教师版2016秋招建行密训班英语讲义

第一章笔试设银行招考要求得上业生一般应通过国家专业八级，其他专业毕业生一般应通过大四六级。以经济学、管理学、理学、工二、考试形式：机考三、笔试科目：英语、行政职业能力测试、综合知识及专业知识四、考试时间：18（20。五、英语考试题型5六、考试难易度：接近六级或考研英语，句子较长，结构较复杂。（350-450单词Economics，ReviewofFinancialStudies，Time等，以及金融报纸如：FinancialTimes。文章题材多与经济、金融、政策有关。八、考试体裁：说明文、、议。掌握所读材料的主旨和大意了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节根据上下文判断某些词汇和短语的意思理解句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引正确作者或文中某个人的观点和态度第二章阅读考查实质考查词汇量：建行考试主要是四六级词汇以及部分通俗类经济金融词考查语法：尤其通过长难句考查考生分析句子结构、理解句意的能力主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、态度（一）分析长难句三步忽略次要信息（非主谓宾），找出句子主干（主谓宾或主系表先不理会以介词短语开头的部分继而分析从句部分、语、状语、定语等修饰语注：五种句主+谓：Thesun主+谓+宾：Ilove主+谓+双宾：Couldyoupleasehandthebookto主+谓+宾+宾补：Allofusshouldkeepourclassroom主+系+表：Tomorrowisanother主干一般数几个单词组成，比较隐蔽，怎么找到一上来就直接找主干并不好找，怎样识别哪些是修饰成分，修饰成分单词（主要是形容词和副词及其短语） Youareindeed从句，最主要的是定语从句、状语从句分析示例 humanresourcesresearchdirectoratadvisoryfirm 主 同位 谓manytopcompaniesarelookingbeyondthenotionofdiversitytotheconceptof“inclusion宾语从whichemphasizesbroadthinking,opennesstonewideas,deeperunderstandingofcustomersorsupply定语从andthediversityof定语从【注解】Bramssaid；humanresourcesresearchdirectoratadvisoryfirmCEB是主语的同位语；manytopcompaniesarelookingbeyondthenotionofdiversitytotheconceptof“inclusionmanagement”为宾语从句，which引导定语从句修饰inclusionmanagement。结构主干出成难句并不可怕，它只由两个部分组成：主干和修饰成分（二）2014年实战分试分析下列句子的成分（找主谓宾GrowthinemergingmarketsisatitslowestebbsincetheaftermathofthefinancialcrisisduetoacombinationofChina’sfadingdynamism,asputteringperformanceineasternEuropeandLatinAmerica’sEvidencethatemergingeconomiesareenteringaneweraofslowergrowthwillfuelconcernsfortheglobaloutlookaswesterncountriescontinuetostruggle,theoilpricelurchestowardsafour-yearlowandEurozonestalwartGermanysuffersfromdeclininggrowth.Thesetrendsarecontributingtoasensethatslowergrowthis ingrmanentfixtureamongtheworld’smostdynamicgroupofeconomies.SpeakinglastweekattheInternationalMonetaryFund’sannualmeetings,OlivierBlanchard,thefund’schiefeconomist,saidtherehadbeen“afairlymajorchangeinthelandsc”foremergingmarketsinthemediumterm.ChristineLagarde,theIMF’smanagingdirector,saidtherewas“clearlyamajorslowdownincountrieslikeBrazilandRussia”,pointingoutthat oftativeeasingwouldsendshockwavestoemergingChina’sGDPannualgrowthrateinthequarter,accordingtoJasper—duetobeannouncednext—issettoplungeto6.8percent,downfrom7.5percentinthesecondquarter,accordingtoJasperMcMahonofNow-CastingEconomic.Onepartsocialnetworkingandonepartcapitalaccumulation,crowdfundingwebsitesseektoharnesstheenthusiasm—andpocketmoney—ofvirtualstrangers,promisingthemacutofthereturns.BritisharyfilmmakerFrannyArmstrongraisedmorethan£450,000($815,000)tofinance—andworkfulltimeon—ofStupid,whichshehopeswilleattheSundanceFilmFestivalinWhatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisThebesttitleofthispassage Themainideaofthispassage 解题策略句。第一段，和每段第一句话、最后一句是关键；一般的英文写作思维都是开注意焦点。每段重复最多的词，或是选项中出现的词，需要注意。（例如文章每段都有“finance”个词，就应该注意在选项中要留意这个词或它的同义词。逆向思维：a.假设每个选项是主旨，自己会如何据此构思文章结构b.哪个选项构思出来的主要Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?（PassageHowtosupporttheToGainProfitsfromthe【解析】D主旨题。这篇文章都是围绕众筹crowdfunding来谈论的，看文章中反复出现的Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19th Theimmediateconsequenceofthenewcapitalists’practice WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaand解题策略找定位找定位词，在原文中找到相关信息，带回原文验证定位词：时间、地点、人名（定位明确，显而易见） 词、陌生词（比较特殊，需要仔细确认顺序定位，一般出题都会按照文章段落的同义词替换原则例如：wronglybelieve=misconceptionmanager=managerial,这样的地方恰恰就是Theimmediateconsequenceofthenewcapitalists’practice .