考研考博-英语-太原工业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原工业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

我们的大多数感觉都是被动式的。以听觉和视觉为例，我们只是简单地接受和分析声音或光线。然而，触觉则有所不同：我们用双手主动地去探索和改变现实，因此我们在采集信息时的活动同样也可以改变世界…例如用一块粘土塑模或按动某个按钮。在提供人与人之间的直接接触中，触觉传递情感冲击；在提供人与世界的直接接触中，触觉成为现实的确切标志，正如：“掐我一下----我是在做梦吗？”

【答案】Mostoursensesarepassive.Takinghearingandvisionasanexample,weonlysimplyreceiveandanalyzethesoundandlight.Touch,however,isdifferent.Weexploreandchangerealitywithourhandsvoluntarilyandthereforewecanalsochangetheworldwhilecollectinginformation,suchasmakingamodelwithclayorpressingabutton.Asameansofdirectcontactbetweenpeople,touchtransmitsemotionaleffect;inthedirectcontactbetweenmanandtheworld,touchbecomesasignofreality,suchas“pleasepinchme,amIdreaming?”

2.单选题

Whenhetriedtomakea_______,hefoundthatthehotelthathewantedwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

问题1选项

A.complaint

B.claim

C.reservation

D.lodging

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项complaint“抱怨，控诉”；B选项claim“宣称，声称”；C选项reservation“预约，预订”；D选项lodging“寄宿，借宿”。根据thehotelwascompletelyfilled（酒店客满了）可知C选项符合语义，makeareservation表示“预订”。句意：当他试图预订时，他发现他想要的旅馆因为一个会议而客满。

3.单选题

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

问题1选项

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否认，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否认做某事，否认做过某事，拒绝做某事”。句意：阿莱科否认偷了玛丽的小羊，因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Modern-daybusinessreallydoestranscendnationalbarriers.ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.Theworldisindisputablybecomingasmallerplace,asserviceandmanufacturingcompaniessearchtheinternationalmarketplacefornewsuppliersandclients.Businessesmust,however,beawarethatoncetheyexpandtheareainwhichtheyoperate,theyfaceincreasedcompetition.Thestandardandqualityoftheirgoodsbecomeincreasinglyimportantinkeepingupwithcompetitors.Butmostofall,itistheserviceelementaccompanyingthegoodswhichiscrucialtoacompany’ssuccessinaparticularmarket.Thisnewphilosophyhasledtomanycompanies,someofwhichhaveevenofferedproductsofalesserquality,gainingsuccessoverseas.

Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesense,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processes,andstandards.Thesearenotafunctionofeconomicchanges,butaremoredeep-rootedanddifficulttoalter.Theycanbeamajorproblemforbusinessesexpandingabroad,withthegreatestobstacleofallbeingthelanguagebarrier.Ifyouhavetodealwithclients,suppliersanddistributorsinarangeofcountries,youwillnotonlyneedtheskillstocommunicatewiththem,youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.

Thevalueofeffectivecommunicationisnottobeunderestimated.Nevtechnologysuchasvideoconferencingandemailhasplayedapartinmakingthecommunicationprocesseasier,anditmayalsobepossiblethattheintroductionoflanguageinterpretationsoftwarewillhelpwithsomeglobalcommunicationsproblems.But,ofcourse,itisthehumanelementofthecommunicationprocessthatissovitalinbusiness,especiallyinnegotiations,presentationsandteam-building.Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners,sothatissuescanbediscussed,messagescommunicatedandfeedbackobtained.

Thevalueofwell-organizedlanguagetrainingisimmense,andcanbringbenefitstoalllevelsanddepartmentswithinamultinationalorganization.Unfortunately,however,manyorganizationshaveaverynarrowviewwhenitcomestotrainingofanykind.Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.Then,atrainingcompanyisemployedoraprogramisdevelopedin-house,theteamistrained,andthatisseenastheendofthematter.However,thefactremainsthattrainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbreeder,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.

Changesinexpectationsandattitudesarecertain,tocontinueforcompaniesthattradeglobally.Althoughsuchcompaniesarenotyetfacedwiththeirinternationalpartnersandclientsdemandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast,ifthesecompanieswanttocontinuetoachievesuccessontheinternationaltradingcircuit,theymustbepreparedtoadapttosituationsandspeakthelocallanguage.Ifnot,someoneelsewill.

11.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,improvedcommunicationshaveenabledcompaniesto（）.

