(完整版)现在完成时态讲解及练习(可编辑修改word版)

/8现在完成时态讲解及练习在完成时的构成在完成时的构成肯定句：主语+have/has+done（过去分词）+其它HehaslivedinShenzhenfor4years.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done（过去分词）+其它HashelivedinShenzhenfor4years?否定句：主语+have/has+not+done（过去分词）+其它Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.过去分词的构成方法如下：1•一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加-ed.workworkedansweransweredobeyobeyedwantwanted以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加-d.Movemovedhopehopeddividedivided3•字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.studystudiedtidytidiedsatisfysatisfied以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.stopstoppedregretregretteddropdropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表1.花费costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.伤害hurt1.花费costcostcost2.割cutcutcut3.伤害hurthurthurt4.让letletlet5.放putputput6.朗读readreadread7.设置setsetset8.打击，碰撞hithithit9.关上门窗shutshutshut10.让letletlet一、AAA.（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花费spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4）过去式亡、过去分词在原形词尾加t或反d11.学会learnlearnt/edlearnt/ed12.意思meanmeantmeant13.燃烧burnburnt/edburnted13.做梦dreamdreamt/eddreamt/ed13.处理dealdealtdealt14.听hearheardheard5）过去式、过去分词改为-ept1.带来bringbroughtbrought2.买buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughtthought5.寻找、探究seeksoughtsought2）过去式、过去分卜词含有-aught5.抓住catchcaughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1）过去式、过去分词含有-ought3）过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d15.保持keepkeptkept16.睡觉sleepsleptslept17.扫sweepsweptswept6）过去式、过去分词改为-elt18.感觉feelfeltfel19.嗅smellsmelt/edsmelt/ed20.拼写spellspelt/edspelt/ed7）过去式、过去分、词改为-aid20.孵蛋laylaidlaid21.说saysaidsaid22.支付paypaidpaid8）过去式、过去分词改为-old23.卖sellsold22.支付paypaidpaid8）过去式、过去分词改为-old23.卖sellsoldsold24.告诉telltoldtold9）过去式、过去分词改为-ood25站standstoodstood26.明白understandunderstoodunderstood10）其它变化27.得到getgotgot(gotten)28.坐sitsatsat29.照顾babysitbabysatbabysat30.离开leaveleftleft31.失去loselostlost32.找到findfoundfound33.有have(has)hadhad34.握住,召开holdheldheld35.制造makemademade36.悬挂hanghunghung37.照耀shineshoneshone39.赢winwonwon40逃跑fleefledfled41喂feedfedfed42.引导，导致leadledled43遇见meetmetmet三、ABA（过去式与原形一致）1.击败beatbeatbeaten2・破坏breakbrokebroken3.驾驶drivedrovedriven4.吃eatateeaten5落下fallfellfallen6给给givegavegiven7.生长growgrewgrown&知道knowknewknown9.吹blowblewblown10.扔throwthrewthrown11.展示showshowedshown12.弄错mistakemistookmistaken13.拿taketooktaken14.摇动shakeshookshaken15.说speakspokespoken16.选择choosechosechosen1.变成becamebecomebecome2.来comecamecome3.跑runranrun四、ABC（原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）1）.过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en2）三种形式都有变化1是be(is,am;are)was;werebeen2开始beginbeganbegun3做dodidDone4喝drinkdrankdrunk5飞flyflewflown6忘记forgetforgotforgot/forgotten7躺lielaylain8骑rideroderidden9打电话ringrangrung10唱singsangsung11穿wearworeworn12游泳swimswanswum13写writewrotewritten14去gowentgone在完成recently;recentyears;thesedays/years;lately;since;for+时间段；inthepastfewyears;eversince;inthelastfivemonths;uptonow;sincethen;sofar;ever;never,yet;once;twice;already;before;justalready(已经):用于肯定句Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.yet(已经)：用于否定句,疑问句Hehasn'tdonehishomeworkyet.just(刚刚)Theyhavejustleft.ever（曾经）HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?never（从不）Ihaveneverseenhim.before（以前）Haveyouseenthefilmbefore?since（自从…以来）I'veworkedintheschoolsince1999.for（长达）He'slivedinShepastseveraldays/weeks/years（在过去的…）recently（最近）Ihavenotwrittentomyparentsrecently.sofar（到目前为止）Sofarshehaslearned5Englishsongs.uptonow（到目前为止）thismorning/month/year（今天早上/这个月/今年）三、现在完成时的用法1）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。常与already（已经），yet（已经），just（刚刚），ever（曾经）等词连用.Already，yet的用法already:常用于肯定句中.yet:常用于否定句,疑问句尾.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（窗户现在是坏的）Ihavealreadylostthekey.（我现在没有钥匙）Ihaven'treadthatbookyet.（不了解书的内容）Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.（手是干净的）3）现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for,since引导的时间短语或从句连用.since,for的用法:since:（自…以来）1）since+时间点Hehasstayedheresince5o'clock.2）since+时间段+agoHehasstayedheresince5hoursago.3）since+从句for:（长达）for+时间段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsincehewasborn.Haveyoustayedheresince3o'clock?四、have/hasbeento;have/hasgoneto;have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾经去过某地，人已经回来了have/hasgoneto去了某地，人还没回来have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那have/hasbeenin去了某地并一直待在那我去过上海。IhavebeentoShanghaitwice.WhereisJim?--HehasgonetoEngland.（尚未回来）IhavebeeninShanghaiforthreeyears.我至U上海已有三年了。1、现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。）现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever，once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：thismorning/month/year...，today等）连用。例如：Haveyoufoundyourpenyet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2、现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：Hehaslivedheresince1978/hemovedhere.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）Ihavebeeninthearmyformorethan5years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：uptonow，sofar到目前为止）等。例如：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态-动作状态^状态diebedeadbeginbeonborrow/buykept/hadend/finishbeoverleavebeawayjoinbeinarrivebeheremarrybemarried他的爷爷已经去世2年了。Hisgrandpahasbeendeadfor2years.Nick参军3年了.Nickhasbeeninthearmyfor3years他离开深圳好长时间了。HehasbeenawayfromShenzhenforalongtime.这本书我已借了4个月了Ihavehad/keptthebookfor4months.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have/has+过去分词"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o'clock.Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等;而现在完成时则常与just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for.../since...ago/uptonow/sofar等表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如：HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)状(4)语现连在用完。成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间如：Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A)Haveyouseenthefilm?(B)Didyouseethefilm?[说明]你看过这部电影吗？句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。(A)HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)HelivedinBeijingfor8years.[说明]他在北京住了8年。句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。练习一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1.e3.go4.do5.have6.drink.7.give.8.eatbuildbite-—catchchoose■cut-_fall9.know10.run11.say.12.see.13.find3.go4.do5.have6.drink.7.give.8.eatbuildbite-—catchchoose■cut-_fall9.know10.run11.say.12.see.13.find14.drawfly-—forgetgrowhit-—hurtkeep15.get16.hear17.begin18.buy.lend-lose-meet-put19.leave.20become19.leave.20becomeread■ring-二、用for或since填空Mr.BrownhashadhisTV15years.I'vetakendrivinglessonslastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphoneamonth.Myfriendshaven'tvisitedmemybirthday.Wehaven'tusedourcaralongtime.Shehasn'thadagoodcupofcoffeeyears.Tomhaswornglasseshewas7yearsold.JillhasbeeninIrelandMonday.Mr.JasonhasbeeninParisthreedays.MyaunthaslivedinAustralia15days.Margaretisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry1974.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenemptymanyyears.Mikehasbeenillalongtime.HehasbeeninhospitalOctober.三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。TheEnglishprofessorarrivedhereaboutaweekagoTheEnglishprofessorhereforaboutaweek.Herhusbandstartedtoworkonthefarmthreehoursago.Herhusbandonthefarmforthreehours.TheFrenchmusiciancametoChinalastmonth,andheisstillhere.TheFrenchmusicianChinaforamonth.Hejoinedthearmyin1985.Hethearmy1985.HejoinedtheLeaguehalfayearago.HehasbeenaLeaguehalfayear.Thebusleftfiveminutesago.Thebusalreadyforfiveminutes.ThegirlboughtanewschoolbaginSeptember.ThegirltheschoolbagsinceSeptember.Theshopclosedlastwinter.Theshopsincelastwinter.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.Thefilmfortenminutes.Thedogdiedtwodaysago.Thedogfortwodays.Themeetingendedlastmonth.Themeetingforamonth.四、用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空：—Whereisyourbrother?一Hetheshop.He'llbebacksoon.一—youevertoAmerica?一Yes,INewYorktwice.—Hereyouareatlast!Whereyou?—ILondon.一DavidAustralia.一I'msurehe'salreadyarrived.—IsBennyhere?—No,hetheschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.

