(新高考)高考英语一轮复习必修第一册 Unit 4　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·广东汕头金山中学期中)ThepersonwhosetthecourseofmylifewasaschoolteachernamedMarjorieHurd.WhenIsteppedoffashipinNewYorkHarborin1949，Iwasanine-year-oldwarrefugee，whohadlosthismotherandwascomingtolivewiththefatherhedidnotknow.Mymother，EleniGatzoyiannis，hadbeenimprisonedandshotforsendingmysistersandmetofreedom.IwasthirteenyearsoldwhenIenteredChandlerJuniorHigh.ShortlyafterIarrived，Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring“clubhours”．Theideaofhobbiesandclubsmadenosensetomyimmigrantears，butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass.SheledmeintothepresenceofMsHurd，theschoolnewspaperadviserandEnglishteacher.Atoughwomanwithsalt-and-pepperhairanddeterminedeyes，MsHurdhadnopatiencewithlazybones.Shedrilledusingrammar，assignedstoriesforustoreadanddiscuss，andeventuallytaughtushowtoputoutanewspaper.HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland，makingmeproudofmyorigins.HereffortsinspiredmetounderstandthelogicandstructureoftheEnglishlanguage.Owingtoherinspiration，duringmynexttwenty-fiveyears，Ibecameajournalistbyprofession.MsHurdretiredattheageof62.Bythen，shehadtaughtforatotalof41years.Evenafterherretirement，shecontinuallymadeaprojectofunwillingstudentsinwhomshespiedasparkofpotential.Thestudentsweremainlyfromthemosttroubledhomes，yetshealternatelybulliedandcharmedthemwithherownspecialbrandoftoughlove，untilthesparkcaughtfire.MsHurdwastheonewhodirectedmygriefandpainintowriting.ButforMsHurd，Iwouldn’thavebecomeareporter.Shewastheonewhosentmeintojournalismandindirectlycausedallthegoodthingsthatcameafter.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了自己的老师MarjorieHurd，并重点讲述了Hurd老师对自己的人生道路产生的重要影响。1．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Hobbiesandclubsdidnotinteresttheauthor.B．Theauthorturnedadeafeartojoiningclubs.C．Hobbiesandclubswereinaccessibletoimmigrantsliketheauthor.D．Theauthorhadnoideawhathobbiesandclubswereallabout.答案D解析句意理解题。根据上文的介绍“ShortlyafterIarrived，Iwastoldtoselectahobbytopursueduring‘clubhours’．”，再结合后文“butIdecidedtofollowtheprettiestgirlinmyclass”中的but，可以推测出画线句子表示的意思应与之相反，所以D项“作者根本不知道业余爱好和俱乐部是什么”符合语境。故选D。2．Whichofthefollowingcausedtheauthortothinkofhishomelanddifferently?A．SteppingontheAmericansoilforthefirsttime.B．BeingexposedtoGreekliteraryworks.C．Hermother’smiserabledeath.D．Followingtheprettiestgirlinhisclass.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“HerintroductiontotheliterarywealthofGreecegavemeanewperspectiveonmywar-tornhomeland，makingmeproudofmyorigins.”可知，Hurd老师让作者了解了希腊文学这一宝贵财富，使得他对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的不同的认识，并为之感到自豪。故选B。3．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that.A．MsHurdemployedauniquewaytohandletheunwillingstudentsB．MsHurd’scontributionwasrecognizedacrossthenationC．studentsfromtroubledhomespreferredMsHurd’steachingstyleD．thestudentsMsHurdtaughtwereallfinallyfired答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，在Hurd老师退休之后，她继续用她独特、严厉的爱帮助不愿意学习的学生发挥他们的潜质。故选A。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtheauthorbecameajournalist.B．Theimportanceofinspirationinone’slife.C．Theteacherwhoshapedtheauthor’slife.D．Factorscontributingtoasuccessfulcareer.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章第一句可知，本文主要讲述了作者的老师MarjorieHurd对作者的人生道路产生的重要影响。C项中的“shapedtheauthor’slife”与“setthecourseofmylife”意思相近。故选C。