（PassagelossofcorporatelowerpayfortheahigherrateofD.adeclineinbusiness【解析】Cnewcapitalists’practice2段句首“Thenewrichselfishlyact”2段，扫读至本段最后一句“Theirselfishnessismostshamelesslyexpressedindownsizingandoutsourcingbecausethesebusinessmaneuversdon’tacttocreatenewjobsasthefounderofnewindustriesusedtodo,butonlyoutjobswhilekeethemoneyvalueofwhatthosejobsproducedforthemselves.”即可确定正确答案为CItcanbeinferredfrom paragraphthatpeopleusedtoplaceahighvalue Thetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowinthe Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para解题策略推断题推断题本质就是细节题。可能推理的是“一句话，一个段落，一篇文章”经常用的词是infer/learn/know/suggest/imply1.小推”：有keywords,2.“中推”：以段落为主，可以使用排除法 句上3.“大推”段，要全文理解进行合理逻辑推断。（有时：根据全文，去最后Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”?(Line2,Para（见实PassageThedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoaThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallFewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoother【解析】A推理题。本题旨在考查上下文对于句意的理解。本段首句是段落句，大意为期内项A中onade“。四、猜词常见问法Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysis ysis”.(LastLine,Theword“homogenizing”(Line1,Paragraph1)mostprobablyThephrase“rippedup”(Line1,Paragraph5)mostprobably 解题策略““带入检验”法。如果四个词都认识，就分别带回原文，检查一下是否符合逻辑标点符号法（冒号、破折号、括号）。经常后面有关于前面内容的解“句子关系”法。利用结构猜词法：并列平行结构；比较结构；因果关系；转折关系；指代关系根据词根、词缀法推测。如表示否定的前缀后缀，或词根含义等Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bleak”inthelastbutoneparagraph（见实Passage【解析】C猜词题。定位到bleak所在的这一句话可以知道结果也并不乐观，结合倒数第二段Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansociety A. B. C. D.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople’shabits A. B. C. D.Fromthetextwecanconcludethatthe issupportive支持的ofbothtakesadetached超然的issympathetic同情的tofavorsthetownsfolk’s解题策略人物的态度；解答时要区分这两种常见的态度：“支持，中”(OnebrightspotintheU.S.economyin1979wasthesurprisingdeclineingasolineuse.RisingfuelcostsarefinallyproddingAmericanstocutbackonconsumption,andtheneedforthis esmoreacuteallthetime.5.HowdoestheauthorviewthedeclineingasHeisHethinksitisagoodHedoesn’tseetheneedforHeisunhappyabout【解析】B态度题。作者把“thedeclineingasconsumption”描述为“onebrightspotintheU.S.economy”，可见答案应该是B。答题技一、留意文转转折处:通常由“but,yet,however”引导。因为转折的作用一般来说是对前面的否定，对后面了。以此类推，lessAthanB，强调B，那么就直接在B处划线。它们是易出题的地方。并列递进关系处：and,orthen,inaddition,besides,inotherwords,5.句:高度概括性的句子，直接反映出作者的写作目的或意图，因此也是出题点6.独立成段句、长难句乃至特殊标点符号（破折号、小括号、冒号等）二、学会排除干扰选项文章选文章选项无。指给出的选项在文章中作者根本没有提到答案本身错。指给出的选项本身就是错误AB等价选项不可选。选项中有等价表述的二者都不选有绝对词，通常不可选。语气委婉、缓和通常可选6.正确答案有关，凡偏 通常都是错误选项第三PassagePoliticiansdoit.Charitiestoo.Andnowfor-profitentrepreneursaretraptheInternettogetsmallamountsofmoneyfromlotsofsupporters.Onepartsocialnetworkingandonepartcapitalaccumulation,crowdfundingwebsitesseektoharnesstheenthusiasm—andpocketmoney—ofvirtualstrangers,promisingthemacutofthereturns.helpsthecommonpeopletofinancedesigners.BritisharyfilmmakerFrannyArmstrongraisedmorethan£450,000($815,000)tofinance—andworkfulltimeon—TheAgeofStupid,whichshehopeswilleattheSundanceFilmFestivalinJanuary.Peoplewhogave20quid($35)gotacreditonthefiwebsite;thosewhogave£5,000($9,000)andupwillgetrcentageoftheprofits,ifthereareThetermcrowdfundingderivesfromanotherneologism:crowdsourcing,i.e.,outsourcingtothepublicjobstypicallyperformedbyemployees.WanttostartaT-shirtbusiness?Whynothavethemassessubmitdesigns(crowdfunding)andfinancetheonestheylike(crowdfunding)?That’swhat isng,inafashion-forwardknockoffof whichgenerated$17millioninrevenuesin2006byhavingthecrowdchooseT-shirtdesigns.