(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义第1部分 教材知识解读 必修第一册 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness (含答案)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．soccern．足球；足球运动2．stadiumn．(pl.stadiumsorstadia)体育场；运动场3．boxingn．拳击(运动)4．badmintonn．羽毛球运动5．marathonn．马拉松赛跑6．skiadj.滑雪的vi.滑雪7．trackandfield田径8．gymnasticsn．体操(训练)9．legendn．传奇故事(或人物)；传说10．gloryn．荣誉；光荣；赞美11．gracefuladj.优美的；优雅的12．push-upn．(especiallyNAmE)俯卧撑13．errorn．错误；差错Ⅱ.记重点单词1．eventn．比赛项目；大事；公开活动2．trackn．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道vi.&vt.追踪；跟踪3．gymn．健身房；体育馆4．sweatvt.使出汗；出汗弄湿vi.出汗；流汗n．汗水；出汗5．athleten．运动员；运动健儿6．mastern．高手；主人vt.精通；掌握7．medaln．奖章；勋章8．captainn．(运动队)队长；船长；机长9．apartadv.分离；分开；成碎片10．pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮11．millionnum.一百万12．cheatvi.作弊；舞弊vt.欺骗；蒙骗n．欺骗手段；骗子13．audiencen．观众；听众14．positiveadj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的15．slimadj.苗条的；单薄的16．dietn．规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食17．ratheradv.相当；有点儿18．jogvi.慢跑n．慢跑Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．fitnessn．健康；健壮；适合→fitadj.适合的；健康的vt.&vi.适合→unfitadj.不适合的2．hostvt.主办；主持n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostessn．女主人3．honourn．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourableadj.可敬的；体面的→honouredadj.受尊敬的4．championshipn．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→championn．冠军；优胜者5．determinationn．决心；决定→determinev．决心；决意→determinedadj.坚决的6．injurevt.使受伤；损害→injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的→injuryn．伤害；损伤7．strengthn．力量；体力→strengthenv．增强→strongadj.强壮的8．failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)→failv．失败9．competevi.竞争；对抗→competitionn．竞争；比赛→competitorn．竞争者；对手→competitiveadj.竞争的10．stressn．压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressfuladj.造成压力的→stressedadj.感到压力的Ⅳ.背核心短语1．comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快2．workout锻炼；计算出；解决3．makeit获得成功；准时到达4．setanexample树立榜样5．fallapart破裂；破碎；崩溃6．loseheart丧失信心；泄气7．giveup放弃；投降8．makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚9．pretendtodosth.假装做某事10．evenif/though即使；虽然11．makeadifference有作用或影响12．ratherthan而不是13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下14．nowandthen有时；偶尔15．compare...with/to...与……比较1．agriculturaladj.农业的2．allergicadj.过敏的3．alphabetn．字母表4．alternativeadj.可选择的n．可供选择的事物5．altituden．高地；高度6．altogetheradv.总共7．amateuradj.业余的；外行的n．业余选手8．ambitionn．野心；抱负1．Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.(who引导的定语从句)他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。2．TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.(现在完成进行时)他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。3．Asoccerplayershouldnotpretendtofalldownevenifithelpshis/herteam.(evenif)足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。4．OnceIstartedthinkingaboutfitnessratherthanweight，thingsbegantochange.(once引导的时间状语从句)一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。5．Insteadofsaying“Iwanttolosethreekilos”，Iwouldsay“Iwanttoruntwokilometresineightminutes”or“Iwanttobeabletodo30push-ups”．(insteadofdoing)我不再说“我想减掉3千克”，而是说“我想在8分钟内跑2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。6．Bybeingpositiveaboutmyselfandmybody，Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.(bydoing作状语)通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。eq\x(sweat，honour，pretend，positive，determination，ratherthan)CompetitiveSportsandMassSportsIncludingsoccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnasticsandtrackandfield，thereseemtobehundredsofsportsforus.Instadiums，gyms，orhomes，wecanworkout1.sweatingallover.CompetitivesportsmeanthatathletesmustcompeteagainsteachotherformedalsinchampionshipsoreventsinOlympicstowin2.honourandgloryfortheircountry，whichneedsnotonlyskillsandstrengthbutalsogreat3.determination.However，successoftencomesalongwithstress，failureandinjuries.Sometimesevenamastermayfallapart，butheneverlosesheart.Finallyhemakesitandbecomesachampionandlegend，settinganexampletoothers.Comparedwithcompetitivesports，masssportsfocusonfitness4.ratherthancompetition.Millionsofpeoplegojoggingordopush-upstokeepsliminsteadofgoingonadietbycuttingoutfat.However，withnoaudiencetoshoutencouragement，theymaygiveup.Theycheatthemselvesintotakingexercisethenextdayor5.pretendtohavedoneitotherwise，whichdoesn’tmakesense.However，evenifyoutakeexercisenowandthen，itwillmakeadifferenceandhave6.positiveeffects，won’tit?