(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课件第2部分 语法专题 专题二 需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词 (含详解)

专题二

需要变形的名词、

数词、形容词和副词考点分类突破考点分层演练语法链接写作考点分类突破考点一

名词考点二

数词考点三

形容词和副词

Mr

Smithisverybusybecauseherunsseveralcompanies①.Heworkssevendays①aweekand12months②ayear.Inhissparetimehelikeswatchingfootballmatches③.Helikeseatingtomatoes④buthedoesn’teatvegetableswithleaves⑤.Hehastwopethorses⑥andheoftenridesthemwithhisfriendsonMrBlack’sfarm⑦becausehethinksthesceneryofthefarm⑧isverybeautiful.MrBlackisafriendofhis⑨，whoraisessomecowsandgoats.考点一名词一、可数名词微小说导入微小说导入注释：1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o结尾加-es

的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。2.名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但woman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3.名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。1.不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：foot—feet脚goose—geese鹅tooth—teeth牙齿mouse—mice老鼠man—men男人woman—women女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊deer—deer鹿Chinese—Chinese中国人重难点精析Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物种crossroads—crossroads十字路口spacecraft—spacecraft航天器(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children孩子ox—oxen公牛(4)由man，woman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，woman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英国男子policeman—policemen男警察chairwoman—chairwomen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析basis—bases基础crisis—crises危机thesis—theses论文medium—media媒介物phenomenon—phenomena现象2.复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。birthday—birthdays生日blackboard—blackboards黑板bookshelf—bookshelves书架gentleman—gentlemen绅士(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bookworm—bookworms

son-in-law—sons-in-lawlooker-on—lookers-on

passer-by—passers-by

story-teller—story-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grown-up—grown-ups

standby—standbys3.名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-’s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-’s。如：KateandMary’sroom凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate’sandMary’srooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shop，house，home等常省去。如：atthedoctor’s(office)在(医生的)诊所里atthebarber’s(shop)在理发店atMrGreen’s(house)在格林先生家单句语法填空1.Theteamwhowonthethreeworld

(championship)wouldalwaysgetthiscup.2.Duringthefestival，whichlaststhreeorfourdays，peoplearedressedintheirbestclothesandparticipateinavarietyofrichandcolourful__________(activity).3.Thebestsolutionmightbetofindthe

(weakness)intheideaandtotryandstrengthenthem，ratherthanusethemsimplyasanexcuseforrejectingthewholeidea.点对点练习1championshipsactivitiesweaknesses4.Timmisandhisteamsetouttoseektheeffectsofphoneuseon_____________(passer-by).5.WeusuallyexpectHollywood

(hero)toshowuponourscreensanddefeatthebadguys.6.Hegoestothe

(barber)tohavehishaircuteverymonth.passers-byheroesbarber’s

Tolearnmoreknowledge①，Ihavetodolotsofhomework①everydayandhavenotime①tohavefun②ordohousework①.LastweekwehadanexambutIdidn’tperformwell.However，myteachersaidthatIhadmadegreatprogress②.Sothisexamisnotafailure③.Onthecontrary，itisasuccess③inaway.二、不可数名词微小说导入注释：①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，progress，advice，information为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感、情绪的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如asurprise，acomfort等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如haveagoodtime，haveagoodknowledge/commandof等。

不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：重难点精析fun乐趣homework作业bread面包wealth财富progress进步equipment设备room空间weather天气work工作music音乐news新闻meat肉word消息traffic交通luck运气housework家务milk牛奶advice建议man人类orange橙汁knowledge知识furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息单句语法填空1.Oh，John，what

pleasantsurpriseyougaveus!2.Hegaveussome

(advice)onhowtostudyEnglish.3.Hefeltthatheneededmore

(knowledge)aboutimportandexport.点对点练习2aadviceknowledge单句语法填空1.In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser，whoperformedtheir

(marry)ceremonyin1842.(2021·浙江6月)2.Historical

(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)3.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththe

(season)，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，makinguseofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.(2020·浙江7月)对接高考技法指导解题策略marriageaccuracyseasons4.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno

(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2019·浙江6月)connection/connections1.根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2.单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3.注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4.注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。技法指导返回考点二数词微小说导入MisterSmithissixty①yearsoldandyesterdaywashis60th②

birthday.Hestillremembersinthe1990s③whenhewasinhisthirties③，hedrankdozensof④bottlesofbeeraday.However，hespentthousandsof④dollarsinhospital.Later，twofifths⑤ofhissparetimewasspentintakingexercise.注释：①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加-th。以-y结尾的基数词变序数词，把-y变成-ie＋-th。③“inthe＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“inone’s＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加-s，如：1/3：onethird,2/3：twothirds。1.易错基数词thirteen十三fourteen十四fifteen十五eighteen十八nineteen十九twenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十ninety九十2.易错序数词first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五eighth第八ninth第九eleventh第十一twelfth第十二重难点精析单句语法填空1.Petergotamodelshipfromhisuncleonhis

(thirteen)birthday.2.Two

(three)ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoDisneylandsomewhere.3.Linda，therearetoomanymistakesinthe

(nine)lineofyourpassage.点对点练习thirteenththirdsninth4.Hemadequiteafewfriendsduringhis