BLasVegascityinNevadaisbuiltinadesert.Thecitymaybeknowntotheoutsideworldforitspartying.Butofficialshavefoundthatthereare21squarekilometersofuselessgrass.Thegrassisneverlainon，playedonorevensteppedon.Thegrassisonlytheretolooknice.Now，thecityisaskingtheNevadaStateLegislaturetobanuselessgrass.ItistryingtobecomethefirstplaceinAmericatobanthatkindofgrassoftenseenbetweenstreets，inhousingdevelopmentsandinofficeparks.Itisestimatedthatuselessgrassmakesup40%ofallthegrassinLasVegasanditneedsalotofwatertosurvive.Grassneedsfourtimesmorewaterthandryclimateplantslikecactus.Bytearingoutthegrass，thecitycouldreduceyearlywaterusageby15%.In2003，theSouthernNevadaWaterAuthoritybanneddevelopersfromplantinggrassinfrontofnewhomes.Italsoofferedhomeowners$30foreachsquaremeterofgrasstheytoreout.Butfewerpeoplearenowusingtheprogram.WaterusagehasincreasedinsouthernNevadaby9%since2019.Andlastyear，LasVegaswentarecord240dayswithoutmajorrainfall.TheColoradoRiverprovidesmuchofNevada’sdrinkingwater.Therivercouldlosemorewaterasclimatechangeaffectsit.Waterofficialsinotherdrycitiessaywaterusageneedstobereduced.ButtheyfearthereactiontoreformsliketheonesinLasVegasiftheircommunitiesdonotacceptthem.CynthiaCampbellisthewaterresourcesadviserforthecityofPhoenixinArizona.“Theremightcomeapointwhencityrestrictionsgettoosevereforsomeresidents.They’llsaythatisthepointofnoreturnforthem，”Campbellsaid.“Forsomepeople，it’sapool.Forsomepeople，it’sgrass.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，拉斯维加斯是建立在沙漠的城市，水非常珍贵。然而城市的草消耗了大量的水。为节约用水，该市要求立法机构通过一项法律，除掉没有用途的草。5．WhydoesLasVegascitytrytobanuselessgrass?A．Toprotectthelocalpeople.B．Tobeautifythecity.C．Toreducewaterusage.D．Toreducewaste.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，拉斯维加斯市试图通过立法清理掉没有用途的草，主要是为了节约用水。故选C。6．WhatprogramwascarriedoutinLasVegasin2003?A．Allowingplantinggrassbeforenewhouses.B．Encouragingtheresidentstotearoutgrass.C．Praisingthosewhosignedontheprogram.D．Awardingthosewhoreducedwaterusage.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，2003年在拉斯维加斯实施了鼓励居民把草拔掉的项目。故选B。7．WhatisimpliedinCampbell’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．Manyresidentswon’tfollowtheban.B．Reactiontothereformwillvarypersonally.C．Othermeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectwater.D．Waterofficialsshouldtakemanyfactorsintoaccount.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Forsomepeople，it’sapool.Forsomepeople，it’sgrass.”可知，Campbell所说的话暗示了对改革的反应因人而异。故选B。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．LasVegasPlanstoBanUselessGrassB．AMethodIsAdoptedtoSaveLasVegasC．ChoicesbetweenBeautyandPracticeD．GrassIsImportantbutUselessinLasVegas答案A解析标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是拉斯维加斯市准备通过一项法律，除掉城市里没有用途的草，其目的是节约用水。由此可知，A项最适合作本文的标题。故选A。CCouldlookingthroughtreesbetheviewtoagreenerfuture?Treesreplacingtheclearglassinyourwindowsisnotaworkofsciencefiction.It’shappeningnow.ForestProductsLaboratoryresearcherJunyongZhutogetherwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofMarylandandUniversityofColoradohasdevelopedatransparentwoodmaterialthatmaybethewindowoftomorrow.Researchersfoundthattransparentwoodhasthepotentialtooutperformglasscurrentlyusedinconstructioninnearlyeveryway.Whileglassisthemostcommonmaterialusedinwindowconstruction，itcomeswithquiteafewbadconsequences.Heateasilytransfersthroughglassandamountstohigherenergybillswhenitescapesduringcoldweatherandpoursinwhenit’swarm.Glassproductionusedforconstructionalsocomeswithaheavycarbonfootprint.Manufacturingemissionsaloneareapproximately