高校英语专业四级考试阅读理解与完形填空-课程中心

高校英语专业四级考试•阅读理解与完形填空Test1完形填空(一)宏观上处理好篇章与空格之间的关系完形填空的测试目的是测试学生运用语言的综合能力。完形填空的考试重点是上下文的联系和短语结构的搭配关系。由于考试时间紧，许多考生在回答这部分题的时候，往往不顾整个篇章的结构、大意或文体，一开始就把注意力放在空格选项上，孤立地研究单个选项,这就脱离了文章整体，答题的准确率也会大受影响。因此，要做好这部分试题考生首先必须大体理解篇章的主要内容、逻辑关系，从而判断出作者的意图及归纳或演绎的思路；另外，考生在答题之前，还要对文章的文体有所了解，这有利于考生根据不同的文体对不同的或相近的选项做出正确的选择。如文学材料、科普文章、新闻报道等由于文体上的不同，它们在用词和句子结构上都有所不同。请看下面例子：Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmal1amountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy, 1 dotheyconstruetorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor2foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif 3 ismissing,adeficiencydiseasebecomes 4 .A.eitherB.soC.norD.neverA.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transformingA.anyB.someC.anythingD.somethingA.seriousB.apparentC.severeD.fatal通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重(serious)、致命(fatal),故应排除选项A和D。severe(严厉的)不能用来修饰疾病。因此，选Bapparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。PARTI[15M1N.]

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswel1knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime. 1 thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally 2_andwellmaintained,with 3 sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost 4 one.Largehighwaysoftenpass 5 scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally6 largeurbancenters,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith 7 trafficduringrushhours,8 theufast,directroutebecomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalwaysanotherroutetotake 9 youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe10newusuperhighwaysM,thereareoftenolder, 11 heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside. 12 ofthesearegoodtwolaneroads;othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh 13 ,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns 14 indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces15theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces15theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.LA.A.A.A.A.A.AlthoughstablelittleB.SinceC.BecauseB.splendidC.LA.A.A.A.A.A.AlthoughstablelittleB.SinceC.BecauseB.splendidC.B.fewC.muchterribleB.possibleC.D.ThereforesmoothD.complicatedD.manyenjoyableD.profitabletoB.intoC.overD.byleadB.connectC.collectD.communicateA.large B.fastA.large B.fastA.when B.forA.unlessB.ifC.high D.heavyC.but D.thatC.asD.sinceA.relativelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably11.A.andB.lessC.moreD.or11.A.andB.lessC.moreD.orA.AllB.SeveralC.LotsD.SomeA.rocksA.lyingA.AllB.SeveralC.LotsD.SomeA.rocksA.lyingB.cliffsC.roadsD.pathsB.layingC.laidD.lied15.A.thereB.whenC.15.A.thereB.whenC.whichD・wherePARTII[30MIN.]SECTIONA[25MIN.]Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.TEXTABeforethemidI860's,theimpactoftherai1roadsintheUnitedStateswas1imited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack“becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.ThebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelaterI860,s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRaiIroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbui1tthroughsochailengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof4<prematureenterprise^,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRaiIroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.TheauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelateI860'sas“limited”because.thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenextpassengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinationspassengerspreferredstagecoachesrailroadtravelwasquiteexpensiveWhatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroadexpanded?Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentakenToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.Theword“subsidy“inline27isclosestinmeaningto.A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penaltyTEXTBCertainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Al1livingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber shaped—hencetheirname-andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrentsAlthoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate一feedingsparinglyornotatal1forlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywouIddevoural1thefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwi11dothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses.A.thereproductionofseacucumbersthefoodsourcesofseacucumberstheeatinghabitsofseacucumbersD.threatstoseacucumbersJexistenceWhatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.Theyarealmostuseless.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseitsinternalorgansintothewater?A.Atouch.B.Food.C.Unusuallywarmwater.D.Pollution.TEXTCHumanbeingshaveusedtoolsforaverylongtime.Insomepartsoftheworldyoucanstillfindtoolsthatpeopleusedmorethantwomillionyearsago.Theymadethesetoolsbyhittingonestoneagainstanother.Inthisway,theybrokeoffpiecesfromoneofthestones.Thesechipsofstonewereusuallysharpononeside.Peopleusedthemforcuttingmeatandskinfromdeadanimals,andalsoformakingothertoolsoutofwood.Humanbeingsneededtousetoolsbecausetheydidnothavesharpteethlikeothermeateatinganimals,suchaslionsandtigers.Toolshelpedpeopletogetfoodmoreeasily.Workingwithtoolsalsohelpedtodevelophumanintelligence.Thehumanbraingrewbigger,andhumanbeingsbegantoinventmoreandmoretoolsandmachines.Thestonechipwasoneofthefirsttoolsthatpeopleused,andperhapsitisthemostimportant.Somescientistssaythatitwasthekeytosuccessofmankind.Since1960anewkindoftoolhasappeared.Thisisthesi1iconchip—alittlechipofsiliconcrystal.Itissmallerthanafingernail,butitcanstoremorethanamillion“bits"ofinformation.Itisanelectronicbrain.Everyyearthesechipsgetcleverer,buttheirsizegetssmaller,andtheircostgetsless.Theyareusedinwatches,calculatorsandintelligentmachinesthatwecanuseinmanyways.Inthefuturewewillnotneedtoworkwithtoolsintheoldway.Machineswilldoeverythingforus.Theywilleventalkandplaygameswithus.Peoplewil1haveplentyofsparetime.Butwhatwilltheydowithit?Humanbeingsusedstonechipsformorethantwomillionyears,buthuman1ifechangedverylittleinthattime.Wehaveusedsiliconchipsforonlyafewyears,butlifeischangingfastereveryday.Whatwilllifebeliketwentyyearsfromnow?Whatwilltheworldbeliketwomillionyearsfromnow?ThestonechipisthoughttobethemostimportanttoolbecauseitwasoneofthefirsttoolsdevelopedhumancapabilitiesledtotheinventionofmachineswascrucialtothedevelopmentofmankindAttheendofthepassagetheauthorseemstosuggestthatlifeinfutureis .disastrousB.unpredictableC.excitingD.colorfulTEXTDCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,etbelowsealevel,untWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,etbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonlyenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakesecountry,butitalsohasshallow,salty,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestisseparatedfromDeathValley,282fe100miles.ThetwoareashaveadifferlikeLakeTahoe,thedesertlakes.Ithaslakeinthecountry,36feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeindeepestinthLakeTulainyo,12theSaltonSea,2DeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.WhichoftheA.LakeTulainyo.C.DeathValley.WhereistheInadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWWhichoftheA.LakeTulainyo.C.DeathValley.WhereisthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?Mojavedesert.D.TheSaltonSea.highestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?A.LakeTahoe.B.SierraNevada.MountWhitney.D.Alaska.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?A.About3miles.B.Only100miles.C.282feet.D.14,494feet.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?ThePacificOcean.SanJoaquinValley.MojaveDesert.OregonandWashington.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo.ItispossibletogosurfingandsnowskiinginsomepartsofCaliforniawithouthavingtotravellongdistance.SierraNevada,SanJoaquinValley,MojaveDesertandthePacificOceanall1iewithinaradiusofabout100miles.OwensLake,inDeathValley,isnotreallyalakeatall.SECTIONBSKIMMINGANDSCANNING[5MIN.]Inthissectiontherearefivepassagesfollowedbytenquestionsorunfinishedstatements.SkimorscanthemasrequiredandthenmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.TEXTEFirstreadthefollowingquestion.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.describewaysofeliminatingmosquitolarvaedemonstratethegreatdifferencesamongkindsofmosquitoesshowreasonsforthehighsurvivalrateofmosquitoesgiveageneraldescriptionofmosquitodevelopmentNowreadTextEquicklyandmarkyouransweronyourANSWERSHEET.Eachvarietyofmosquitohasitsfavoredkindofwateraccumulationforbreeding,andalmosteveryimaginabletypeofstillwaterhasbeenusedbyat1eastonekindofmosquitotolayitseggs.Aftertheeggshatch,thelarvaecontinuetobecloselyassociatedwithwaterfssurfaceatthetailendsoftheirbodies.Becausethelarvaedevelopthisway,theyareneverfoundintheopenwateroflakeswheretheywouldmerelyserveasfishfood,orinplaceswheretheywouldbedamagedbywaveactionorwatercurrents.TEXTFFirstreadthefollowingquestions.Themainideaofthepassageis.howtoplaytennishowtowinatennismatchthegeneralintroductionofthegamewhatisagameintennisTheauthordriveshispointhomeby.givingthedetailsexplainingstepbystepofferingstrongproofsmakingvividdescriptionsNowreadTextFquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.Let'stalkabouttennisbetweenjusttwoplayers.Youknowthatthetwoplayershitaballacrossthenet.Onesidemusthittheballsothattheotherplayercannothititbackoverthenet.Theballmuststaywithinthe1ines.Ifthefirstplayercan'tdothis,theopponentgetsapoint.Theplayersalwaysstopwhenonewinsapoint.Tostartplayagain,oneplayerwillserve.Heorshethrowstheballintotheairandhitsit.Theballmustcrossthenetwithouthittingit.Theotherplayermusthittheballbackacrossthenetbeforeithitsthegroundtwice.Iftheballdoesn'thitthenetorthegroundtwice,theplayerskeephittingitoverthenet.Thisgoesonuntilsomeonemisses.Aplayerneedsfourpointstowinagame.Ifbothplayershavethreepoints,thenonemustgettwomorepointstogethertowin.Whenoneplayerwinssixgames,itiscalledaset.Ifeachsidewinsfivegames,thenonemustwintwomoregamestogethertowintheset.Ifeachplayerwinssixgames,theyplayonemoregameofsevenpoints.Amatchusuallyhasthreeorfivesets.TEXTGFirstreadthefollowingquestion.WhileatLondonairports,youhavetopresentyourpassportat.thecarouseltheImmigrationHallthecustomstheArrivalsHallNowreadTextGquicklyandmarkyouransweronyourANSWERSHEET.ArrivingatLondonairportsJustfollowthesesimplestepsforatroublefreearrival.FollowtheARRIVALSsignifyouareendingyourjourneyinLondonortransferringtoaUKdomesticflight.ThiswilltakeyoutotheImmigrationHal1whereyoumustpresentyourpassportandanynecessaryvisa/healthdocumentation.AtHEATHROWairportproceeddownstairstoclaimyourbaggagefromthecarouselindicatingyourflightnumber.AtGATEWICKairportproceeddownstairsintheNorthTerminaltoclaimyourbaggagefromthecarouselindicatingyourflightnumber.Freetrolleysareavailableforyourbags.ToclearcustomstaketheRedChannelifyouhavegoodstodeclareortheGreenChannelifyouhavenogoodstodeclare.YouwillthenbeintheArrivalsHall.FromhereyoucanobtaintransportintocentralLondon;transferbetweenGATEWICKandHEATHROWairportsandtransfertoUKdomesticflights.TEXTHFirstreadthefollowingquestions.Thetotalamountofcookingtimeforeachvegetableis .4minutesforthepotatoesand10minutesforthecucumberB.10minutesforthepotatoesand4minutesforthecucumberB.4minutesforthecucumberand14minutesforthepotatoes14minutesforthecucumberand4minutesforthepotatoesWhichofthefollowingstatementsagreeswiththemenudirections?Thedishisenoughtogoround.Fourservingspoonsareneeded.Thedishistobesharedbyfourpersons.Fourguestscanhelpthemselvestothedish.Accordingtothisrecipe,.parsley,saltandpepperaretobeaddedbyasprinklerthedishhastobeproperlyseasonedwithsaltandpepperparsleyisusedfordecorationthedishmustbetossedtoeverybodyJstasteNowreadTextHquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.RecipePotatoesandCucumberwithParsley2potatoes,about3/4pound1cucumber,about3/4poundtablespoonbutter1tablespoonfinelychoppedparsleySaltandpeppertotastePeelthepotatoes.Splittheminhalflengthwise,thencutintoquarters.Putthepotatoesinasmallskilletwithwatertocover.Bringtotheboilandcookabout10minutes.Meanwhilescrapethecucumber.Cutitinto11/2inchlengths.Cuteachlengthinhalf.Whenthepotatoeshavecooked10minutes,addthecucumbers.Cookaboutfourminutes.Drain.Addthebuttertothevegetablesandtoss.Sprinklewithparsley,saltandpeppertotasteandserve.Yielding:4servings.TEXTIFirstreadthefollowingquestions.Howdoesastudentknowwhatthehomeworkassignmentsare?Prof.Klammerannouncestheminclass.Thestudentreadsthelistonthenextpage.Prof.Klammergivesalisteveryweekinclass.Thestudentgoestotheprofessor?sofficeandasks.Ifafreshmanthinksthathemightmajorinhistory,whatisthemaximumlengthhispapercanbe?A.Fifteenpages.B.Twentyfivepages.C.Tenpages.D.