220kv单回路架空输电线路设计毕业设计说明书

/r/n毕业设计说明书（论文）/r/n题目：220kv单回路架空输电线路设计/r/n/r/n

/r/n目录/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n前言/r/n /r/n3/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n摘要/r/n /r/n4/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n一/r/n章/r/n/r/n导线地线设计/r/n /r/n5/r/n /r/n5/r/n临界档距及控制气象的判断/r/n /r/n7/r/n1.3/r/n绘制应力弧垂曲线绘制/r/n /r/n9/r/n地线比载计算/r/n /r/n13/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n二/r/n章/r/n/r/n杆塔结构设计/r/n /r/n /r/n16/r/n /r/n18/r/n /r/n22/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n三/r/n章金具设计/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n54/r/n /r/n56/r/n /r/n56/r/n /r/n58/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n四/r/n章/r/n/r/n防雷/r/n设计/r/n /r/n59/r/n /r/n59/r/n /r/n60/r/n /r/n63/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n第/r/n五/r/n章/r/n/r/n基础/r/n设计/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n66/r/n /r/n67/r/n /r/n69/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n参考文献/r/n /r/n7/r/n0/r/n前言/r/n随着国民经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，电力需求水平增长突出，为了满足市场的需求，我国的电力工业在近50年来也得到了很大的发展。改革开放以来我国的电力工业快速发展，现在我国将要实现以超高压和特高压输电线路为骨架，各个电压等级的输电线路协调运行的电网系统。/r/n我国为推动电力能源在全国范围内的优化配置，保障安全可靠的电力供应而大力发展智能电网。近年来，随着新技术的不断应用，跨区跨省电网建设快速推进，电网网架结构得到进一步的加强和完善。/r/n在中西部地区资源和消费带动下，随着电网联网建设，将逐步实现大区域或者全国电力电量平衡原则。而电网建设将配合电源基地建设，改变过去单独依靠输煤的模式，采取输煤与输电并举的发展方式，通过特高压、超高压交直流，实施跨区、跨省，西电东送，南北互济，水电交互，火电、水电、风电、太阳能打捆送电。在实现高效率的智能化电网中/r/n220kv输电线路将起着不可替代的作用！/r/n各地区的地形、地质、气象等自然环境比较复杂。在输电线路建设中会遇到许多技术问题。通过大量的工程实践，我们对高山地区、严重覆冰地区、台风地区、高海拔地区、不良地质地区、地震灾害地区等特殊条件下，输电线路的设计、施工和运行都积累了丰富的经验，已经建立输电线路有关的研究和试验的机构和设施。/r/n电力专家一致认为，要适应我国电网未来快速发展的要求，确保电网的安全、稳定、经济运行，在今后的电网建设中应推动新技术应用，以提高电网输送能力，节约输电走廊，提高线路投资效益。/r/n而/r/n220kv输电线路的设计、施工和运行经验是最完善的，它将为今后发展超高压、大容量输电线路的建设创造十分有利条件。/r/n摘要/r/n随着国民经济快速增长，各地电网建设迅猛发展，从过去的“几年建一条线路”到现在的“一年建几条线路”实现了跨越式发展，供电可靠性进一步提高，电网输送能力大大增强，但输电线路建设的内部环境和外部空间却越来越小。如何应对新形势，最大限度地满足电网建设需要已成为技术部门不断研究的课题。本文从设计角度围绕/r/n导线的选择和导线的风荷载以及杆塔的定位和校验，杆塔的结构，金具的选择，基础的设计，防雷接地的设计等方面提出了意见和看法。本论文的设计分为二个部分，第一部分为设计和计算部分，通过设计地形，选择导线，计算相关参数能确定导线弧垂位置，杆塔的结构和形状以及荷载情况。第二部分为校验阶段，根据220KV输电线路高安全性，保证送电线路稳定运行等条件，进行详细准确的荷载、间隙、电阻值等校验，为提高线路安全运行的安全系数提供有利参数。/r/n关键词/r/n/r/n输电线路/r/n/r/n杆塔设计防雷设计金具设计/r/n第/r/n1/r/n章导/r/n线地线设计/r/n1/r/n.1/r/n导线比载/r/n计算/r/n1/r/n相关参数的确定/r/n本架空送电线路设计中，导线选用/r/nLGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0/r/n型钢芯铝绞线，查阅钢芯铝绞线规格表/r/n（GB1179-83）/r/n得LGJ-/r/n3/r/n00//r/n7/r/n0/r/n导线的规格参数如表2-1/r/n表2-1LGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0/r/n导线规格参数/r/n总截面积/r/nA（mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n导线外径/r/nd（mm）/r/n计算质量/r/nG/r/nTa/r/n（/r/nkg/km/r/n）/r/n计算拉断力/r/nT/