“Ifyouputmoneydowntosupportadesign,that’sastrongindicatorofactualdemand,”saysCameesafounderAndrewCronk,aprogrammerinChicago.Inotherwords,thefolkswhofundyourventuredoubleasa-ratefocusgroup. connectsmusicloverswithunsignedartistslookingtorecordalbums.It’sawaytobypassthelabels;groupiescannowfillthatrole.Musicianshaveprofileswithbiosandsongs,andassoonastheysell5,000shares,at$10apop,it’stimetoheadtotherecordingstudio.Intwoyears,morethan30,000peoplehaveponiedupmorethan$2.5million,and25musicianshavecutorarecuttingalbum.Sofar,theaveragereturnoneach$10investmentisabout$2.50fromCDsalesandads.Themoneygetssplitamongtheartist,SellaBandandtheartist’s“believers”—anaptdescriptionforthosewhocontributed.“People emotionallyinvestedaspartofateam,”saysMarkMaclaine,bassistintheBritishbandSecond,whichinsixmonthsraised$50,000from741investorsandhassincehaditsfeaturedonVHIUKandMTVUK.“Rightnowthingsaregoingreallywell,”saysMaclaine,whoiswarilypursuingmusicfulltime.“MaybeI’llbeworkinginWal-Martinafewmonths.”Butatleast741peoplearebettinghewon’tbe.(417words,2014年建行WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcrowdfundingaccordingtotheItcollectsmoneyfromEntrepreneursinvestintheInternettogetItisakindofcapitalItcollectsmoneyfromWhatcanwelearnfromthesecondFrannyArmstronghopestoattendtheSundanceFilmPeoplewhogave20quids($35)cangetatickettowatchtheAllthosewhofinancedthefilmwill rcentageofthefinancedFrannyArmstrongtomakehernewItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph ifthingsgowell,MarkMaclainewillworkinWal-MartinafewMarkMaclainedoesnotwanttoworkinWal-MartMarkMaclainedoesnotwanttopursuemusicanyMarkMaclainehopestoworkinWal-MartinafewAccordingtothe moreandmorepeoplebegintousecrowdfundingasagreathelptotheirgenerated$17millioninrevenuesinhelpstoconnectmusicloverswithunsignedartistslookingtorecordcrowdfundingmeansoutsourcingtothepublicjobstypicallyperformedbyWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisHowtosupporttheToGainProfitsfromthePassageItusedtobethatpeoplewereproudtoworkforthesamecompanyforthewholeoftheirworkinglives.They’dgetagoldwatchatoftheirproductiveyearsandadinnerfeaturingspeechesbytheirbossespraisingtheirloyalty.Buttoday’srichcapitalistshaveregressed()tothe“survivalofthefittest”ideastheirloyaltyextendsnottotheirworkersoreventotheirstockholdersbutonlytothemselves.Insteadofgivingoutgoldwatchesworthahundredorsodollarsforfortyorsoyearsofwork,theygrabtensandevenhundredsofmillionsofdollarsastheysellfortheirownprofitthecompanytheymayhavebeenwithforonlyafewThenewrichselfishlyactontheirowntounfairlygrabthewealththatthecountryasawholehasproduced.Thetop1percentofthepopulationnowhaswealthequaltothewholebottom95percentandtheywantmore.Theirselfishnessismostshamelesslyexpressedindownsizingandoutsourcingbecausethesebusinessmaneuversdon’tacttocreatenewjobsasthefounderofnewindustriesusedtodo,butonlyoutjobswhilekeethemoneyvalueofwhatthosejobsproducedforthemselves.Tokeepthemoneymachineworkingsmoothlytherichhaveboughtallthepoliticiansfromthetopdown.ThehimselfisconstantlyleavingWashingtonandthebusinessatthenationbecauseheissummonedto“fundraisingdinners”wherefatcatspayathousandorsodollarsaplatetowormtheirwayintoernmentnotthroughservicebutthroughdonationsofvastamountsofmoney.Onceontheinsidetheyhavebothpoliticalpartiesbusilytearingupalltheregulationsthatprotecttherestofusfromthegreedoftherich.Themiddleclassusedtobeloyaltothefreeenterprisesystem.Inthepast,thepeopleofthemiddleclassmostlythoughtthey’dberichthemselvessomedayorhaveagoodshotat ingrich.Butnowadays isbeingdistributedmoreandmoreunevenlyandcorporaoyaltyisathingofthepast.Themiddleclassmayalsowakeuptofetitsloyaltytotheso-calledfreeenterprisesystemaltogetherandthe ernmentwhichernsonlytherestofuswhilelettingthecorporationsdowhattheypleasewithourjobs.Asthingsstand,ifsomebodydoesn’twakeup,themiddleclassisonapathtobeingdownsizedallthewaytothebottomsociety.