12.Approachestodoingbusinessvarybetweencountriesbecauseof（）.

13.Thewriterthinksthattheuseofmoderntechnologywill（）.

14.Acommonweaknessoftrainingcoursesisthatthey（）.

15.Whyshouldcompaniesdobusinessinthelanguageofthecountriestheyareoperatingin?

问题1选项

A.offerawidervarietyofproductsandservices

B.expandbeyondtheirdomesticmarkets

C.performbetterthantheirinternationalcompetitors

D.openoremanufacturingfacilitiesabroad

问题2选项

A.localeconomicconsiderations

B.strongwishestoremainindependent

C.theexistenceofculturaldifferences

D.regulationsaboutbusinesspractices

问题3选项

A.speeduptheprocessoflanguageinterpretation

B.notleadtogreatercommunicationbetweencompaniesandclients

C.helpsolvetheproblemsinvolvedinmaintainingstrongteams

D.neverreplacetheneedforface-to-faceinteraction

问题4选项

A.aredevelopedbythewrongteam

B.donotgivegoodvalueformoney

C.areprovidedonlyifthereisanimmediateneed

D.donotdealwithacompany’sspecificrequirements

问题5选项

A.topreventothercompaniestakingtheirbusiness

B.tohelpthemfindnewinternationalpartners

C.tomeetclients’currentexpectations

D.tobecomemoreawareoftheircompetitors’activities

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】11.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第三句话ThankstosophisticatedITandcommunicationssystems,businessescannowmarkettheirproductsonatrulyglobalscale.（感谢精密的IT和沟通系统，企业现在可以在一个真正的全球规模上开发它们的产品市场。）这其中global是个关键的暗示，可以联想到海外市场，因此B选项“在国内市场以外的地方扩张”正确。A选项“提供更多种类的产品和服务”、C选项“比国际竞争对手表现更好”两项在原文中并未提及；D选项“在国外开设更多生产设施”，文中只说了可以在海外扩张，没有提到开设更多的生产设备。

12.事实细节题。根据题干定位至第二段开头一段话Althoughglobalizationmay,insomesenses,havebroughtnationaleconomiesclosertogether,societiesaroundtheworldstillhaveradicallydifferentexpectations,processesandstandards.（虽然全球化可能在某种意义上使国家经济更加密切，但世界各地仍有着极度不同的期望、过程和标准）；后面又提到了一句youwillalsoneedtoreconcileanynationalbiasesyouhavewiththediversewaysofdoingbusinessthatexistaroundtheglobe.（你需要用不同的做生意的方式来与民族偏见和解）。这一段整体讲的就是要克服沟通上的障碍，理解了内容不难作答。因此C选项“原因是文化差异的存在”，与原文所表达的意思相符，正确。A选项“当地的经济因素”；B选项“强烈希望保持独立”以及D选项“有关商业惯例的规例”都不是原文的观点。

13.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段，前面介绍说新技术，比如视频会议和电子邮件，会使沟通过程更简单。并且语言翻译软件（languageinterpretationsoftware）会帮助解决一些国际沟通问题。后面一个BUT，才真正揭示了答案，说在沟通过程中人的作用是至关重要的。Itisessentialformanagerstomeetregularlywithstaff,customersandpartners.（经理们定期会见员工、客户和合作伙伴是很有必要的），从这一句可以看出作者的真正态度，是认为当面交流仍然很重要，因此D选项“现代技术永远也无法替代面对面互动的需要”正确。A选项“加快语言口译的过程”，不是作者真正的观点；B选项“不能促进公司和客户之间的交流”，不正确，作者还是认为现代技术是有用的，只是不能够完全取代当面交流；C选项“帮助解决维护强大团队所涉及的问题”，是无关项。

14.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位至第四段Often,anurgentrequirementhastobeidentifiedbeforetrainingisauthorized.（通常，在授权培训之前必须确定紧急需求），可知确认有迫切的需要时培训才会被批准。作者认为很多公司的培训有些急功近利，trainingprogrammesareeffectiveonlyiftheyarerelevanttoacompany’sbroader,long-termneeds.Theyshouldberegardedasaninvestmentratherthanacost.（培训计划只有在与公司更广泛、更长期的需要相关时才有效。它们应该被视为一种投资，而不是一种成本）。因此C选项“培训的缺点是：只有迫切需要时才会被提供”正确，其中immediateneed与原文urgentrequirement相照应。A选项“是由错误的团队开发的”，过度推断，原文并未给出相关表达；B选项“没有物有所值”，不正确；D选项“不处理公司的具体要求”，没有提及。