r/nm/r/n（N/r/n）/r/n1402/r/n128000/r/n查阅钢芯铝绞线弹性系数和膨胀系数表（/r/nGB1179-83/r/n）得导线的弹性系数和膨胀系数如表/r/n2/r/n-2/r/n表2-2LGJ/r/n300/7/r/n0/r/n导线弹性系数和膨胀系数/r/n线膨胀系数/r/nα/r/n（/r/n1//r/no/r/nC/r/n）/r/n最终弹性系数/r/nE（N/mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n×10/r/n-6/r/n8/r/n000/r/n0/r/n线路穿越第/r/nⅧ/r/n气象区，查阅全国典型气象区气象参数表得/r/n第/r/nⅢ/r/n气象区气象条件：覆冰厚度/r/nb=/r/n1/r/n5/r/nmm，覆冰时风速/r/nv/r/n=15/r/nm/s，最大风速/r/nv/r/n=/r/n30/r/nm/s，雷电过电压时风速/r/nm/s，内过电压时风速/r/nv/r/n=15/r/nm/s。/r/n1/r/n导线比载计算/r/n作用在导线上的机械荷载有自重、冰重和风压。这些荷载可能是不均匀的，但为了便于计算，一般按沿导线均匀分布考虑。在导线计算中，常把导线受到得机械荷载用比载表示，所以比载是指导线单位长度、单位截面积上的荷载。常用的比载共有七种，计算如下：/r/n1./r/n/r/n自重比载：导线本身重量所造成的比载。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n2./r/n/r/n冰重比载：导线覆冰时，由于冰重产生的比载。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n3./r/n/r/n覆冰时导线的垂直总比载：架空线自重比载和冰重比载之和。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n4./r/n/r/n无冰时风压比载：无冰时作用在导线上每米长每平方毫米的风压荷载。计算公式：/r/n当风速/r/nm/s时，风压不均匀系数/r/n，因为导线直径/r/nm/r/nm/r/n﹥/r/n17mm/r/n，故导线的风载体型系数/r/n，风向与架空线轴线之间的夹角/r/n，此时风压比载为：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n当风速/r/nm/s时，风压不均匀系数/r/n，/r/n导线的风载体型系数/r/n，风向与架空线轴线之间的夹角/r/n，此时风压比载为：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n/r/n当风速/r/nm/s时，风压不均匀系数/r/n，/r/n导线的风载体型系/r/n数/r/n，风向与架空线轴线之间的夹角/r/n，此时风压比载为：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n5./r/n/r/n覆冰时风压比载：覆冰导线每米长每平方毫米的风压荷载。/r/n覆冰时风速/r/nm/s，查得风速不均匀系数/r/n，导线的风载体型系数/r/n，风向与架空线轴线之间的夹角/r/n，此时风压比载为：/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n6./r/n/r/n无冰有风时的综合比载：无冰有风时，导线上作用着垂直方向的比载和水平方向的比载，按向量合成得综合比载。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n7./r/n/r/n有冰有风时的综合比载：导线覆冰有风时，综合比载为垂直比载和覆冰风压比载的向量和。/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n1/r/n.2/r/n/r/n临界档距及控制气象的判断/r/n1/r/n导线的机械物理特性/r/n1./r/n导线的抗拉强度：导线的计算拉断力与导线的计算接面积的比值称为导线的抗拉强度或瞬时破坏应力。/r/n/r/nMPa/r/n2./r/n/r/n最大使用应力：/r/nMP/r/n其中K为导线地线的安全系数，在设计中K取值不应小于2.5，避雷线的设计安全系数，宜大于导线的设计安全系数。/r/n3./r/n年平均运行应力上限：/r/nMPa/r/n1/r/n可能控制气象条件列表/r/n根据比载、控制应力，将有关数据按/r/n值由小到大列出表格，并按A、B、C、D顺序编号，如表/r/n2/r/n-3/r/n所示/r/n表2-3可能的控制气象条件列表/r/n最低气温/r/n最大风速/r/n年平均气温/r/n覆冰/r/n比载/r/n(N/m-mm/r/n2/r/n)/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n×10/r/n-3/r/n84.43/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n应力/r/n(MPa)/r/n温度(/r/no/r/nC)/r/n-20/r/n-5/r/n+1/r/n0/r/n-5/r/ng/[/r/nσ/r/n](1/m)/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n×10/r/n-4/r/n排列序号/r/nA/r/nB/r/nC/r/nD/r/n1/r/n临界档距计算/r/nm/r/n1/r/n控制条件确定/r/n列出临界档距控制条件判别表，如表/r/n2-4/r/n所示/r/n表2-4有效临界档距判别表/r/n(m)/r/nA/r/nB/r/nC/r/nD/r/nl/r/nAB/r/n=/r/nl/r/nBC/r/n=虚数/r/nl/r/nCD/r/n=/r/nl/r/nAC/r/n=虚数/r/nl/r/nBD/r/n=/r/n0/r/nl/r/nAD/r/n=/r/n/r/nD控制/r/n/r/n0/r/nl/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n图2-1控制条件的控制范围/r/n综上所述，/r/nC、D即/r/n年平均气温/r/n、覆冰/r/n为控制气象。