（422Itcanbeinferredfromtheparagraphthatpeopleusedtoplaceahighvalue job B.bosses’C.corpora D.retirementTheauthorisstronglycriticaloftoday’srichcapitalists notgivingnecessaryassistancetolaid-offizingtheirprofitsattheexpenseofnotsettinguplong-termgoalsfortheirrewardingonlythosewhoareconsideredtheTheimmediateconsequenceofthenewcapitalists’practice lossofcorporatelowerpayfortheahigherrateofadeclineinbusinessTherichtrytoswaythepolicyof ernment occupyingimportantpositionsinbothpoliticalmakingmonetarycontributionstodecision-pleasingthepublicwithgenerousconstantlyhostingfundraisingWhatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisTocallonthemiddleclasstoremainloyaltothefreeenterpriseTowarn ernmentoftheshrinkingoftheAmericanmiddleTopersuade ernmenttochangeitscurrenteconomicTourgethemiddleclasstowakeupandprotecttheirownPassageFormostofthe20thcentury,Askeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingunderfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedby inthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensibleernmentdirection.AstheneconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehand ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“ernmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;ernmentistheproblem.”Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisiveernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“bigernment.”IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantiernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugeernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattaenttotheideaofsmallerernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscalpoliciesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeanernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.（444words,2009年建行WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandHeavyrelianceonthehand Timelyreform ernmentatallFreemarket ernmentWhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying ernmentistheproblem”(Line4,Para.Manysocialevilsarecausedby ernmentManysocialproblemsarise ernment’sernmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicernmentregulationhinderseconomicWhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsinginSelf-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreeCooperationbetween ernmentandAbandonmentof ernmentbytheEffectivemeasuresadoptedby Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthe ernmentTheyurge ernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicTheydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilTheygiveuptheideaof ernmentandlessTheyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferentWhat’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanConservativeShrinkingLackofExcessivePassageImaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompley.Withthedollarslumtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhas equiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tngaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy—fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiamiforwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathas ehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forfivemonthsof2007,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakupslowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.