15.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段demandingthatbusinessbeconductedintheirmothertongue,theyrealizethatoverseascompetitionisincreasingfast.（客户要求他们使用母语，这些公司也意识到海外竞争逐渐激烈。）还有最后一句Ifnot,someoneelsewill.（如果他们不说当地的语言，其他人会说的。）意思就是如果你不使用当地的语言做生意，其他人会取而代之的。因此A选项“防止其他公司占领了他们的业务”正确。B选项“帮助他们找到新的国际合作伙伴”，原文没有提及；C选项“满足客户当前的期望”，不是他们的目的；D选项“更多地了解竞争对手的活动”，也不是他们的根本目的。

5.单选题

Physicsis（

）tothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.

问题1选项

A.alike

B.equivalent

C.likely

D.uniform

【答案】B

【解析】句意:物理学也相当于一门科学，在历史上，这门科学被称为自然哲学。

考查形容词辨析。alike相同的，相似的；equivalent相等的，相同的；likely可能的，预料的，有希望的；uniform一致的，统一的。故B符合句意。

6.单选题

Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccused,offailureto（）thetroopstothepossibilityofanenemyattackduringtheweekend.

问题1选项

A.instruct

B.warn

C.dictate

D.alert

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项instruct“指导，通知”；B选项warn“警告（偏向于告诫）”；C选项dictate“命令，口述”；D选项alert“使警觉，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情报部门被指控未能在周末向部队（）敌人可能发动袭击的情况。本句的句意是要表达“情报部门没有及时通报让部队警觉”，因此D选项符合题意。

7.翻译题

Thisissupposedtobeanenlightenedage,butyouwouldn’tthinkifyoucouldhearwhattheaveragemanthinksoftheaveragewoman!Womenwontheirindependenceyearsago.Afteralong,bitterstruggle,theynowenjoythesameeducationalopportunitiesasmeninmostpartsoftheworld.(1)Theyhaveprovedrepeatedlythattheyareequalandoftensuperiortomeninalmosteveryfield.Itismen,notwomenwhostillcarryonthesexwarbecausetheirattituderemainsbasicallyhostile.Eveninthemostprogressivesocieties,womencontinuetoberegardedassecond-ratecitizens.Tohearsomementalk,you’dthinkthatwomenbelongedtoadifferentspecies.(2)Thehard-foughtbattleforrecognitionhasbeenwon,butitisbynomeansover.

Onthesurface,thecommentsmadebymenaboutwomen’sabilitiesseemlight-hearted.Thesametiredjokesaboutwomendriversarerepeateddayin,dayout.Thisapparentlight-heartednessdosenotconcealtherealcontemptthatmenfeelforwomen.Howevermuchmensneeratwomen,theirclaimstosuperiorityarenotborneoutbystatistics.(3)Weallknowthatwomencausefarfeweraccidentsthanmen.Theyaretooconscientiousandresponsibletodrivelikemaniacs(疯子).Butthisisaminorquibble.Womenhavesucceededinanyjobyoucaretoname.Aspoliticians,soldiers,doctors,factory-hands,universityprofessors,farmers,companydirectors,lawyers,bus-conductors,scientistsandpresidentsofcountriestheyhaveoftenputmentoshame.Andwemustrememberthattheyfrequentlysucceedbrilliantlyinallthesefieldsinadditiontobearingandrearingchildren.

(4)Yetmengoonmaintainingthefictionthattherearemanyjobswomencan’tdo.Top-levelpoliticalnegotiationbetweencountries,businessandbankingarealmostentirelycontrolledbymen,whojealouslyguardtheirso-called“rights”.EveninotherwiseenlightenedplaceslikeSwitzerlandwomenhaven’tevenbeengiventhecote.

Thetruthisthatmenclingtotheirsupremacybecauseoftheirbasicinferioritycomplex.Theyshunrealcompetition.Theyknowintheirheartsthatwomenaresuperiorandtheyareafraidofbeingbeatenattheirowngame.Oneofthemostimportanttasksintheworldistoachievepeacebetweenthenations.(5)Youcanbesurethatifwomenwereallowedtositroundtheconferencetable,theywouldsucceedbrilliantly,astheyalwaysdo,theremenhavefailedforcenturies.

