(新高考)高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册 Unit 1　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·江苏如皋教学质量调研)MartinStephenlosthiscousinDavidJeffreyandalmostlosthisownlifewhentheyweresweptintoastrongwaveasaforce10galehitDunbartwodaysbeforeChristmasin1970.ThepairhadbeenclimbingrocksattheentrancetoDunbarharbourtowatchthestormrollin，astheyhaddonemanytimesbefore.Asuddenwavepulled11-year-oldDavidintothewater.Martin，whowas21，jumpedinafterhimtotrytosavehimbutthewaveswerejusttoostrong.Davidwasneverfound.Martinwasleftstrugglingagainsttheswell.ThelifeboatcrewatDunbarwasdeployedandafteradramaticrescuemission，Martinwaspulledfromthesea.Fivedecadeslater，Martinwrotetothecrewtothankthemoncemorefortheirbraveactionswhichallowedhimtogoonandliveafullandhappylife.AndhehadtheopportunitytotalkviavideocalltoDavidKittrick—oneofthemenwhohelpedhim.DavidwasayoungvolunteerandhemanagedtopullMartin’sheadabovetheicywaterasothercrewmembersjoinedtherescue.MartinwaseventuallypulledaboardtheMargaretlifeboat，wherehewasresuscitated.Thementookitinturnstokeephimaliveuntiltheycouldgethimashore.DavidBruntonwasthecrewmemberwhopulledMartinoutofthewaterthatday.Heisnolongeralive，anditisonlynowthathissonJamiehaslearnedthefulldetailsoftherescue.Jamiesaid，“Iremembermydadcominghomeinthelateafternoonsoakingwet.Ifithadn’tbeenformymotherwhoputtheplaqueuponthewallthathegotfortherescue，wewouldn’thaveknownanythingaboutit.Dadwasn’tkeentotalkaboutit.”DavidBruntonwasawardedtheRNLIBronzeMedalforGallantry.Martin，aretiredheadteacher，said，“IhavebeengiventhemostextraordinaryChristmaspresentanyhumanbeingcangive.Onelifewastragicallylostonthatday，butDavidBruntondidn’tjustsaveonelife—hesavedninelives.Hesavedmythreesonsandfivegrandchildren.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了50年前DavidBrunton因救了落入海里的MartinStephen而被授予皇家全国救生艇学会英勇勋章的事迹。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutDavidJeffreyfromthepassage?A．HelosthislifeonChristmas.B．Hewasalifeboatcrewmember.C．HewasfounddeadatDunbar.D．Hewassweptawaybythewave.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Asuddenwavepulled11-year-oldDavidintothewater.”以及“Davidwasneverfound.”可知，DavidJeffrey被海浪卷走了。故选D。2．Whendidthestorymostprobablyhappen?A．Atnightinwinter.B．Atnightinsummer.C．Onawinter’safternoon.D．Onasummer’safternoon.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“twodaysbeforeChristmasin1970”以及倒数第二段中“Iremembermydadcominghomeinthelateafternoonsoakingwet.”可知，故事最可能发生在冬天的下午。故选C。3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavidBrunton?A．Braveandmodest.B．Strictandselfless.C．Helpfulandgenerous.D．Cleveranddetermined.答案A解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Dadwasn’tkeentotalkaboutit.”及最后一段中“wasawardedtheRNLIBronzeMedalforGallantry”可推知，DavidBrunton勇敢且谦虚。故选A。4．WhatdoesMartinmeanbysaying“hesavedninelives”？A．DavidBrunton’slifeisthebestChristmaspresent.B．DavidBrunton’sacthasanimpactonhisfamily.C．DavidBrunton’sclimbingrocksmattersgreatly.D．DavidBruntonwouldsavelivesatChristmas.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，要不是DavidBrunton救了Martin，Martin就不可能成立家庭并拥有后代，所以Martin说“他救了九条命”意思是DavidBrunton的行为对他的家庭产生了影响。故选B。BAsCOVID-19hitandtheworldwentintovaryinglevelsoflockdown(封锁)，itbecamedifficultforresearcherstoknowwhatwashappeningintheocean.Butnow，youcanjointheeOceansplatformtohelpresearchersgatherdataonoceansandoceanecosystemsinreal-time.DownloadingtheeOceansapponyoursmartphoneandloggingwhatyouseewhenyouareonthecoastorintheocean，includinganyanimals，people，pollutionorevenanemptybeach，youcanhelpresearchersmonitortheworld’soceans.Theappletsyounoteyourobservationsaswellasuploadphotos.Thisinformationisthenlinkedtoyourgeographicallocationandismadeaccessibletoscientistsstudyingthatregion.UsingeOceansdata，researcherscanremotelymonitorhowoceansandcoastalcommunitiesworldwidearehappening，includinginthecontextofthepandemic(疫情)．