2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套)及答案

本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！2018年6月四级考试真题（第三套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandho'wtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension说明：2018年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已，故在本套中不再重复给出。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst26in1962,itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas27.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding'sowners,CIS,28thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004,thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope'slargest29ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge30hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas31overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren't32cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy33throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget34,theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels,collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn'taraceof35,butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！cheapercleanercollectioncheapercleanercollectioncompetedconstructedconsulteddimensiondiscoveredeventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyproductionM)rangeN)scaleO)undertakenSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.2SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomeworkDigitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat'sreplacing—andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(观念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.“Whenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(垄断),anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,”saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you'repaying$120,”saidSenack.“Butbecauseit'salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.”SarinaHarper,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It'sabalancingact,”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?”Shedidn'thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they'rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts.”APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessgeoxopdensiveandinvestment”thatoffernewfealtiukreesa,uditoexts,personalizedknowledgcehecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialsavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionaplrintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn'trespondtoarequestbfuotrictosmmCeEnOt,DavidLevintoldtFhienancialTimeisnAugustthat“inhighereducation,thteheerparionftedtextbookisnowover.”Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealfordisgtiutdaelnts.“productsaren'tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomework,theyofoffeartuarlels,k”indsDavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublisherst,oldBuzzFeedNews.“Ihtelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan'dtowithprinthomeworkassignments.”DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledtextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstatheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesns'tutdernetqsuitroebhuiysaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,”saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltecxltabsosoeksbfuotrdheisignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealotIeafseielrlbiukteI'mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertistehecasntubdeennetfsitmost.”A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormally$500-$600onaccesscodesforclasIsn.onecase,theprofessordriedqnu'irtestudentosbuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomeworyke.arThsihsesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That'stwomonthsofrent,”csahne'staisde.ll“aYnoyuofitback.Withatraditionatlextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you'reoutofthatmoney.”BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it'sridiculousthatafterpayoiunsgantdesnsinoftutihtionwehavetopayforallthesaccesscodestodoourhomework.”Manyoftheaccesscodeshe'spurbceheanserdeqhuaivreedsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit'sonly10%ofyoculrasgsr,a”dehiensaid.“You'repayingsochmumoneyforsomethingthhaatrdlyaffectsyourgrade—butifyoudidn'thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtoosrtaCr.t”ouWtolavteratoBnsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.Harper,poultry家禽)sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyaaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksfo$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan'torbeboruegnhtedsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothe“Wedon'treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy,”shesaid.“uIjfusytoumimsisssiti.t,Iyjoustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it'snotfun.”Astudent'syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrenst.fortwomonthTheonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.38.Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichthwillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.OnestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehigDigitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooapublisher.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-Onlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpetheirstudents.Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.“Whileweteach,welearn,”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They'redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids,Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(动画的)figurecalledBetty'sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors'learning.Theagents'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse'saccomplishment.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?A)Seneca'sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty'sBrain?Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors'learning?Theirsenseofresponsibility.C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.Theiremotionalinvolvement.D)Theteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen一membersoftheso-calledMillennial千禧的)generation一hasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen一orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead,theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit'seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelativelylittleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey'renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager;only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennials(ages18-32),conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman'sworld一justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?Asenseofaccomplishment.C)Rewardsandpromotions.Jobstabilityandflexibility.D)Joyderivedfromwork.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?Thewelfareoftheirchildren.C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.Thenarrowingofthegendergap.D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartWTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet.2近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减