提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇honourn．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸•It’sanhonourforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事很荣幸。feelitanhonourtodosth.为做某事感到荣幸inhonourof...向……表示敬意；为纪念……•be/feelhonouredtodosth.做某事感到荣幸(1)MichaelJordan，amasterinbasketball，neverlostheartevenifhewasfacedwithfailure，forwhichhewasgreatlyhonoured(honour)．(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。(话题写作之传统节日)PeoplecelebratetheDragonBoatFestivalinhonourofQuYuan，whoisagreatChinesepoet.(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)①Itisagreathonourformetohavethepreciousopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(itisanhonourforsb.todo)②Ifeelitagreathonourtohavethepreciousopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(feelitanhonourtodo)③Ifeelgreatlyhonouredtohavethepreciousopportunitytodeliveraspeechhere.(feelhonouredtodo)determinationn．决心；决定(determinev．测定；决定；确定determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的)•determinetodo...决定做……(表示动作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事•bedeterminedtodo...决心做……(表示状态)(1)Writeapoemabouthowcourage，determination(determine)，andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)(2)Hedeterminedon/uponfacingthefailurebravelyratherthanescapingfromreality.(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·6月浙江，读后续写)ItwasatthattimethatIdeterminedtogoonworkingonthefarmsothatIcouldhelpsupportmyfamily.(determinetodo)(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)Determinedtoorganizethethemeclassmeetingwonderfully，IamwritingtoaskyouforadviceonwhichChinesetraditionalculturesattractforeignersmost.(过去分词短语作状语)injuryn．伤害；损伤(injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的injurevt.使受伤；损害)•dosb.aninjury伤害某人•theinjured受伤的人；伤员•get/beinjured受伤(1)Thecaptainrecoveredfromhisinjuries(injure)soonwiththehelpofskilleddoctorsandnurses.(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。①Thoughhegot/wasinjuredintheleg，hewasdeterminedtofinishthemarathon.②Thoughinjuredintheleg，hewasdeterminedtofinishthemarathon.(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。(读后续写之动作链描写)Therescueteamdashedtothespotlikearrows，offeredfirstaidtotheinjuredandthenrushedthemtothenearesthospital.failuren．失败；失败的人(或事物)(failv．失败；不及格)•failure作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“失败”。类似的词还有success，surprise，honour，difficulty等。•failtodosth.没做成某事(1)Theathletedidn’twinamedalorbecomeachampion，buttheaudiencedidn’tviewhimasafailure.(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力，你就会取得进步。(应用文写作之鼓励他人)Asaproverbgoes，“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”Workhard，andyouwillmakeprogress.(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)ThetwinsfeltdepressedthattheyfailedtocookadeliciousMother’sDpetevi.竞争；对抗(competitiveadj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的competitorn．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者competitionn．竞争；竞赛，比赛)competewith/againstsb.和某人竞争competeforsth.为……而竞争competeinsth.在……中竞争(1)Astheyoungestcompetitor，Johnwillcompeteinthewritingcompetitionfortheannualawardofwriting.Hemustbeverycompetitivesothathecanwin.(compete)(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。(2021·1月浙江，读后续写)Inthepumpkinfield，Icompetedwith/againstmysiblingstoseekoutthebiggestpumpkin.(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)Although/Though/Whilethiswasacompetitiverace，whatreallymatteredwasnotthetitleofchampionshipbutthedeterminationthatparticipantsshowedduringtherace.giveup放弃；投降givein屈服，投降giveout分发；用光；耗尽giveaway赠送；泄露giveoff散发(光和热等)givewayto给……让路givesb.ahand帮某人一个忙(1)Althoughhedidn’tadmitthathehadcheatedintheexam，hisfacialexpressiongavehimaway.