/r/n1/r/n.3/r/n绘制/r/n应力弧垂曲线/r/n绘制/r/n计算各控制气象条件下的应力利用如下公式：/r/n整理得：/r/n弧垂计算公式：/r/n./r/n求的各气象条件下的应力如表/r/n1./r/n最高气温条件下的应力弧垂/r/n如表/r/n2-3-1/r/n表/r/n2-3-1/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此时gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=40/r/n℃/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n2./r/n最大风/r/n条件下应力弧垂/r/n如表/r/n2-3-2/r/n表/r/n2-3-2/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此时gj=g7=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-/r/n5/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n3.覆冰条件下应力弧垂如表/r/n2-3-3/r/n表/r/n2-3-3/r/n/r/n/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-5/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/nF/r/n(m)/r/n4/r/n./r/n大气过电压/r/n条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n4/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n此时gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=/r/n15/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n5/r/n./r/n最低气温/r/n条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n5/r/n/r/n此时/r/n=36./r/n48/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=-/r/n20/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n6/r/n.大气过电压（有风）条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n6/r/n/r/n/r/n此时gj=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n7/r/n.安装条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n7/r/n/r/n此时gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=/r/n-10/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n1/r/n8/r/n.内过电压条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n8/r/n/r/n此时gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=1/r/n0/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n9/r/n.大气过电压（无风）条件下应力/r/n如表/r/n2-3-/r/n表/r/n2-3-/r/n9/r/n/r/n/r/n此时gj=g1=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n/r/ntj=15/r/nL/r/n(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n10.年平均运行应力条件下应力如表/r/n2-3-10/r/n表/r/n2-3-10/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2tj=10/r/n℃/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/nσ/r/n(mpa)/r/n1/r/n./r/n/r/n绘制/r/n线路安装时不同温度和档距下的应力和弧垂如表/r/n2-4-1/r/n表/r/n2-4-1/r/n此时gj=/r/n×/r/n10-3N/m-mm2/r/n温度/r/nL(m)/r/n50/r/n100/r/n150/r/n200/r/n250/r/n300/r/n350/r/n400/r/n450/r/n500/r/n-/r/n20/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-15/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-10/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n-5/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