Inreality，observationsrecordedthrougheOceansarealreadyprovidingvaluableinsights.DuringAustralia’slockdown，forexample，thelargestgroupofturtlesinthecountry’shistorywasspottedbyresearchersusingeOceansdata.AndinHawaii，datafromtheappsuggeststhatclearerwatersareassociatedwithareductionintouristsduringthepandemic.Negativeimpactsofthepandemicontheoceanhavealsobeenpickedupthroughtheapp，includinganincreaseinpollutionfrompersonalprotectiveequipment，aswellaspandemic-relatedinterruptionstomarinerecoveryfollowinga2019oilleakinBrazilianwaters.“Infuture，datafromeOceanscouldhelpenableearlydetectionofhazards(危害)，suchasoilleaks，sothattheycanbedealtwithsooner，”saysChristineWard-Paige，founderandchiefscientistateOceans.“Tillnow，morethan1,000peoplehavealreadyjoinedtheeOceansplatform，”saysWard-Paige.“Butmoredataonwildlifespottedalongcoastlines，aswellasinformationonhowpeopleareusingthesespaces，arestillneeded.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在疫情封锁的状态下，人们可以通过eOceans平台及时收集和上传海洋信息以帮助研究人员监测海洋。5．HowcanpeoplehelpresearchersmonitortheoceanthroughtheeOceansplatform?A．Bydownloadingandobservingsomedataofhazards.B．Byspottingandmarkingthepreviousmarinerecovery.C．Bycollectinganduploadingtimelyoceanicinformation.D．Bydetectingandreportingyourpresentgeographicallocation.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，人们可以通过eOceans平台及时收集和上传海洋信息以帮助研究人员监测海洋。故选C。6．WhichdiscoveryhasbeenmadebasedontheeOceansdata?A．AnoilleakoccurringinAustralianwaters.B．ThelargestturtlefoundinAustralia’shistory.C．AfactorcontributingtoclearerwatersinHawaii.D．Aboomoftourismappearingduringthepandemic.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“AndinHawaii，datafromtheappsuggeststhatclearerwatersareassociatedwithareductionintouristsduringthepandemic.”可知，根据eOceans的数据，研究人员得出了一个有助于夏威夷水域更清澈的因素。故选C。7．WhatisWard-Paige’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftheeOceansplatform?A．Indifferent. B．Optimistic.C．Doubtful. D．Anxious.答案B解析观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中ChristineWard-Paige所说的话“Infuture，datafromeOceanscouldhelpenableearlydetectionofhazards(危害)，suchasoilleaks，sothattheycanbedealtwithsooner”可知，ChristineWard-Paige对eOceans平台的未来很乐观。故选B。8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．KeepinganEyeontheOceanB．CaringAbouttheOceanPollutionC．ShowingLovetoCoastalCreaturesD．MonitoringtheQualityofSeawater答案A解析标题归纳题。根据第二段首句以及全文内容可知，文章主要是讲人们通过eOceans平台可以帮助研究人员监测世界海洋。故选A。CHaveyoueverheardsomeonesay，“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”，orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast?Itseemsthatthismeal，formanyofus，isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell，butisitreallythatimportant?Theword“breakfast”comesfrom“breakingthefast”—theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedon’teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreserves.Breakfastgivesusanopportunitytoreplenishthosereducedstoresofthingslikeproteinandcalcium.So，inthatway，ahealthybreakfastmakessense.Therearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtoconnectastateofbeingoverweightwithnoteatingbreakfast.Infact，itleadsmanyhealthexpertstoadviseahealthybreakfasttonotonlycontrolbutalsoloseweight.InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears，andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMI(体重指数)，whichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.Butitmightnotbeassimpleasthat.AlexandraJohnstone，professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen，suggeststhosewhodonothavebreakfastmightbelessawareofhealthydietsandnutrition，andpeoplewhoeatbreakfastmighthaveahealthierlifestyleoverallexercisingandnotsmoking，forexample.Andhealsopointsoutthatwiththeriseinpopularityofintermittent(间歇的)fastingtoloseweight，theremayalsobesomebenefitstonoteatingbreakfast，likeimprovingbloodsugarcontrolandloweringbloodpressure.So，whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits，itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.Itseemsthatahealthylifestylewithabalanceddietmightbemoreimportantformanyofusthanjustonesinglemeal.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，早餐对于健康有一定的意义，但更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。9．Whydoestheauthorlistthequestionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Togiveawarning.B．Tooffersomeadvice.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toproveacertainfact.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段列举的问题及关键句“Itseemsthatthismeal，formanyofus，isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell，butisitreallythatimportant？”以及下文可知，作者在第一段列举问题，是为了引出下文的话题。故选C项。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“replenish”meaninParagraph2?A．Setaside. B．Managewithout.C．Makeupfor. D．Runoutof.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreserves.”及“thosereducedstoresofthingslikeproteinandcalcium”可知，replenish与makeupfor意思相近，表示“补充，弥补”。故选C项。11．WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromJohnstone’sresearch?A．Skippingbreakfastmaydogoodtoourhealth.B．ThosewhoeatbreakfastcankeepalowerBMI.C．Breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.D．Intermittentfastingcontributesgreatlytoweightloss.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“theremayalsobesomebenefitstonoteatingbreakfast，likeimprovingbloodsugarcontrolandloweringbloodpressure”可知，从Johnstone的研究中可知，不吃早餐也有可能对我们的健康有益。故选A项。12．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoattheendofthetext?A．Trynewlifestyles.B．Followabalanceddiet.C．Paymoreattentiontobreakfast.D．Beawareofthebenefitsofeachmeal.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，作者建议我们应该均衡饮食。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五LastSundayIwasthinkingaboutthedifferencebetweensuccessfulpeopleandthosewhodon’tachieveanythingsignificant.Imadeaninterestingdiscovery.Thisdifferencemayatfirstlookobvious，butthefactisquitetheopposite.1Everyonehasapurposebehindtheiractions.Iftheydon’t，theywouldn’ttakeaction.2Whentheytakeaction，atthebackoftheirmindstheythinkaboutsuccessthatthisactionisgoingtobringthem.3What’sthepurposebehindyouractions？Doyouworktothrive(蓬勃发展)ortosurvive?Doyougotoworktofeedyourfamilyortocreateanamazinglifestyle?Differentpurposeswillresultincompletelydifferentlifeexperiences.Peoplewhoworktosurvivearetheoneswhofearthatsomeunexpectedbillwillarrive.Theygotobedworryingaboutmoneyandunimportantthings.Theyhatetheiremploymentbutdon’tquitbecausetheydoubttheirownabilitytocreatesomethinggreater.IknowthiskindoffeelingbecauseIwaslikethatonce.That’saveryuncomfortablestatetobeinbecauseyouareconstantlyworriedaboutinsignificantthings.4Therefore，youcannotachieveanythinggreat.Nowtherearesomepeoplewhodon’taccept