(2)Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofclothwhichgivesofflightinthedark.(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Thoughhavingfailedmanytimes，theydidn’tgiveupandfinallydeliciouspopcornwasmade.(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)Seeingthetwins’disappointedfaces，thefatherwillinglygavethemahandtocookbreakfastandwhisperedgently，“Mydearchildren，don’tgiveintothetemporarydifficulty.”(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。(读后续写之情感描写)Jane’senergyhadgivenout.Herfeetfeltasheavyasleadandsheslumpedbesideatree，weepingwithoutcontrol.makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚makefor走向；冲向makeit获得成功；准时到达makea/nodifference有/没有作用或影响makeone’sway前往；成功makesenseof弄懂……的意思makesure确信；一定makeup组成；补偿；编造；化妆；和解(1)用make的相关短语填空①Pretendingtohaveunderstoodwhatyourteachersaiddoesn’tmakesense.②HiswordspuzzledmesomuchthatIhadahardtimemakingsenseofwhathereallymeant.③Despiteastrongwind，westillmadeittotheairportonscheduleyesterday.(2)有时仅仅一点善举也很有意义，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。(读后续写之升华句)Sometimesonlyalittlekindnesscanmakeagreatdifference，makingtheworldmorebeautifulandharmonious.cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下cutacross穿过(某地)(尤指抄近路)cutin插嘴cutoff中止；切掉；使隔绝cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削减；删节；缩小(尺寸、数量等)用cut的相关短语填空(1)Tokeepphysicallyhealthy，theexpertsstronglysuggestcuttingoutalcoholinourdailylife.(2)IusuallycutacrosstheparkonmywayhomesothatIcanarrivehomeearly.(3)Shekeptoncuttinginonourconversation，whichmadeusveryannoyed.(4)Thecaptaincutupthemeatinhisplateimpatientlytoshowhisanger.(5)Hiscompanywillshutdownifthewatersupplyiscutoff.Asoccerplayershouldnotpretendtofalldownevenifithelpshis/herteam.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。evenif/though“尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句(1)即使我学英语费力，我仍然竭尽全力提高我的英语水平。Evenif/thoughIhavedifficulty(in)studyingEnglish，IstilldowhateverIcantoimprovemyEnglish.(2)尽管他深陷困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。Evenif/thoughhewasstuckinhardships，hestillwillinglyhelpedthoseintrouble.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．workouteq\x(A.锻炼身体B.解决C.计算出)(1)Withgreateffortsthesoldierworkedouttheproblem.B(2)Theareacanbeeasilyworkedoutifyouknowthelengthandthewidth.C(3)Towingloryforourclassinthesportsmeeting，Ihavebeenworkingoutforanhoureverymorning.A2．compare...to...eq\x(A.把……比作……B.把……和……比较)(1)IoftencomparewhatIthinktowhatothershavethought.B(2)Scientistssometimescomparethehumanbraintoacomputer.A3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)The2008OlympicGamesisthebiggestsportingeventeverheldinBeijing.比赛项目(2)Evenifthearchitectworkedhard，hestillhadaslimchanceofwinningthecompetition.微小的；渺茫的(3)Ican’tstresstoomuchtheimportanceofkeepingdiariesinEnglisheveryday.强调Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Thesoldierfeltgreatlyhonoured(honour)toseetheemperorintheflesh.2．Determined(determine)togettothedestination，theathleteshowedamazingwillpower.3．Thearchitectgotinjured(injure)whenhikingtothecastlethroughanarrowpath.4．Whencheckingoutatthecounter，themanfoundhiscreditcardlost，sohehadtogiveupthepurchase.5．Thecompetition(compete)wasextremelyfierceandatlastwewonthematchnarrowlyby74vs72.6．Itisrequestedthatweshouldcutdowntheintakeoffatandsugartoregainfitness.7．Ratherthanadmiring(admire)thebeautyofmoviestars，Ilearnedtodiscovermyuniquebeauty.8．Failure(fail)isrecognisedasthemotherofsuccess，soaslongaswedon’tloseheart，wewillsucceed.9．Icouldnotmakesenseofwhathesaiduntilhetoldmethestoryindetail.10．Ihavebeentrying(try)tocontacttheofficialinchargeoftransportinthepastthreehours，butIdon’tmakeit.Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练(2018·全国Ⅲ)——新体育馆1．我们学校有1000多名学生，他们渴望参加户外活动。(who引导的定语从句)Therearemorethan1,000studentswhodesiretotakepartinoutdooractivitiesinourschool.2．在过去，即使我们想做运动，由于缺乏合适的体育设施，我们只能待在室内。(evenif)Inthepast，evenifwewantedtodos