n0/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n5/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n10/r/nσ/r/n8/r/nf/r/n15/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n20/r/nσ/r/n2/r/nf/r/n25/r/nσ/r/nf/r/n注:L(m),/r/nσ/r/n(mpa),/r/n/r/nf(m),温度(oC)/r/n1/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n地线比载/r/n计算/r/n1/r/n./r/n4/r/n本架空送电线路设计中，导线选用/r/nLGJ-/r/n300/r/n//r/n7/r/n0型钢芯铝绞线，查阅避雷线与导线配合表选用避雷线型号/r/nJLB4/r/n-/r/n15/r/n0，镀锌钢绞线规格表得/r/nJLB4-150/r/n地线的规格参数如表2-5/r/n表2-5J/r/nLB4/r/n-/r/n15/r/n0导线规格参数/r/n总截面积/r/nA（mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n导线外径/r/nd（mm）/r/n计算质量/r/nG/r/nTa/r/n（/r/nkg/km/r/n）/r/n计算拉断力/r/nT/r/nm/r/n（N/r/n）/r/n58720/r/n查阅镀锌铝绞线弹性系数和膨胀系数表（/r/nSDJ3-79/r/n）得导线的弹性系数和膨胀系数如表/r/n2-6/r/n表2-6GJ-70导线弹性系数和膨胀系数/r/n线膨胀系数/r/nα/r/n（/r/n1//r/no/r/nC/r/n）/r/n最终弹性系数/r/nE（N/mm/r/n2/r/n）/r/n13/r/n×10/r/n-6/r/n109000/r/n线路穿越第/r/nⅧ/r/n气象区，查阅全国典型气象区气象参数表得/r/n第/r/nⅧ/r/n气象/r/n区气象条件：覆冰厚度b=/r/n1/r/n5mm，覆冰时风速/r/nm/s，最大风速/r/nv/r/n=/r/n30/r/nm/s，雷电过电压时风速/r/nm/s，内过电压时风速/r/nm/s。/r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n自重比载：有地线本身自重引起的比载。/r/ng/r/n1/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n2/r/n./r/n冰重比载：由于第I气象区的覆冰厚度为零，故冰重比载为/r/ng/r/n2/r/n(0,0)=/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-32/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n覆冰时地线的垂直总比载：架空线自重比载和冰重比载之和。/r/ng/r/n3/r/n(0,0)=g/r/n1/r/n+g/r/n2/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n4/r/n./r/n地线风压比载：导线每单位长度、每单位截面积上的风压荷载。/r/n/r/ng/r/n4/r/n=/r/n·/r/nsin/r/n2/r/nθ×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n当v=/r/n30m/r/n/s时/r/n=/r/n0.85c/r/n=1.1/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n当v=15m/s时/r/n=1.0c=1.1/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n当v=10m/s时/r/nθ/r/n=90/r/n°/r/ng/r/n4/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n/r/n5/r/n./r/n复冰时风压比载：覆冰时导线每单位长度、每单位截面积的风压荷载。/r/ng/r/n5/r/n（15.15）=/r/n·/r/nsin/r/n2/r/nθ×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n6/r/n./r/n无冰有风时的综合比载：在地线上垂直方向作用的自重和风压比载的几何和。/r/n/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/ng/r/n5/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n7/r/n有冰有风时综合比载：是垂直总比载与复冰风压比载的几何和。/r/ng/r/n7/r/n=/r/ng/r/n7/r/n（/r/n1/r/n5,/r/n15/r/n）/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n1./r/n4/r/n.3/r/n1/r/n./r/n/r/n地线的抗拉强度：地线的计算拉断力与地线的计算截面积的比值称为地线的抗拉强度或瞬时破坏应力。/r/nσ/r/n2/r/n./r/n最大应力：/r/nσ/r/nmax=/r/nσ/r/np/K=158.63MPa（K=2.5）/r/n其中K为导线地线的安全系数，在设计中K取值不应小于2.5，避雷线的设计安全系数，宜大于导线的设计安全系数。/r/n3/r/n./r/n平均应力:/r/nσ/r/n=/r/nσ/r/np/r/n×/r/n第/r/n2/r/n章杆塔定位/r/n杆塔定位，是把杆塔的位置测设到已经选好的线路中线上，并钉立杆塔桩作为标志。