Nomaximum.IfastudentcannotseeProf.Klammerduringherofficehours,whatshouldhedo?Seeherafterclass.Callherathome.Askanotherstudent.Makeanappointmentwithher.NowreadTextIquicklyandmarkyouranswersonyourANSWERSHEET.COURSEOUTLINEFORHISTORY101,DR.JANEKLAMMERCOURSE:History101INSTRUCTOR:Dr.JaneKlammeruIntroductiontoAmericanOFFICE:305MarshallHallHistoi'y"OFFICEHOURS:11.15-12.30MWFCLASS:363MarshallHall3.35-5.00TTh10:10〜11:00MWFOthertimesbyappointmentTELEPHONE:255-4786TEXTBOOK:Green,RobertP.,TheAmericanTradition:AHistoryoftheUnitedStates,CharlesE.MerrillpublishingCo.Columbus,Ohio1984(availableattheCollegeBookstore)COURSEREQUIREMENTS:midtermexam:October1020%ofthefinalgradefinalexam:December1040%ofthefinalgradetermpaperdue: December1540%ofthefinalgradeAttendanceisnotrequired,butyouareresponsibleforalltheinformationgivenintheclasslectures.InthelecturesIwi11talkaboutthechaptersinthetextbookandothermaterialthatIchoosetosupplementthecourse.Theexamswillcoveral1thisinformation.Therefore,Iadviseyoutocometotheclassasmuchaspossible.Ifyouhavetomissaclass,besuretogettheclassnotesfromanotherstudent.Yourhomeworkassignmentsarelistedonthenextpage.YouaresupposedtoreadthechapteraboutwhichIwi11belecturingbeforeyoucometoclass.Thisistomakesurethatyouunderstandasmuchaspossiblewhiletakingnotesinmylectures.Bepreparedwhenyoucometoclass.Ifthereareanychangesintheassignedhomeworkreadings,Iwillannouncetheminclass.Thetermpaperis40percentofyourfinalgrade.Itshouldnotexceedfifteenpages.(Anyonethinkingofmajoringinhistorymaywritetwentyfivepages.)Beforethemidtermexamyouwillchoosethetopicforyourpaper.Haveagoodsemester!重点词汇twolane:双车道freight:货运stagecoach:公共马车waterborne:水运地，水上地shrink:收缩foreshadow:成为前兆；暗示；预示skepticism:怀疑论semiarid: 半干旱的deter:制止；使断念头subsidy:补助金；津贴bluntly:坦率地；率直地unpromising:无前途的seacucumber:海参bizarre:奇异的eccentricity:古怪；怪癖；古怪的行为edible:可食用的gourmet:美食家subsist:生存，存在tentacle:触须；触角crevice:裂缝predator:掠夺者；食肉动物voracious:狼吞虎咽的；贪婪的metabolic: 变化的；新陈代谢的quiescent:静止的；不动的ratefeeding:供给饲料的multiply:繁殖squirt:喷出，溅出siliconcrystal:硅晶体eviscerate:取出内脏；取出精华部分surf:冲浪altitude:高度abound：大量存在；充满accumulation:累计；聚集物hatch:孵化larvae:幼虫serve:发球proceed:开始；进行下去claim:认领；主张carousel:（机场中的）行李传送带；马术比赛toclearcustoms:通关declare:申报parsley:西芹skillet:长柄浅锅scrape:舌1],擦toss:颠炒sprinkle:洒yielding:产出supplement:增补参考答案及详解A）此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同的，例如：although是表示转折关系的；since,because,therefore是表示原因关系的。通过阅读此空所在句得知大概句义为：“尽管这些宽阔的现代化公路通常很平坦且维护良好，转弯也很少，但是一直保持笔直的公路不总是令人赏心悦目:根据语义线索和语法线索可知此空应填表示转折关系的选项AoC）根据词汇线索和词义搭配可知，stable,splendidcomplicated般不能用来修饰roadsoB）根据语义线索可推断此空正确答案为选项Bfew。C）根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正确答案为CenjoyableoD）介词by能和动词pass搭配，意为“经过，掠过”。B） 本句中的联系副词Furthermore说明本句是对上一句的进一步补充和信息的增加，由此可推测本句句义为高速公路不仅经过风景区和乡村，通常还“将庞大的都市中心区连接起来”。故正确答案为B。D） "交通拥挤"用heavy和traffic搭配。A）通过分析可知，这里使用的是一个非限定性定语从句，四个选项中只有Awhen具备此语法功能。B）根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确答案。A）根据主句中的“older...roads”可推断此空需要填一个比较意义的副词，以构成对比关系，故选项Arelatively"相应地，相对地”为正确答案。其他三词词义分别为：regularly"有规律地，定期地"；respectively"各自地"；reasonably“有理由地B）根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级，故可排除A和D。另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less,因为"moreheavilytraveled"意为"车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识不符。