五、用所给动词的适当形式填空1(wait)forhimfortwohours.Iamveryangry.He(be)adoctorsincehewastwenty.Thefilm(be)onforfifteenminutes.youever(read)thatbookbefore?youever(try)tochangeher?Noone(arrive)hereyet.thebus(leave)yet?I(nottalk)tohimyet.Ialready(make)thebed.Theyust(go).Theywillbebacksoon.Whenou(meet)him?Lastnightorthismorning?She(notcome)hererecently.She(neversee)themanbefore.I(meet)himbefore,butIforgethisname.Itiseleveno'clock.He(notcome)backyet.He(write)fivestoriessofar.She(be)ateacherfortenyears,shelikesherjobverymuch.she(call)onyoulately?选择题1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhat'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowA.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknowD.stillD.amomentagoD.are;studyingD.knewD.seeD.havetheygoneD.stillD.amomentagoD.are;studyingD.knewD.seeD.havetheygoneA.Did;do;finishedHave;done;finished2、HehasbeentoShanghai,hashe?alreadyB.neverC.ever3、HaveyoumetMrLi?A.justB.agoC.before4、Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、一Ourcountryalotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLanalreadyinthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studied7、WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknown8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.Iittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.saw9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.一Really?Whenthere?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygo10、一—youyourhomeworkyet?—Yes.Iitamomentago.

Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、12、13、Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、12、13、14、15、HisfatherthePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasin—Doyouknowhimwell?一Sure.WefriendssinceA.wereB.havebeen一Howlonghaveyouhere?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneHurryup!TheplayA.hasbegunB.hadbegunIt_A.istenyearsago.C.havebecomeC.comefortenminutes.C.