮助）可知，在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎是因为只要使用电脑，就可以获得低成本的帮助，故C项“病人可以方便和便宜地获得它们”正确。A项“它们对抗抑郁症的有效性”，文章前两段还提到了在线CBT项目对抑郁症的治疗效果并不比初级保健医生给患者提供的普通护理更有效，所以A项表述错误；第三段第一句提到TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression（传统的CBT被认为是治疗抑郁症的一种有效的谈话疗法）可知B项“传统谈话疗法的低效率”错误；D项“初级保健医生的建议”文中没有提及。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“约克大学研究人员的主要发现是什么？”。根据题干可定位到文章第四段，该段介绍了这个实验的内容，接着第五段讲述了这个研究的发现，Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.（四个月后，使用计算机化的CBT程序的患者的抑郁水平没有比只接受医生常规治疗的患者有所改善）可知，A项“在线CBT项目并不比医生的常规护理更有效”正确。B项“治疗抑郁症的过程往往比预期的更复杂”和D项“抑郁是一种精神状况，需要极其谨慎的治疗”在这两段没有体现；C项“传统CBT与计算机化CBT相结合是最有效的”，该项是无中生有，文章并没有体现两种CBT结合治疗的有效性。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第4题:细节推理题。题干意思是“关于在线CBT项目，多瑞克教授有什么建议？”。根据题干定位到文章第六段，“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick…“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”（多瑞克说：“这是一个重要的警示，我们不应该过度沉迷于计算机系统可以取代医生和治疗师的想法，我们仍然需要人与人之间的接触或互动，尤其是在人们抑郁的时候”），由此我们可知，多瑞克教授认为治疗抑郁症仍然需要人与人的面对面交流，不应纯粹的依赖计算机，因为它们的效力没有想象的高，所以B项“它们的效力不应该被高估”符合题意。A项“在初级保健中不应忽视它们”和D项“医生和治疗师应该鼓励使用它们”内容与原文不符；C项“应该严格按照说明书使用它们”文章没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“对一个情感脆弱的人来说，什么更重要？”。文章最后一句话提到Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing.（当你情绪脆弱时，你更需要有人关心你），可知对一个情感脆弱的人来说，人们之间的交流和关心是最重要的，所以D项“人际互动”正确。A项“积极的心态”和B项“适当的药物”不符合原文意思；C项“及时鼓励”只是其中一个方面，太片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

10.单选题

Ofrecentinventions,itisperhapsthemotorcarwhichhas

ourlivesmorethananythingelse.

问题1选项

A.transformed

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transplanted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transformed“转变”；transmitted“传输”；transferred“转移”；transplanted“移植”。句意：在最近的发明中，也许汽车比其他任何东西都更能改变我们的生活。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

The（

）ofmedicalknowledgeisbeingpushedfartheronwardsastimegoeson

问题1选项

A.potential

B.multitude

C.frontier

D.leap

【答案】C

【解析】句意:随着时间的推移,医学知识的前沿正在向前推进。只有选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

问题2选项

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

问题3选项

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

问题4选项

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

问题5选项

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因为国家的巨大权力被用来促进各种意识形态的目的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”选项A错误；根据第一段的倒数第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不仅仅是文化问题,所以选项B也错误；选项C符合原文,选项D在文中没有提及。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知选项A正确；根据第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知选项B正确；根据第二段的倒数第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知选项D正确,只要选项C在文中未提及。

4.根据原文内容可知。本文的两个关键词是政治和文化,所以选项B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,选项A正确。

13.单选题

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

问题1选项

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项invasive“侵入的”；B选项belligerent“好战的”；C选项progressive“进步的”；D选项enterprising“有进取心的”。句意：在当今竞争激烈的就业市场上，人们，尤其是年轻人需要有进取心和勤奋。划线部分aggressive是有进取心的意思。因此D选项正确。

14.单选题

Thewordofscienceisheardsoofteninmoderntimesthatalmosteverybodyhassomenotionofitsmeaning.Ontheotherhand,itsdefinitionisdifficultformanypeople.Themeaningofthetermisconfusing,buteveryoneshouldunderstanditsmeaningandobjectives.Justtomaketheexplanationassimpleaspossible,supposescienceisdefinedasclassifiedknowledge.

Eveninthetruesciencesdistinguishingfactfromfictionisnotalwayseasy.Forthisreasongreatcareshouldbetakentodistinguishbetweenbeliefsandtruths.Thereisnodangeraslongasacleardifferenceismadebetweentemporaryandprovedexplanations.Forexample,hypothesesandtheoriesareattemptstoexplainnaturalphenomena.Fromthesepositionsthescientistcontinuestoexperimentandobserveuntiltheyareprovedordiscredited.Theexactstatusofanyexplanationshouldbeclearlylabeledtoavoidconfusion.Theobjectivesofscienceareprimarilythediscoveryandthesubsequentunderstandingoftheunknown.Mancannotbesatisfiedwithrecognizingthatsecretsexistinnatureorthatquestionsareunanswerable;hemustsolvethem.Towardthatendspecialistsinthefieldofbiologyandrelatedfieldsofinterestaredirectingmuchoftheirtimeandenergy.

Actually,twobasicapproachesleadtothediscoveryofnewinformation.One,aimedatsatisfyingcuriosity,isreferredtoaspurescience.Theotheraimedatusingknowledgeforspecificpurposes---forinstance,improvinghealth,raisingstandardsofliving,orcreatingnewconsumerproducts.Inthiscaseknowledgeisputtoeconomicuse.Suchanapproachisreferredtoasappliedscience.

Sometimespractical-mindedpeoplemissthepointofpurescienceinthinkingonlyofitsimmediateapplicationforeconomicrewards.Chemistsresponsibleformanyofthediscoveriescouldhardlyhaveanticipatedthattheirfindingswouldonedayresultinapplicationsofsuchapracticalnatureasthosedirectlyrelatedtolifeanddeath.Thediscoveryofonebitofinformationopensthedoorofthediscoveryofanother.Somediscoveriesseemsosimplethatoneisamazedtheywerenotmadeyearsago:howeveroneshouldrememberthattheconstructionofthemicroscopehadtoprecedethediscoveryofthecell.Thehostsofscientistsdedicatingtheirlivestopuresciencearenotapologeticaboutignoringthepracticalsideoftheirdiscoveries;theyknowfromexperiencethatmostknowledgeiseventuallyapplied.

1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesaboutpurescienceistrue?

2.Ascientistinterestedingeneralknowledgeaboutoxygenwouldprobablycallthisapproach（

）.

3.WhichoftheFollowingdoestheauthorimply?

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Itmayleadtoantiscientific,"impure"results.

B