D）从下文的others可知此空正确答案为Dsome。B）根据上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以断定这里需要一个表示路况不好的词，选项Arocks意义不符，故只有Bcliffs“悬崖”为正确答案。A）根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由此可猜测句义为“位于深谷中的城镇”，“位于"lie是不及物动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，故正确答案为lie的现在分词形式lyingoD）定语从句修饰places用where来引导。B）根据文章前五句可知，在十九世纪六十年代晚期前铁路在美国的影响是有限的“limited",当时铁路只从美国东部修到了美国中部，运到美国西部地区的货物只有在铁路的尽头“endoftrack”改用其他的运输方式，比如：汽船、马车等，它们的运输效率可想而知。故选项B为正确答案。D）这是一道推论题。可用排除法做此题。根据文章第六行至第七行“rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeedersM和第十行至第十三行**Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid."可知随着铁路线的不断延伸,马车货运的路线日益减少，虽然马车货运经营者们继续在西部发展货运线路，但是它们只是铁路运输的补充。因此选项A“他们发展了有竞争性的线路”可以排除。而选项B、C文中根本没有提及。故只有选项D为正确答案。D）根据“theSierraNevada"所在句可知作者提到它是因为它是修建横跨东西铁路的一个巨大的障碍，故D为正确答案。B）Subsidy意为“补助金，津贴“，与financing意义相符。B）通过阅读文章可以排除选项A、C、D,因为文中没有提及，故选项B为正确答案。C）此题为段落主旨题。通过阅读第四段可知作者都是讲述海参的进食习惯，故选项C为正确答案。A)此题为推论题。根据最后一段可知海参在受到外界刺激时，会做出一定的反应，这也反映出它的防御机制非常敏感，故A为正确答案。B)此题为细节题。根据最后一段可知惟有food不会使海参将体内器官吐出来，故其为正确答案。D)这是一道细节题。根据文章第二段尾句"Somescientistssaythatitwasthekeytothesuccessofmankind"可知"stonechip”对于人类的发展起到了非常重要的作用，这与D正好相符。B)在文章最后一段中作者说人类在过去的几百万年时间里一直使用“stonechip”，人类社会发生的变化很小。而我们使用“siliconchips”才不过几年，生活却发生了巨大的变化。于是作者发出了疑问：“二十年后的生活会是什么样子的呢？”，“二百万年后的世界又会是什么样子呢？"，表明将来的生活无法预料，这与选项B相符。C)这是一道细节题。根据第三段所给的海拔高度，可知美国最低点在deathvalley。D)此题很容易误选为C,这是因为第三段提到MountWhitney的海拔高度；但是要注意此段第二句提到美国最高点时在括号中补充说明这个最高点是在Alaska以外的。这就说明美国的海拔最高点不是MountWhitney,而是位于Alaska。B)这是一道细节题。根据第三段可找出答案。D)根据第二段可知答案。C)文中说加利福尼亚是一个地貌多样，富于变化的地方，而选项C是一个最突出的例子。C)32.B)33.B)34.B)35.C)36.C)B)38.B)39.B)40.D您的得分率为：I/15；IISectionA/15；SectionB/10Test2Test完形填空（二）微观上利用各种线索选择答案从TESTONE的答题技巧可知，完形填空的每一个空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整个篇章的一部分，与上下文有着明显或微妙的关系，因此在选择时就要考虑到各选项与上下文的联系。通常这种联系或关系为考生做出正确选择提供了各种线索，比如语义逻辑、语法框架、词汇搭配及词义的应用、概念，还有些是非语言性的一些知识等，下面就几种微观处理选项的技巧简要介绍。语义线索在完形填空题中，某些项的选择可以根据“语义”来决定，即已有的词或句子的语义决定着必须选择某个选项，否则整个文章的语义逻辑就不通，内容就与作者的原意不一致。因此考生在做选择时，不要忽略语义这条重要的线索。例如：Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignershavebecomeimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe_1 inasinglelargebuilding.1.A.consistedB.containedC.composedD.comprised根据语义线索（内部装饰变得重要的部分原因是因为一座大楼包含许多用途。）可知空格处需要一个表示“包含（括）”意义的动词。在四个选项中A.consisted（由…构成），多用于主动且与of连用；C.compose（组成）多以becomposedof这一固定词组出现；D.comprise（包含）一般不用于被动语态。contain在用法上和语义上符合题意，故为答案。[HT5H]语法线索[HT5Y13语法线索是指所应填入的词与上下文可能发生的语法方面的联系。利用这种联系也可推断出正确的选项。例如：Citiescontainthevery 1 aspectofasociety:opportunitiesforeducation,employment,andentertainment.Theyalsocontaintheveryworstpartsofasociety:1.A.welIB.goodC.betterD.best根据第二句中的语法线索theveryworst,我们就可以肯定此空也要用形容词最高级，又因为这两句是对比句，所以只能选D。词汇线索有些完形填空要填入的词与上下文其他词有各种联系，文中的词往往在词义上或搭配上决定了所应填入的词。这些词就构成了选择答案时的词汇线索。例如：Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingto1themselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.1.A.turnB.adaptC.alterD.modify根据词汇搭配及语义线索，正确选项为B。因为adaptoneselfto是固定搭配，意为“适应，习惯于”，这符合题意。其他三项均有“改变”之意，且不能和。neself搭配。概念线索在完形填空题的上下文中，有时会出现一些词与空格内需要填的词同指一人或一事物，甚至可在上下文中找到应填的同一个词。这就是所说的概念线索。超语言线索在完形填空试题中，有时不是利用以上几种线索便可以决定选项，这时往往需要考生根据自己对试题内容的有关背景知识的了解来决定填入的选项。PARTI[15MIN.]Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.W