（441words,2010年建行）WhydoAmericansfeelTheireconomyisTheycan’taffordtripstoTheircurrencyhasTheyhavelosthalfoftheirHowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryTheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewTheyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-popTheyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedTheymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicHowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.S.withthedevaluedTheyfeelcontemptuousofTheyaresympatheticwithTheyregarditasasuperpowerontheTheythinkofitasagoodtouristWhatistheauthor’sadvicetoTheytreatthedollarwithalittleTheytrytowinintheweak-dollarTheyvacationathomeratherthanTheytreasuretheirmarriagesalltheWhatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”?(Line2,ParaThedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoaThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallFewAmericanswillchangedollarsintootherPassageMosteconomistshategold.Not,youunderstand,thattheywouldturnuptheirnosesatabarortwo.Buttheyfindthereverenceinwhianyholdthemetalalmostirrational.Thatitwasusedasmoneyformillenniaisirrelevant:itisn’tanymore.Modernmoneytakestheformofpror,moreoften,electronicdata.Toeconomists,goldisnowjustanothercommodity.Sowhyisitspricesoaring?Overthepastweek,thishastopped$450atroyounce,upby9%sincethebeginningoftheyearand77%sinceApril2001.Ah,comesthereply,goldtransactionsaredenominatedindollars,andtheriseinthepricesimplyreflectsthedollar’sfallintermsofothercurrencies,especiallytheeuro,againstwhichithitanewlowthisweek.Expressedineuros,thegoldpricehasmovedmuchless.However,thereisnoironlink,asitwere,betweenthevalueofthedollarandthevalueofgold.Arisingpriceofgold,likethatofanythingelse,canreflectanincreaseindemandaswellasadepreciationofitsunitofaccount.Thisiswheregoldbullscomein.Thefallinthedollarisimportant,butmainlybecauseasastoreofvaluethedollarstinks.Withafewlongishrallies,thegreenbackhasbeenonadownwardtrendsinceitcameoffthegoldstandardin1971.Nowitissufferingoneofitssharperdeclines.Atthemargin,extrademandhascomefromthosewhothinkdollars--indeedanymoneybackedbynothingmorethanpromisestokeepinflationlow--adecidedlyriskyinvestment,mainlybecauseAmerica,withtheworld’sreservecurrency,hasbeenabletocreateandborrowsomanyofthem.Theleastpainfulwayofrepayingthosedollarsistomakethemworthless.Thestrikingexceptiontothisextrademandcomesfromcentralbanks,whichwouldliketosellsomeofthegoldtheyalreadyhave.Asalegacyofthedayswhentheircurrencieswerebackedbythemetal,centralbanksstillholdone-fifthoftheworld’sgold.LastmonththeBankofFrancesaiditwouldsell500tonnesincomingyears.Butbigsalesbycentralbankscancausethepricetoplunge--aswhentheBankofEnglandsold395tonnesbetween1999and2002.Theresultwasanagreementbetweencentralbankstoco-ordinateandlimitfuturesales.Ifthepriceofgoldmarcheshigher,thisagreementwillpresumablyberippedup,althoughadollarcrisismightmakecentralbanksthinktwiceaboutswitchingintoprmoney.Willtheoverhangofcentral-bankgolddragthepricedownagain?Notnecessarily.AsJamesGrant,goldbugandpublisherofGrant’sInterestRateObserver,anewsletter,pointsout,inrecentyearsthehugeglutofernmentdebthasnotstoppedasharpriseinitsprice.（485words,2010年建行）Ineconomists’eyes,goldis theylookdownthatcanbeexchangedintheworthpeople’sthatshouldbereplacedbyotherformsofAccordingtotheauthor,oneofthereasonsfortherisingofgoldprice theincreasingdemandfthedepreciationofthethelinkbetweenthedollarandtheincrementofthevalueoftheWecaninferfromthethirdparagraph thedeclineofthedollarisAmericabenefitsfromthedepreciationofthethedepreciationofthedollarisgoodnewstootherinvestmentinthedollaryieldsmorereturnsthanthatinThephrase“rippedup”(Line1,Paragraph5)mostprobably B.C. D.tornAccordingtothepassage,theriseofgold willnotlastwillattractsomecentralbankstosellwillimpelcentralbankstoswitchinto rwillleadtoadollarPassageIntimesofeconomiccrisis,Americansturntotheirfamiliesforsupport.IftheGreatDepressionisanyguide,wemayseeadropinoursky-highdivorcerate.Butthiswon’tnecessarilyrepresentanincreaseinhappymarriages.Inthelongrun,theDepressionweakenedAmericanfamilies,andthecurrentcrisiswillprobablydothesame.WetendtothinkoftheDepressionasatimewhenfamiliespulledtogethertosurvivehugejoblosses.By1932,whennearlyone-quarteroftheworkforcewasunemployed,ithaddeclinedbyaround25percentfrom1929.