(twenty).5.Itisreportedthattheearthquakehasleft

(thousand)ofpeoplehomeless.twentiesthousands单句语法填空1.Theplumtreesare

firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.(2020·全国Ⅱ)2.Hediditone

(three)thetimeittookme.(北京高考)对接高考技法指导解题策略thethird1.需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2.使用序数词时，注意前面要有定冠词the。3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如inthe1820s，inhis30s，thousandsof等。技法指导返回Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.考点三形容词和副词一、形容词和副词的基本用法微小说导入微小说导入注释：①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively①nowandsheisquite①movedbyit.Obviously②，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.注释：①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。1.名词、动词变形容词重难点精析2.形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加)

clear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加)

true→truly真实地(辅y变i加)

happy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y)

terrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y)

full→fully完全地dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally)

basic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地3.-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)，expression(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。4.同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了-ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。close靠近地closely密切地；仔细地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚，迟lately最近，不久前most最，极其mostly通常；主要地wide指距离宽widely广泛地deep指具体深度deeply深深地，非常；强烈地high指具体高度highly很，非常单句语法填空1.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir____________(person)storiescheerfully.2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).3.I’llneverforgetthe

(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.点对点练习1personaldisappointedamazing4.Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand

(hunger).5.IfoundlifeintheUKquite

(differ)fromthatinChina.6.Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7.

(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8.Iam

(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.hungrydifferentofficiallyLuckilyterribly二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级微小说导入Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.注释：①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est；以e结尾的直接加-r或-st；以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词注意双写结尾辅音；以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er或-est；多音节词前面加more或themost。两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。1.有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和themost构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common，handsome，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-ow，-er结尾的词。2.有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。重难点精析3.有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worstmany/much—more—mostlittle—less—leastold—older/elder—oldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)4.“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世间没有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。单句语法填空1.The

(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2.Roadsafetyhasaroused

(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3.Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningof20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe

(big)ofalloperasinChina.4.MrGreenisn’tasstrictateacher

MrWhite.5.Ihavenevermeta

(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.点对点练习2morewiderbiggestaskinder6.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes

(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.7.Thisrestaurantwasn’thalfas

(good)asthatonewewentto.8.Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwice

sizeofthatone.fastergoodthe单句语法填空1.Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2.Provide

(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.(2021·全国乙)3.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山)，moreso

thefamiliarnearside.(2020·全国Ⅰ)对接高考技法指导解题策略smallerfinancialthan4.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全国Ⅲ)5.Asthesmallboatmoved

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全国Ⅲ)6.It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand

(meaning)collegeexperience.(2019·北京)finestgentlymeaningful1.看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。2.看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。3.在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。4.如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。5.看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。技法指导返回层级一基础达标练层级二高考真题练层级三语篇提能练考点分层演练单句语法填空1.LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall

(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2.Then，handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof

(achieve).3.—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That’sagood

(suggest).层级一基础达标练carrotsachievementsuggestion4.Althoughheresearchescloning，his

(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.5.Comingtoanothercountrytostudyrequiresabig

(adjust)andittakesawhiletofitin.6.Intheearly

(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.7.Sheisthe

(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.8.Theoldmangoestotheparkevery

(three)day，entionadjustmentfiftiestwelfththird9.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor

(industry)use.10.Haveyoueverbeen

(embarrass)becauseofforgettingsomethingimportant?11.The

thestudentslearnabouttheuniversity，theeasieritwillbeforthemtoadapttotheenvironment.12.Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata

(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.industrialembarrassedmoresurprising13.Nowadaysit’sthesecond

(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.14.Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareeven

(strong).15.Thereisn’tmuchtrafficonSunday，so

(hope)we’llarriveintimefortheconcert.largeststrongerhopefully返回单句语法填空1.Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，including

(low)levelsofincomeandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)2.Itiscalculatedbydividinga

(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)层级二高考真题练lowerperson’s3.Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall，wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory！(2021·全国甲)4.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours，butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

(day)routines.(2021·全国甲)5.Itwill

(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed！(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)6.Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets，the

(hot)thespring!Strange，isn’tit？(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)betterwatchtowersdailyundoubtedlyhotter7.Asworkingfromhomebecomes

(increasing)common，peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer.(2021·天津3月)8.Filledwith

(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全国Ⅲ)9.MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma

(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2018·全国Ⅲ)10.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall

(cause).(2018·全国Ⅰ)increasinglycuriosityscientistcauses11.Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition，suchashow

iceandothertreasuresitcontains，couldhelpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.(2020·全国Ⅰ)12.Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining

hardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.(2019·全国Ⅲ)13.Hescreamsthe

(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.(2018·全国Ⅲ)muchsoloudest14.Even

(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(2017·全国Ⅰ)15.Whilerock-climbing，youneedtoremainvery

(focus)sothatyouwon’tmakeanydangerouserrors.(2021·天津3月)worsefocused返回语法填空名词篇(改编自2020·全国Ⅱ)DecoratingwithPlants，FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa1.

(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe2.

(begin)ofspring.层级三语篇提能练语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。1.考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebration。celebrationbeginning2.考查名词。和前面的theendofwinter并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarriesspecial3.

(significant).Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbackto4.____(live)andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.significance3.考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。life4.考查名词。作介词to的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry：Oranges：Orangetreesaremorethan5.

(decorate)；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand6.

(wealthy).Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmany7.

(time)decoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.decoration5.考查名词。根据句意可知，此处应用名词形式，故填decoration。wealth6.考查名词。与goodfortune共同作of的宾语，所以用名词形式，故填wealth。times7.考查名词的单复数。time表示“次数”，是可数名词，用在many之后，故填times。Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.Certainlyduringtheholidayperiod，thisplantis8.

must.Bamboo

plantsareassociatedwithhealth，abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreat9.

(present).8.考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。apresents9.考查名词的单复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲时，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。10.