/r/n2/r/n.1杆塔定位/r/n.1/r/n杆塔的定位高度/r/n杆塔定位的主要要求是使导线上任一点在任何正常运行情况下都保证有足够的对地和其他被交叉跨越物的安全距离。假定某档距及两侧杆塔高度已定，画出最下层导线在最大弧垂时的悬挂曲线1，最大弧垂/r/n由下式确定：/r/n式中/r/n——/r/n杆塔的定位高度，/r/nm/r/n；/r/n/r/n——/r/n杆塔的呼称高度，m；/r/n/r/n——/r/n对地安全距离，/r/n/r/nm；/r/n/r/n——/r/n悬挂绝缘子串长，/r/n/r/nm；/r/n/r/n——/r/n考虑各种误差的裕度，m。/r/n选用/r/n2/r/nB/r/n-Z/r/nM1/r/n杆塔呼称高/r/nm；/r/n220/r/nKV线路经过非居民区时，对地安全距离/r/nm；绝缘子串由/r/n1/r/n5/r/n片X/r/nW/r/nP-/r/n6/r/n绝缘子组成，总长/r/nm；各种误差的施工裕度/r/nm。则/r/n最大弧垂/r/n为：/r/nm/r/n此时要检查导线对地距离是否满足安全距离的要求，就要逐点检查。为此，可将导线两端悬挂点在杆塔上下移一段对地安全距离/r/n后，画出导线的悬挂曲线2，此时只要曲线2不与地面相交，则实际导线悬挂曲线处满足对地安全距离的要求。于是，称曲线2为导线的对地安全线，导线悬挂点下移后杆塔施工基面间的高差值称为杆塔的定位高度（简称定位高），用/r/n表示。/r/n2/r/n./r/n最大弧垂气象条件时的导线悬挂点曲线按纵断面图相同的纵、横比例尺缩小，然后刻在硬质板材上所得的模板，称为定位模板，其制作方法是：/r/n1./r/n判定线路经过地区最大弧垂的气象条件为最/r/n高/r/n气温气象条件。/r/n2./r/n估计耐张段代表档距/r/n：/r/n在应力-弧垂曲线上查出最大气温气象条件时最大弧垂/r/n对应的档距/r/nm/r/n，即定位档距。/r/n以乘以定位档距/r/n作为估算的代表档距/r/nm/r/n。/r/n3./r/n由此代表档距在应力-弧垂曲线上查出最大气温气象条件时的应力/r/nMPa/r/n；比载/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n。/r/n4./r/n导线悬挂起来为一条悬链线，其曲线方程：/r/n将上数值带入得：/r/n5./r/n制作模板，把模板曲线画一条曲线，是最大弧垂曲线，在其下端相距/r/n画对地安全线（比例：横向/r/n1：/r/n5/r/n00/r/n0，纵向/r/n1/r/n：/r/n5/r/n00/r/n）。/r/n2/r/n./r/n终端塔、转角塔、耐张塔先行定位。再排直线塔位，步骤是：/r/n1./r/n从耐张杆开始排起，计算杆塔的定位高度：/r/n耐张塔：/r/nm/r/n；/r/n直线塔：/r/n/r/nm。/r/n在耐张杆上自地面向上量取/r/n1/r/n6/r/n.7/r/nm/r/n，使限距曲线通过杆塔，且与地面相切，并要求模板的纵轴始终保持垂直。/r/n2./r/n量取限距曲线与地面的垂直距离/r/n1/r/nm/r/n3./r/n移动模板使限距曲线通过已定位的上一基直线塔，并与地面相切。/r/n4./r/n再次量取限距曲线与地面的垂直距离/r/nm/r/n，则此位置即为下一基直线杆的位置。/r/n5./r/n后面杆塔依次排定。/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n定位后校验/r/n初步排定塔位后，应对线路各部分的设计进行校验，以验证所定塔位是否超过了设计规定的允许条件如果超了，则需再调整塔位。/r/n本线路直线塔和耐张塔都选择2/r/n A/r/n-ZB/r/n3/r/n塔，该塔的最大线间距离为m，适用的水平档距为/r/n450m/r/n，垂直档距为/r/n550m/r/n，当表档距为/r/n500m/r/n。/r/n2/r/n./r/n水平档距、垂直档距应不超过设计条件。/r/n水平档距为相邻档距的平均值：/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm/r/n./r/n最大弧垂时的垂直档距从纵断面图上直接量得：/r/nm/r/n；/r/nm；/r/nm；/r/nm./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/nA/r/n-Z/r/nB3酒杯型/r/n塔的最大线间距离/r/nm，最大线间距离/r/n与最大弧垂/r/n的关系是：/r/n式中/r/nλ/r/n——/r/n悬垂绝缘子串长度，m；/r/nU/r/n——/r/n线路额定电压，kv。/r/n则最大弧垂/r/n为：/r/nm/r/n算出最大弧垂/r/n后由式/r/n求得最大允许档距/r/n：/r/nm。/r/n经计算校验，其结果均符合设计要求。/r/n2/r/n./r/n曲线按下式计算并绘出/r/n式中h/r/n——————————/r/n悬挂点高差/r/nσ—————————/r/n导线最低点最大使用应力/r/nl/r/n——————————/r/n档距/r/ng/r/n——————————/r/n与/r/nσ/r/nM0/r/n相对应情况下的导线比载/r/n经计算得/r/nl/r/n0/r/n100/r/n200/r/n400/r/n600/r/n800/r/n900/r/n1000/r/n1200/r/n1400/r/n1600/r/n1760/r/nh/r/n0/r/n42/r/n79/r/n138/r/n177/r/n195/r/n196/r/n192/r/n170/r/n128/r/n65/r/n0/r/n检查方法：按实际档距和高差在图中得到的点，落在曲线下方，表明悬点应力未超过允许值，反之则超过./r/n2/r/n./r/n在垂直档距较大的地方，架空线在悬垂线夹出口处的悬垂角（倾斜角）可能会超过线夹的允许值，致使附加弯曲应力增大，架空线在线夹出口处受到损坏，因而需要对架空线的悬垂角进行校验。