25,000metrictonsperyear，withoutconsideringtheheavyfootprintoftransportingtheglass.Theinnovationwasdevelopedusingwoodfromthebalsatree，whichisnativetoSouthandCentralAmerica.Theteamtreatedbalsawoodtoanoxidizingbath，wherethewoodiskeptinableachsolutionatroomtemperaturetoremovethelight-absorbingsubstancefromthestructure.Thewoodwasthenpenetrated(注入)withasyntheticpolymercalledpolyvinylalcohol(PVA)，creatingaproductthatisvirtuallytransparent.Sothetransparentwoodwascreated，whichisfarmoredurableandlighterthanglass.Switchingtotransparentwoodcouldprovetobecost-efficientaswell.Itisapproximatelyfivetimesmorethermallyefficientthanglass，cuttingenergycosts.Itismadefromasustainable，renewableresourcewithlowcarbonemissions.Withallofthesepotentialbenefitsforconsumers，manufacturingandtheenvironment，thecasefortransparentwoodcouldn’tbeclearer.语篇解读本文是说明文，研究发明了一种新型材料——透明的木材，它比玻璃更耐用，也更轻。9．Whatisthemainproblemwithglassusedinwindowconstruction?A．Itisinefficientinlettingheatout.B．Itdoesnotreflectlightandheat.C．Itcausesahighecologicalcost.D．Itisinconvenienttotransport.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，玻璃窗户会产生更高的能源账单，有严重的碳足迹，说明玻璃窗户的主要问题是不利于环境，需付出更大的生态代价。故选C项。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“ableachsolution”inParagraph4referto?A．Aliquidtomakeobjectswhite.B．Aprocesstosolveproblems.C．Acontainertostoreliquids.D．Awaytomakecolorsfade.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句“Theteamtreatedbalsawoodtoanoxidizingbath，wherethewoodiskeptinableachsolutionatroomtemperaturetoremovethelight-absorbingsubstancefromthestructure.”可知，研究小组将巴尔沙木材置于ableachsolution中可知，solution“溶液”，且能去除结构中的吸光物质。结合常识，白色不吸光，所以巴尔沙木材会变白，可得出ableachsolution是一种能让物体变白的液体。故选A项。11．WhatdoesParagraph4focuson?A．Howtomakethingstransparent.B．Howtoproducethenewmaterial.C．Thebenefitsofthewoodmaterial.D．Thegreatimportanceofinnovation.答案B解析段落大意题。第四段最后一句“Sothetransparentwoodwascreated，whichisfarmoredurableandlighterthanglass.”是对这一段内容的总结，所以可知本段讲述的是如何生产出这种新型材料。故选B项。12．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstransparentwood?A．Skeptical. B．Ambiguous.C．Conservative. D．Appreciative.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为透明木材对消费者、制造业和环境有潜在好处，说明作者对透明木材持欣赏的态度。故选D项。Ⅱ.七选五KeystoaGoodFamilyLifeInpostersandads，weoftenseepicturesofhappyfamilies，butfamilylifeisnotallsmilesandlaughter.Allfamiliesaredifferentandhaveproblems，butyoucanmakeyourfamilylifebetterwithhardworkanddetermination.1Spendtimetogetherasafamily.Somepeoplearetoobusyforfamilytime.Youhavetosetasidetimetoplanandspendspecialtimestogether.2Maketheconversationaroundthetablepleasantandcaring；maybeaskeachpersonhowtheirdaywasorwhatishappeningintheirschoolorworklife.Doinghouseholdchorestogetheralsohelps.3Allowmembersofyourfamilytoexpresstheirownfeelingsandideas.Maintaineyecontactanddon’tinterruptwhensomeoneistalking.Listencarefullytowhattheyaresaying，beforeyoujudgeordisagree.Hearingsomeoneelse，andbeingheardbythatperson，isthefoundationofagoodrelationship.4Trynottobeangryatsomeone’sopinions.Evenifyouthinkthattheyarewrong，listenwithanopenmindtoshowthatyoucare—andrememberthatnooneisperfect.Meeteachother’sneeds.Givetimetoeachandeveryoneofyourfamilymembers.Knowwhatisgoingonintheirlivesandwhattheyneedhelpwith.5Iftheyneedhelpwithsomething，setasidetimetodoso.Tobeawareofyourfamilymembers’emotionalandphysicalneeds，youneedtocommunicate.A．Listentotheirproblems.B．Tryapplyingthefollowingsteps.C．Alloweachpersontobeanindividual.D．Sothesestepswillhelpyouallgeton