讲义参考教程

Contents

to

be

coveredThe

Urinary

SystemBody

FluidElectrolyte

DisordersDiseases

in

Genitourinary

SystemHistory

of

Reproductive

TechnologyAidsThe

Urinary

SystemBodyFluidTotal

body

fluidIntracellular

fluidExtracellular

fluid

(ECF)Interstitial

fluidPlasma

fluidVenous

fluidArterial

fluidHypovolemia=volume

depletion血容不足Electrolyte

DisordersSodiumHyponatremia

/

hypernatremiaPotassiumHypokalemia

/

hyperkalemiaCalciumHypocalcemia

/

hypercalcemiaMagnesiumHypomagnesemia

/

hypermagnesemiaPhosphorusHypophosphatemia

/

hyperphosphatemiaMetabolic

acid-base

disorderAcidosisAlkalosisAnion

gap(AG)阴离子间隙Associated

with

seizure,

shock,

oliguria,anuria,

polyuria,

hypertension

and

diarrheaCalculus(Calculi)Nephrolithiasis[7nefrEuli5WaiEsis]肾石病Urinary

/

Renal

/

bladder

stonecalcium/uric

acid/cystine(胱氨酸)stoneDetection

and

Management

of

CalculiIVP

(

intravenous

pyelogram)静脉肾孟造影Lithotripsy碎石术Ureterolithotomy

[juə7ri:tərəuli5θɔtəmi]输尿管石切除术ESWL=

Extracorporeal

shock

wave

lithotripsy体外冲击波碎石Nephritisacute

glomerulonephritis急性肾小球肾炎acute

pyelonephritis急性肾孟肾炎cystopyelonephritis肾盂肾炎CRF&ARFThe

presence

of

anemia,normokalemia,calcium-phosphate

abnormalities,andmalnutrition

is

evidence

of

chronic

renalfailure,whereas

in

acute

renal

failure,hyperkalemia,fluid

overload(过载),andnormal-sized

kidneys

are

seen.Renal

replacement

therapyDialysisHD=hemodialysisPD=peritoneal

dialysisRenal

replacement

therapyTransplantationABO

tyHLA

ty人(类)白细胞抗原分型Mixed

lymphocyte

culture混合淋巴细胞培养Crossmatching交叉配血UTI(urinary

tract

infection

)Colony

count菌落计数Bacteriuria菌尿Acute/chronic

pyelonephritisplicated

cystitisAcute

prostatitisChronic

nonbacterial

prostatitisDysuriaLUTS

(lower

urinary

tract

symptoms)FrequencyUrgencyHesitancy

（起尿缓慢）Weak

stream尿流细IntermittencyDribblingDouble

voidingStraining

尿NocturiaRetention

尿潴留Assessment

of

urinary

tracts造影UltrasonographyIVU=intravenous

urography静脉

造影术RUG=retrograde

urethrogram逆行性输尿管造影(VCUG=voiding

cystourethrogram排泄性uroflowmetry尿流量测定cystometry内压测量法Urine

abnormalitiesHematuria血尿症uremia尿毒症Proteinuria蛋白尿Common

causes

of

discolored

urineRedErythrocyturia红细胞尿Hemoglobinuria血红蛋白尿Myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿Porphyruria卟啉尿Natural

food

pigments

(

beets,

berries)Food

coloringDark

yellowBilirubin胆红素Foods(carrots,riboflavin核黄素,vitamin

A)OrangeLaxatives

containing

phenolphthalein

含酚酞的泻药Blue

reenPseudomonas

infection假单胞细菌InfertilityAssessmentEvaluation

of

ovulationSemenHysterosalysisogram造影片InfertilityReproductive

TechnologySuperovulation=controlled

ovarianhyperstimulationIUI=intrauterine

inseminationIVFICSI=intracytoplasmic

sperm

injection卵浆内注射技术AID=artificial

insemination

with

donor

spermGIFT==gamete

intrafallopian

transfer内配子移植术STDHerpes

simplexHIV/AIDSHPV

(Human

papillomaSyphilisgonorrheaes)/wartTrichomoniasis[trikEmE5naiEsis]毛

病,滴虫病STD性淋Chancroid[5FANkrCid]软性下疳Lymphogranuloma

venereum

(LGV)巴肉芽肿肉芽肿Granuloma

inguinalePediculosis

pubis阴虱病Scabies

infestation

疥疮Staging

of

genitourinary

tumorsTX

primary

tumor

cannot

beassessedT0

no

evidence

of

primary

tumorMX

distant

metastasis

cannot

be

assessedM0

no

distant

metastasisM1

distant

metastasisBreast

diseasesHematoma[7hi:mE5tEumE]血肿Fat

necrosisGalactorrhea乳漏Galactocele乳腺囊肿Papilloma乳突淋瘤;刺瘤FibroadenomamastodyniaBreast

CancerRisk

factors:History

of

breast

cancer/

family

historyFibrocystic

diseaseProlonged

reproductive

lifeNulliparity[9nQlI`pArEtI]

=nullipara未产妇Prolonged

use

of

postmenopausal

estrogentherapyBreast

CancerManagementBSE=breast

self-examinationMammographyMastectomyEndometriosisDescriptionThe

presence

of

ectopic

implants

of

tissuethat

look

and

act

like

endometrium

and

arefound

outside

the

uterine

.Endometriosissigns

and

symptoms:Dysmenorrhea[7dismenE5ri:E]痛经Dyspareunia[7dispE5ru:niE]Menorrhagia[7menE5reidViE]过多Dysuria[dis5juEriE]排尿Thick

and

retroverteduterusCervixChronic

cervicitisCervical

erosionNabothian

cyst纳博特(氏)囊肿,囊肿Cervical

polypsCervical

hypertrophyCarcinoma

of

cervix颈腺滤泡Ovary成形术oophoroplastyoophorrhagia部分切除术Partial

oophorectomy穿刺术ovariocentesis囊腺纤维瘤cystadenofibromaof

the

ovaryMenopauseClimacteric[klai5mAktErik]更年期,绝经期Perimenopausal

transition围绝经期,更年期Hormone

replacement

therapyEstrogen

replacement

therapy

ERTMenopauseRisks

of

ERT

(Estrogen

replacement

therapy

)Endometrial

carcinomaBreast

cancerHypertensionThromboembolic

diseaseAbnormal

uterine

bleedingAmenorrhea:

absent

>90

daysHypermenorrhea:

excessive

but

regularHypomenorrhea:

decrease

in

amount

and

durationMenometrorrhagia:

prolonged,

irregularMenorrhagia:

excessive

in

amount

and/or

durationMetrorrhagia:

irregular

bleedingOligomenorrhea:

>35

daysPolymenorrhea: <22

daysExercise

I:Do

You

Know

These

Acronyms?ESRDPIDUTIsBPHPBSBUNMPGNIUDEnd-stage

renal

diseasepelvic

inflammatory

diseaseUrinary

tract

infectionsBenign

prostatic

hyperplasiaPainful

bladder

syndromeBlood

urea

nitrogenmembrane

proliferativegl