导线的最大悬垂角发生在最大弧垂（即最高气温气象）时，对于船体能自由转动的线夹，可按下式计算导线的最大垂直档距：/r/n式中/r/n——/r/n悬垂线夹的允许悬垂角，取/r/n25/r/no/r/n；/r/n/r/n/r/n——/r/n代表档距下导线最大弧垂时的应力，MPa；/r/n/r/n——/r/n代表档距下导线最大弧垂时的比载，/r/nN/m-mm/r/n2/r/n；/r/n/r/n——/r/n分别为被检验杆塔两侧垂直档距，即悬挂点距两侧弧垂最低点间的水平距离，m。/r/n将各数值带入式中得：/r/n绘制悬垂角临界区线，如图/r/n3-4/r/n。/r/n校验结果：从纵断面图上量取杆塔两侧的垂直档距/r/n，在图3-4中得到的对应点均在曲线的下方，校验合格。/r/n2/r/n./r/n/r/n根据规程最小空气间隙为/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n①/r/n基本风压：/r/n/r/n式中V/r/n—/r/n平均最大风速，以m/s代入。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n②/r/n绝缘子串所受风压：/r/n/r/nn/r/n2/r/n=1/r/n5/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n③/r/n导线风荷载计算：/r/n/r/n=1.1/r/n；/r/n；/r/n；/r/n则/r/n/r/n/r/n④/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n⑤/r/n绝缘子串风偏角：/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n根据/r/n制作间隙圆校验图，三种气象条件下间隙圆校验合格。/r/n2./r/n3/r/n杆塔荷载计算/r/n2./r/n3/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n1各种荷载组合气象条件/r/n组合气象条件/r/n风速（m/s)/r/n冰厚(mm)/r/n气温(/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n/r/n正常运行情况/r/n最大风/r/n30/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n最大覆冰/r/n1/r/n5/r/n1/r/n5/r/n-5/r/n最低气温/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-/r/n2/r/n0/r/n事故情况/r/n断导线/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n断地线/r/n0/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n安装情况/r/n吊线锚线挂线牵引/r/n10/r/n0/r/n-5/r/n2./r/n3/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n2导线地线技术数据/r/n导线型号/r/n导线外径/r/n导线截面积/r/n导线计算重量/r/n导线计算拉断力/r/nLGJ300/70/r/nd=/r/n2mm/r/nA=/r/nmm/r/n2/r/n1402/r/nkg/r/n128000/r/nN/r/n地线型号/r/n地线外径/r/n地线截面积/r/n地线计算重量/r/n地线计算拉断力/r/nJLB/r/n4/r/n-150/r/nd=/r/nA=/r/n2/r/n/km/r/n58720N/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n3绝缘子串金具和防振锤数量和重量表/r/n项目/r/n绝缘子片数/r/n金具/r/n防振锤/r/n合计/r/n导线/r/n型号与数量/r/n1/r/n5/r/n片（XWP-/r/n6/r/n）/r/n1套/r/n1个（f/r/nd/r/n-5）/r/n重量/r/n15/r/n×/r/nkg/r/nkg/r/n1/r/n×/r/nkg/r/n地线/r/n型号与数量/r/n无/r/n1套/r/n4个（f/r/nd/r/n-4）/r/n重量/r/n无/r/n4/r/n×/r/n杆塔定位的水平档距480m，垂直档距528m。/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n.1/r/n直线塔荷载计算正常运行情况最大风（v=/r/n30/r/nm/r/n/s，b=/r/n0mm/r/n1./r/n导线风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因为d=/r/n25./r/n2mm＞17mm)/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n4/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/n和电线风压荷载调整系数/r/n风速V（m/s）/r/nV/r/n≤/r/n10/r/nV＝15/r/n20/r/n≤/r/nV＜30/r/n30/r/n≤/r/nV＜35/r/nV/r/n≥/r/n35/r/n计算杆塔荷载/r/n校验杆塔电气间隙/r/n0.61/r/n计算500kv杆塔荷载/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的计算如下（本次设计地表为B类地表）/r/n地表的粗糙程度，按规范，可分为A、B、C三类。A类指近海海面、海岛、海岸、湖岸及沙漠地区；B类指田野、乡村、丛林、丘陵及城郊；C类指有密集建筑群、有众多高层建筑的大城市市区。