2020届高考一轮复习英语语法专项十五：数词

2020届高考一轮复习语法专项十五：数词高考重点要求：1．掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法2．掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。数词在各个题项中，单选、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精确性和可信性。数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表范围特点实例1〜12无规律one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13〜19以teen为结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20~90以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21~99十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five,sixty-five,ninety-nine101~999百位与十位之间通常用andthreehundredandtwenty-five（美语中常将and省略）千以上6275—sixthousandtwohundredandseventy-five；1200—twelvehundred二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表三）数词的用法：英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表June30,2001June30,200130June,200130thJune,20017：25seventwenty-fivetwenty-fivepasteven12:54twelvefiftyfoursixtoone9:15ninefifteenaquarterpastnine2:30twothirtyhalfpasttwo21:50twenty-onefifty9:50p.m.第21twenty-first第123onehundredandtwenty-third2001．6．30

12ahalf22-twoandtwo-fifths520%20percent20percent第七路公共汽车BusNumberSeven第201房间Room201人民路153号153RenminRoad4+8=12Fourpluseightistwelve11-7=4Elevenminussevenisfour.6X5=30Sixtimesfiveisthirty.20三5=4twentydividedbyfiveisfour.A>BAismorethanB.AVBAislessthanB.A^BAisapproximately(近似地,大约)equalstoB.AMBAisnotequaltoB.2.约数表示法列表含义英语表达例句大于某数morethanHehaslivedhereformorethantwentyyears.oversheisoverfifty.ormoreThere'rethirtypeopleormoreinthemeeting-room.小于某数lessthanIhavelessthan(notmorethan)fiftydollars.underChildrenundersevenarenotallowedtoenter.belowHewouldnotsellitforbelowahundredfiftydollarsorlessThecoatmightcosthimsixtydollarsorless.大约（某数）nearlySheisnearlyfiftynow.almostItsalmostthreeo'clock.almostuptoUptotenmencansleepinthistent.orHespentfourorfivedayswritingthearticle.orsoThedistanceistwentymilesorso.aboutIvisitedthatvillageaboutthreeyearsago.someTheirteamhassomefourorfiveplayers.

moreorlessThecontainercanholdmoreorlesstwentypoundsofwater.around/roundLet'smakeitround/aroundeighto'clock.3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译修饰可数名词dozensof几十、许多scoresof许多many,agood(great)many,manya(饰单数可数名词)许多、大量hundredsof数以百计thousandsof,thousandsuponthousandsof成千上万millionsof数百万billionsof亿万much,agreat(good)dealof,修饰不可数名词许多、大量