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatpeopleweresuddenlyhappierwiththeirmarriages.Rather,with plummetingandinsecurejobs,unhappycouplesoftencouldn’taffordtodivorce.Theyfearedthatneitherspousewouldbeabletomanagealone.Today,giventhejoblossesofthepastyear,fewerunhappycoupleswillriskstartingseparatehouseholds.Furthermore,thehousingmarketmeownwillmakeitmoredifficultforthemtofinancetheirseparationsbysellingtheirhomes.Afterfinancialdisastersfamilymembersalsotendtodowhatevertheycantohelpeachotherandtheircommunities.A1940book,“TheUnemployedManandHisFamily,”describedafamilyinwhichthehusbandinitiallyreactedtolosinghisjob“withtirelesssearchforwork.”Hewasalwaysactive,lookingforoddjobstoTheproblemisthatsuchanimpulseishardtosustain.Acrossthecountry,manysimilarfamilieswereunabletomaintaintheinitialboostinmorale.Forsome,thehardshipsoflifewithoutsteadyworkeventuallyoverwhelmedtheirattemptstokeeptheirfamiliestogether.Therateroseagainduringtherestofthedecadeastherecoverytookhold.MillionsofAmericanfamiliesmaynowbeintheinitialstageoftheirresponsestothecurrentcrisis,workingtogetherandsupportingoneanotherthroughtheearlymonthsofunemployment.Today’seconomicslumpcouldwellgenerateasimilarbacklogofcoupleswhoserelationshipshavebeenirreparablyruined.Soitisonlywhentheeconomyishealthyagainthatwewillbegintoseejusthowmanyfracturedfamilieshavebeencreated.(357words)Intheinitialstage,thecurrenteconomiccrisisislikely tearmanytroubledfamiliescontributetoenduringfamilybringaboutadropinthedivorcecausealot sintheIntheGreatDepressionmanyunhappycoupleschosetosticktogether startinganewfamilywouldbetheyexpectedthingswouldturntheywantedtobetterprotecttheirliving ywouldbetooInadditiontojoblosses,whatstandsinthewayofunhappycouplesgettingaMountingfamilyAsenseofDifficultyingettingaFallinghousingWhatwillthecurrenteconomiccrisiseventuallydotosomemarriedItwillforcethemtopulltheireffortsItwillunderminetheirmutualItwillhelpstrengthentheiremotionalItwillirreparablydamagetheirWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastTheeconomicrecoverywillseeahigherdivorceFewcouplescanstandthetestofeconomicAstablefamilyisthebestprotectionagainstMoneyisthefoundationofmanyahappyPassageWalkingintoaroomtodiscoverthatthefloorkeepsslipandslidingisacommonprobleminMCEscherdrawing,supervillaindeathtrapsandstatesofexceedinginebriation.Thepredicamentalsoseemstobespreadingtotheoilmarketoflate.Worldcrudepriceshavepausedfollowingtheircollapsethismonth.USoilisholdingat$82abarrelandBrentat$85.Howtemptingtolookoverthecliffedgeandconcludethatthefloorisnot,infact,toofardown.Onesupportmaysimplybethatdisruptionstosupply(whichhavebeendeclininglay)mayriseagainbecauseofpoliticalPerhaps$80or$70isthelowestpriceatwhichcapitalremainswillingtofinanceexpansioninUSshaleoilfields,therofthatmarket’smarginalbarrels.Orthefloormay(also)bethelowestpriceatwhichOpecproducersbalancepublicspendingwithrevenue.Perhaps.Butneitherfloormightremainwhereitis.Takebreak-evenbudgetprices,SaudiArabiahasdoubledernmentspendingsince2008.Revenueshaveonlyrisen7percentinthesameperiod,notesBankofAmerica.ItcertainlysoundslikeRiyadhcannotpushonebuttonforOctober’svolatility-cuttingpricestoretainitsmarketshare-muchfurtherwithoutforcingitselfintoabudgetdeficit.Butlookoutsidethequestionofoilrevenue,andernmentassetsof$450bnwouldbe