【答案】1.她们一再证明自己几乎在所有领域都与男性平等，甚至往往优于男性。

2.这场为获得认可而进行的艰苦斗争已经取得胜利，但远未结束。

3.众所周知，女性发生的事故比男性少得多。因为她们开车非常认真负责，不会像疯子一样没有理智。

4.然而，男性仍然坚持认定许多工作女性做不了的假象。

5.可以肯定的是，如果允许女性坐在会议桌旁，在这个男性已经失败了几个世纪的地方，女性会如往常一样取得辉煌的成功。

8.单选题

Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.double

C.illustrated

D.legible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。duplicate表示“复制的”。A项identical“同一的，完全相同的”，B项double“双倍的”，C项illustrated“有插图的”，D项legible“清晰的，易辨认的”。句意：现代印刷设备能迅速生产出文字和图片的复制品。根据句意，该题选A正确。

9.单选题

Itisbelievedthatthewayto（）Europe’sR&Dinnovationliesinacollaborativeapproach,featuringbothpublicandprivateparties.

问题1选项

A.override

B.avert

C.reinvigorate

D.ownupto

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项override“推翻；不顾；践踏”；B选项avert“避免，防止；转移”；C选项reinvigorate“使再振作，使复兴”；D选项ownupto“承认；承认错误，坦白”。句意：人们认为，重振欧洲研发创新的途径在于公私双方共同参与的合作方式。本句表示“使欧洲研发创新重振的途径”，因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Theideaoftravelingthrough（

）spacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeopletoday.

问题1选项

A.a

B.the

C./

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】考查冠词。句意：漫游太空去另一个星球这个想法现在引起了很多人的兴趣。

sun、star一样是物质名词，是独一无二的事物，所以前面应该加定冠词the，因此答案选C。特指世界上独一无二的事物或自然现象。但space表示“太空”，nature表示“大自然”时，均不能与冠词连用。

11.单选题

Manyadultsmaythinktheyaregettingenoughshut-eye,butinamajorsleepstudyalmost80percentofrespondentsadmittedtonotgettingtheirprescribedamountofnightlyrest.So,whatexactlyistherightamountofsleep?Researchshowsthatadultsneedanaverageofseventoninehoursofsleepanightforoptimalfunctionality.Readontoseejusthowmuchofanimpactmoderatesleepdeprivationcanhaveonyourmindandbody.

Bygettinglessthansixhoursofsleepanight,youcouldbeputtingyourselfatriskofhighbloodpressure.Whenyousleep,yourheartgetsabreakandisabletoslowdownforasignificantperiodoftime.Butcuttingbackonsleepmeansyourhearthastoworkovertimewithoutitsallottedbreak.Inconstantlydoingso,yourbodymustaccommodatetoitsnewconditionsandelevateyouroveralldailybloodpressure.Andtheheartisn’ttheonlyorganthatisovertaxedbyalackofsleeps.Thelesssleepyouget,thelesstimethebrainhastoregulatestresshormones,andovertime,sleepdeprivationcouldpermanentlyhinderthebrain’sabilitytoregulatethesehormones,leadingtoelevatedbloodpressure.

Weallhangaroundinbedduringourboutsofillness.Butdidyouknowthatskippingoutonthebedrestcanincreaseyourriskofgettingsick?Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse.Sotrytotoughenupyourimmunesystembygettingatleastsevenhoursofsleepanight,andmaintainingahealthydiet.You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays.

DuringdeepREMsleep,yourmuscles(exceptthoseintheeyes)areessentiallyimmobilizedinordertokeepyoufromactingoutonyourdreams.Unfortunately,thiseffortyourbodymakestokeepyousafewhiledreamingcansometimesbackfire,resultinginsleepparalysis.SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate.Thiscanbequiteafrighteningsensationbecause,whileyourmindisslowlyregainingconsciousness,ithasnocontroloveryourbody,leavingsomewithafeelingofpowerlessness,fearandpanic.Mostpeopleexperiencethiseeriephenomenaatleastonceintheirlives,butthosewhoaresleepdeprivedaremorelikelytohavepanickedepisodesofsleepparalysisthatareusuallyaccompaniedbyhallucinations,aswell.Forasecond,imagineallofyourmemoriesareerased;everybirthday,summervacation,evenwhatyoudidyesterdayafternooniscompletelylost,becauseyouhavenorecollectionofthem.It’sachillingthought,butthatiswhatalifewithoutsleepwouldbelike.Sleepisessentialtothecognitivefunctionsofthebrain,andwithoutit,ourabilitytoconsolidatememories,learndailytasks,andmakedecisionsisimpairedbyalargedegree.ResearchhasrevealedthatREMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughoutthedaytothattheycanbeeasilyorganizedandstoredinthemind’slong-termcache.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemeaningof“sleepdeprivation”？

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?