/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n5/r/n对于330kv及以下杆塔，/r/n的计算公式/r/nA类地区/r/nB类地区/r/nC类地区/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n绝缘子串长度/r/nλ/r/n=m/r/n导线弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n导线的平均高度/r/nm/r/n/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地线风荷载/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地线弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地线金具长度/r/nλ/r/n地线平均高度/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n绝缘子串风压荷载/r/n直线塔绝缘子串数n/r/n1/r/n=1每联中绝缘子片数n/r/n2/r/n=/r/n15/r/n/r/n直线塔风压高度变化系数/r/n4/r/nm/r/n2/r/n/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主杆风荷载/r/n1）塔身风荷载/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n2/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n2/r/n）/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n横担风荷载/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积F/r/n上k/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=/r/n1/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n导线单位长重量/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n7./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=2/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n地线单位长重量/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n8./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n见表2-3/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n.2/r/n直线塔荷载计算/r/n正常运行情况的最大覆冰（/r/n/r/nV=/r/n1/r/n5/r/nm/r/n/s/r/nb=/r/n1/r/n5mm/r/n/r/n1./r/n导线风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因为d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n覆冰时导线外径d=2+/r/n2/r/n×/r/n1/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的计算如下（本次设计地表为B类地表）/r/n绝缘子串长度/r/nλ/r/n=m/r/n导线弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n导线的平均高度/r/nm/r/n/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地线风荷载/r/n地线覆冰后外径d=15.75+2/r/n×/r/n1/r/n5=/r/n4/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地线弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地线金具长度/r/nλ/r/n地线平均高度/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n绝缘子串风压荷载/r/n直线塔绝缘子串数n/r/n1/r/n=1每联中绝缘子片数n/r/n2/r/n=1/r/n5/r/n/r/n直线塔风压高度变化系数/r/n/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主杆风荷载/r/n1）塔身风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n17/r/n2/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n2）塔头风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积F/r/n上k/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n单/r/n导线n=/r/n1/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n导线覆冰单位长重量/r/n导线覆冰单位长重量/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n7./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=2/r/n垂直挡距Lv=650m/r