alargeamountof,largeamountsofalotof/lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,修饰可数名词或不可数名词许多、大量largequantitiesof练习、数词1.Two1.Two__diedofcoldlastwinter.hundredsoldpeopleC.hundredsoldpeoplesHewasonlyin__atthetime.his20'sB.the20'shundredoldpeopleD.hundredoldpeopleshistwentiesD.thetwentiesThetwogreatmenwrotethoselettersin1870'sB.1879sIwonderifIcanaskhim__time.Thetwogreatmenwrotethoselettersin1870'sB.1879sIwonderifIcanaskhim__time.fourB.fourthHecameout__inthetrackevents.firstB.oneItwasin1939that__brokeout.C.the1870'sD.the1870C.thefourthD.afourthC.thefirstD.theoneA.WorldWarSecondB.theWorldWarSecondC.SecondWorldWarD.WorldWarIIYou'llhavetospend__writingyourreporthere.A.onedayortwodaysB.onedayortwoA.onedayortwodaysB.onedayortwoC.adayortwoD.twodaysoroneHecutthecakeA.inhalvesB.inhalfC.intohalvesD.intohalfTheearthisnearly__themoon.A.50timethesizeofB.50timesthesizeofC.50timesassizeasD.50timesasthatof10.Eitheryouortheheadmaster__theprizesforthesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandinginaretohandoutarehandinginistohandout11.__ofthepopulationherearepeasants.A.20percentsB.20percentC.the20percentD.the20percents12.It'sabout__,thethicknessofahumanhair.A.two-fifteenthB.two-fifteenthsC.twofifteenD.twofifteens13.Thepriceofsuchmaterialwasreduced__.A.by18percentB.to18percentC.at18percentD.forHecutthecakeA.inhalvesB.inhalfC.intohalvesD.intohalfTheearthisnearly__themoon.A.50timethesizeofB.50timesthesizeofC.50timesassizeasD.50timesasthatof10.Eitheryouortheheadmaster__theprizesforthesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.ishandinginaretohandoutarehandinginistohandout11.__ofthepopulationherearepeasants.A.20percentsB.20percentC.the20percentD.the20percents12.It'sabout__,thethicknessofahumanhair.A.two-fifteenthB.two-fifteenthsC.twofifteenD.twofifteens13.Thepriceofsuchmaterialwasreduced__.A.by18percentB.to18percentC.at18percentD.for18percent14.Southoftheequator,81percentofthesurfaceoftheearthwater.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15.Theysold__boxesofsuchsweetslastweek.A.fourdozenB.fourdozensC.fourdozensofD.fourdozenofIttookme__daystofinishdrawingabeautifulhorse.A.ahalfdozenB.halfadozenC.haftdozensD.halfdozen__peopleweresenttheretohelpfightagainsttheflood.A.ThreescoresofB.ThreescoreofC.ThreescoreD.ThreescoresDon'tleaveyouwork,__A.donehalfhalfdoneahalfdonedoneahalfNobodycandotwothingswell__A.atonetimeB.atonceC.onetimeD.onceHehas__booksinhisstudy.A.severalthousandssomethousandsofC.somethousandsD.somethousandofOnNationalday__peopletakepartinallkindsofcelebration.A.hundredsofmillionsofmillionsofhundredofhundredsmillionsofmillionshundredsofHehaslivedat__for30years.A.No.101HepingStreetB.101HepingStreetC.HepingStreet101D.HepingstreetNo.101YoucanfindhiminA.Room201B.201Room

24.It'sA.Room201B.201Room

24.It's__walkfromheretomyschool.A.two-hoursB.twohours25.Itwasin__whenhewasalreadyinC.theRoom20D.the201RoomC.two-hourD.atwo-hourthathewenttoYan'an.A.the1940s,the40sB.the1940s,hisfortiesC.1940's,hisfortiesD.the1940's,his40sHewenttothemarketandbought__eggsandsomemeat.A.threedozenofB.threedozenC.threedozensD.threedozensof27.Shortlyaftertheaccidenttwo___policeweresenttothespottokeeporder.A.dozenofB.dozensC.dozenD.dozensofMrSmith___metobuyseveral__eggsforthedinner.A.asked,dozenB.suggested,dozensofC.had,dozenD.persuaded,dozensofofthelandinthatdistrict___coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,areTwo___diedofcoldlastwinter.A.hundredsoldpeopleB.hundredoldpeoplehundredoldpeoplesD.hundredoldpeoples31.Itisnotrarein___thatpeopleinfiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.A.90s,theB.the90s,/C.90s,theirD.the90s,their32.-Haveyouseenmanysheepinthedistance?-Yes,___.A.thousandofthemB.twothousandsofthemC.twothousandofthemD.twothousandthem数词1．BC表示"几十"的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为"二十多岁"。C定冠词"the"和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。4．D序数词前面加不定冠词表示"又一次"（已经四次了）A这里"first"有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种取得第一名"的习惯用法。D序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是thcSecondWorldWar的形式。C只有C项为正确的表达方式，或者也可以写成'oneortwodays".再如：onehourandahalf或oneandahalfhours．8.B"inhalf"表示"分成一样大小的两半"。也可以说"cut・・・intwo"9．B再如twicetheheight（depth，width，weight，etc．）ofDeither^or…连接主语用就近原则。betohandouttheprizes意为"要颁发奖品"。答案为B。百分比作修饰语，前面不加冠词且不能加复数。答案为B。分数做定语，分子用基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数，本题中，其它表达方式均不正确。答案为A。表增加或减少的数量的百分比，用by+百分数表示。答案为Ao不可数的名词的百分比用单数；可数名词的百分比则用复数。C项时态不对，另如：90percentofthepopulationherearepeasents.这个句子中population的意思是people.答案为Ao"dozen"与数词或many，several等词连用时复数一般不加s，故B、C两项不选。此外，dozen与数词连用做定语，一般也不加of.当然也有例外：Placethemindozensonthet