3.Whyistheretheso-called“sleepparalysis”？

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

5.Whateffectsofsleepdeprivationonhumanmindandbodyarediscussedinthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Tosleepforanaverageperiodoftime.

B.Tosleepdeeplywithoutdreaming.

C.Tosleeplessthanneeded.

D.Tosleepmodestly.

问题2选项

A.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewithsleepdeprivationwillbeabeletosleeplonger.

B.Wheneveryoneelsegetsafever,thosewhousuallyhaveadequatesleepwillbealright.

C.Onlymodestsleepdeprivationcouldweakentheimmunesystem,

D.Prolongedsleepdeprivationwillnothaveimpactontheimmunesystem.

问题3选项

A.Itoccurswhenyouareunabletowakeupfromdreamswhileyouaresleeping.

B.Itoccurswhenyoubrainimmobilizesyourbodyinordertokeepyoufromdreaming.

C.BecauseyouareusuallytoofrightenedtomoveyourbodywhenwakingupfromdeepREMsleep.

D.Becauseyourbody,immobilizedwhendreaming,maystillbeunabletomoveevenwhenyourbrainiswakingup.

问题4选项

A.Memoriesarepartofthecognitivefunctionofthebrain.

B.Memoriescreatedduringthedaytimeareusuallyfragileandimpaired.

C.Youarelikelytoloseyourmemoriesofyesterdayafteranight’ssleep.

D.Long-termmemorycannotbeformedwithoutdream-sleep.

问题5选项

A.Highbloodpressure,atoughenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

B.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,sleepparalysis,andlong-termmemory.

C.Bloodpressure,immunesystem,thebrainandthebody,andmemory.

D.Highbloodpressure,aweakenedimmunesystem,sleepparalysis,andmemoryloss.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.语义题。题干：根据本文，“睡眠不足”指的是什么？文章第三段中“Prolongedsleepdeprivationhaslongbeenassociatedwithdiminishedimmunefunctions,butresearchershavealsofoundadirectcorrelationbetween“modest”sleepdeprivation—lessthansixhours—andreducedimmuneresponse”说明“modest”sleepdeprivation指的是少于6小时的睡眠，而成人需要7-9小时的睡眠。因此C选项符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题干：根据第3段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？第三段最后一句“You’llbegladyougotthatextrahourofsleepthenexttimethatbugcomesaroundandleaveseveryoneelsebedriddenwithafeverforthreedays”，别人生病后就会意识到多睡一小时的好处，对应B选项的内容。

3.细节题。题干：为什么会有所谓的“睡眠瘫痪症”?第四段第三句中提到了“SleepparalysisoccurswhenthebrainisarousedfromitsREMcycle,butthebodyremainsinitsimmobilizingstate”，可知“睡眠瘫痪症”发生在大脑从快速眼动周期唤醒时，身体仍保持不动状态，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节题。题干：根据最后一段，下列哪个陈述是正确的？最后一段最后一句提到“REMsleep,ordream-sleep,helpssolidifythe“fragile”memoriesthebraincreatesthroughouttheday…”表明大脑一天产生的记忆是脆弱的，需要睡眠帮忙巩固记忆。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节题。题干：睡眠不足对人的身心有什么影响？第二段提到“elevatedbloodpressure”；第三段提到“reducedimmunesystem”;第四段提到“sleepparalysis”；最后一段提到“memoryloss”，因此D选项符合题意。

12.翻译题

机器人我们正生活在一个机器人承担许多工作的时代。机器人可以制造汽车、驾驶飞机和处理账单。

不过这些机器人并不是人形机器。它们的外形并不像我们。它们是特别制造出来代替人做某些工作的机器，可以给它们以任何适宜的外形。机器人的“脑子”是一部电脑，它能够储存指令，并能够控制其它部件。机器人有手臂，能够做人用手干的多种工作。例如，机器人可以在汽车装配线上焊接车身和喷漆。

使用机器人比使用工人的优越之处是它们可以不停地长时间工作，它们从不疲劳，而工作的准确性却始终如一。它们可以在人无法忍受的条件下工作，如有高温、有强烈的噪音或是有危险射线的场合，随着机器人数量的增加，它们的制造成本也会下降。

尽管机器人正在迅速承担工业中的许多工作，但要在家里做家务活却似乎还差得很远。问题在于即使干一半的家务活也需要有一个非常复杂、非常昂贵的机器人。

【答案】Robot13.单选题

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

问题1选项

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。alteration“改变；变化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供选择的事物”；substitute“代替”，根据“勤奋和坚持”与“成功”之间的关系，我们可以知道一般来说“勤奋和坚持”是“成功”的必要条件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奋和坚持”之外就没有别的选择符合逻辑，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：你想成功的话，除了勤奋和坚持之外你没有别的选择。

14.单选题

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

问题1选项

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【选项释义】

A.enter进来；进去B.enroll登记；报名

C.attend出席；参加D.register登记；注册

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：她决定在当地的夜校……历史课。根据句意，可以推测她应该是在当地的夜校报名上历史课。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项enter“进来；进去”，指进入或进入某事物，不符合语境；

C选项attend“出席；参加”，指出席某一事件，不符合语境；

D选项register“登记；注册”，指把你/某人/某物的名字记在正式的名单上，不符合语境。

【句意】她决定报名当地夜校的历史课程。

15.翻译题

中国与西方国家的合作是互利的。中国经济的发展，不仅改善了本国人民的生活，也为世界经济的增长提供了新的推动力，为发达国家提供了更多的商业机会。中国是一个潜力巨大的新兴市场，西方国家技术先进，资金雄厚，两者经济上具有很强的互补性。西方一些国家对华采取歧视性的贸易政策，不仅损人，最终也会损害自己的利益。

【答案】参考译文：

ThecooperationoftheWestandChinaismutuallybeneficialtoeachother.TheeconomicdevelopmentofChinanotonlyimprovethequalityofnative’slife,butalsogivenewimpetustoworldeconomyandprovidemoreopportunitiesforthedevelopedcountriesinbusiness.Chinaisanemergingmarketwithgreatpotential,whileWesterncountrieshaveadvancedtechnologyandabundantcapital,bothofwhicharehighlycomplementaryineconomy.SomewesterncountriesadoptdiscriminatorytradepoliciesagainstChina,whichwillnotonlydoesharmtoothers,butalsodoesharmtotheirowninterestsintheend.

16.单选题

Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.Fewfirmstrytomeasurereturnsontheseassets,letalonepublishinformationonthem.Yettheyareoftenwhatunderliesafirm'ssuccess.“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.”

Asignthatcompaniesdonotmeasuretheirassetsproperlymaybethegrowinggapbetweentheirstock-marketvalueandthebookvalueoftheirassets.Between1973and1993,themedianratioofmarketvaluestobookvaluesofAmericanpubliccompaniesdoubles;thedifferencehasgrownwithaboominhigh-techshares.Thegapisbiggestforcompaniesthathavemostrapidlyboostedspendingonresearchanddevelopment（R&D）.Evenwithinindustries,thedivergence（分歧）betweenstock-marketreturnsandreportedearningshasincreased.

Youmightthinkthiswouldpresentaproblemforinvestors,whonolongerhaveagoodwayoftellingwhetherthemarketvalueofacompanyissoundlybased.Yetinvestorsseemtoknowinstinctivelythatknowledgeisvaluable.35.AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.

Infact,theabsenceofgoodmeasuresmaybotherthosewhorunfirmsmorethanthosewhoinvestinthem.Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.

1.Theintangiblesofacompanyarereflectedin（）.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutMicrosoft?

3.WhydoesthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsrise?

4.Aninvestorwhobuysstocksofacompanyinknowledge-basedbusinessesbaseshisecisionon（）.

5.Thephrase“suchdecisionsn（Para.4）refersto（）.

问题1选项

A.physicalandfinancialassets

B.stock-marketvalue

C.thebalancesheet

D.thedifferencebetweenthestock-marketvalueandthebookvalue

问题2选项

A.Ithasnobook-valueassets.

B.Itsstock-marketvalueequalsitsbookvalue.

C.There’sagreatgapbetweenitsstock-marketvalueandbookvalue.

D.Itsstock-marketvaluedoesnotreflectthecompany’srealvalue

问题3选项

A.Becausetheybuyforeignsubsidiaries

B.Becausetheyinvestmuchinintangibleassets.

C.BecausetheyhavelowR&Dspending

D.Becausetheinvestorsknowthemethodsforcalculatingthepaybackofknowledge-basedbusinesses

问题4选项

A.purespeculation（投机）

B.thecompany’sbookvalue

C.whetherthecompanybuysforeignsubsidiaries

D.theprospectthatitsresearchwilltranslateintolowcostproducts

问题5选项

A.unningfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

B.nvestinginfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

C.udgingratesofreturnonfirmsinknowledge-basedbusinesses

D.alculatingreturnsonanewly-builtfactory

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Thevalueofabusinessincreasinglyliesnotinphysicalandfinancialassetsthatareonthebalancesheet,butinintangibles:brands,patents,franchises,software,researchprograms,ideasandexpertise.企业的价值越来越不在于资产负债表上的有形资产和金融资产，而在于无形资产：品牌、专利、特许经营权、软件、研究项目、创意和专业技能。可知ABC三项都不对。故D项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第一段“Ourprimaryassets,whichareoursoftwareandoursoftware-developmentskills,donotshowuponthebalancesheetatall,”saysMicrosoft’sboss,BillGates.“Thisisprobablynotveryenlighteningfromapurelyaccountingpointofview.我们的主要资产，也就是我们的软件和软件开发技能，根本没有出现在资产负债表上。“从纯粹的会计角度来看，这可能不是很有启发性。”可知D项“其股票市值并不能反映公司的实际价值”正确。

3.推理判断题。由第三段“AstudyhasfoundthatthesharepriceofAmericanmultinationalsthatspendheavilyonR&Driseswhentheybuyforeignsubsidiaries,butitfallswhenamultinationalwithlowR&Dspendingbuysabroad.一项研究发现，在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购外国子公司时，其股价会上涨，但当研发支出较低的跨国公司在海外收购时，其股价会下跌。可知跨国公司在收购海外子公司时，股价的升降取决于该公司在研发方面的投入力度，也就是对无形资产的投入力度。故B项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第三段“Presumablyinvestorsunderstandthatcompaniesinknowledge-basedbusinessescanexploitthemagicofrisingreturnstoscale.Onceapillorasoftwareprogramisdeveloped,eachextrasalebringsinmoremoneyatlittleextracost:thebiggerthemarket,thegreatertheprofits.想必投资者明白，在以知识为基础的企业中，企业可以利用不断增长的回报来扩大规模。一旦开发出一种药丸或一个软件程序，每一笔额外销售都能以很少的额外成本带来更多的收入：市场越大，利润就越大。”可知D项“其研究成果转化为低成本产品的前景”正确。

5.词义题。联系上下文“Formanagers,thebigproblemishowtojudgeratesofreturn.Withbuildingafactory,therearetime-honoredmethodsforcalculatingthepayback.ButwhatifyouareinvestinginR&Dorsoftware,ordecidingwhethertobuybetterpeopleortotrainmore?Therearen’ttoolsformakingsuchdecisions.对于经理来说，最大的问题是如何判断回报率。建造一个工厂，有计算回报的历史悠久的方法。但如果你投资于研发或软件，或者决定是雇佣更好的人或者培训更多的人呢?没有工具来做这样的决定。可知suchdecisions指代在知识型企业如何判断回报率的问题。故C项正确。

17.单选题

Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeit（

）whenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.

问题1选项

A.compacted

B.dispersed

C.delayed

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。compacted“压缩；压紧”；dispersed“分散；传播”；delayed“延迟”；restricted“限制”。句意：我们都有自由选择权，不喜欢在社会的法律和道德界限内看到自由被限制。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Theassassinhidhimselfcarefullyfromviewbefore（

）hisfuturevictim.

问题1选项

A.drawingfrom

B.drawingup

C.drawingwith

D.drawingon

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。drawfrom“从……中得到”；drawup“起草；停住”；drawwith“追上”；drawon“利用；吸收；临近”。句意：在靠近自己未来的目标前，那个杀手小心地隐藏自己。选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

JuliaGillard,Australia’sprimeminister,wasforcedtodropacontroversialproposaltofunneltheprocessingofpeopleseekingasyluminhercountrythroughMalaysia.

问题1选项

A.channel

B.siphon