/n地线覆冰单位长重量/r/n地线单位长重量/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n8./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n2/r/n直线塔荷载计算/r/n事故断导线情况（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n导线断线张力/r/n最大使用张力/r/n查表得直线杆塔非分裂导线断线张力取一相最大使用张力的百分数/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n6/r/n钢芯铝绞线型号/r/n钢筋混凝土及拉线铁塔/r/n自立式铁塔/r/n大跨越杆塔/r/n≤/r/nLG/r/nJ/r/n—/r/n95/20/r/n30/r/n40/r/n60/r/nLGJ120/20~LGJ185/45/r/n35/r/n40/r/n60/r/n≥/r/nLGJ/r/n—/r/n240/40/r/n40/r/n50/r/n60/r/n当杆塔为跨越塔时/r/n当杆塔为耐张塔时/r/n2./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n未断相导线重力荷载/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n已断/r/n相导线重力荷载/r/n3./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n4./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n3/r/n直线塔荷载计算/r/n事故断地线情况（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n地线断线张力/r/n最大使用张力/r/n查表得/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n7直线杆塔地线不平衡张力取为最大使用张力的百分数/r/n杆塔类型/r/n钢筋混凝土/r/n拉线铁塔/r/n自立式铁塔/r/n≤/r/n330KV/r/n15~20/r/n30/r/n50/r/n≥/r/n500KV/r/n20~30/r/n40/r/n50/r/n当杆塔为耐张塔时/r/n2./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n3./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n未断地线重力荷载/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n已断地线重力荷载/r/n4./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n4/r/n安装检修时吊线施工荷载（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n采用双倍起吊吊线/r/n直线塔/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n8/r/n项目/r/n电压等级/r/n110/r/n220/r/n——/r/n330/r/n500/r/n导线/r/n直线型杆塔/r/n耐张型杆塔/r/n地线/r/n直线型杆塔/r/n耐张型杆塔/r/n直线塔/r/n基本风压/r/nKN/m/r/n将以上数值代入下式得/r/n垂直荷载/r/n横向荷载/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n2./r/n采用转向滑车时/r/n/r/n/r/n3./r/n塔身风荷载/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n4./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.3/r/n./r/n5/r/n安装情况下的锚线荷载（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n锚线荷载分配系数n=0.5，导线张力取T=19.3KN，动力系数K=1.1，锚固钢绳对地面夹角/r/nβ≤/r/n4/r/n5/r/n°/r/n/r/n=3.5(直线塔)/r/n将所有数值代入得/r/n垂直方向/r/n横向/r/n纵向/r/n2./r/n塔身风荷载/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n3./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.1/r/n正常运行情况最大风（v=/r/n30m/r/n/s，b=/r/n0mm/r/n，t=/r/n1./r/n导线风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因为d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n4/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/n和电线风压荷载调整系数/r/n风速V（m/s）/r/nV/r/n≤/r/n10/r/nV＝15/r/n20/r/n≤/r/nV＜30/r/n30/r/n≤/r/nV＜35/r/nV/r/n≥/r/n35/r/n计算杆塔荷载/r/n校验杆塔电气间隙/r/n计算500kv杆塔荷载/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的计算如下（本次设计地表为B类地表）/r/n地表的粗糙程度，按规范，可分为A、B、C三类。A类指近海海面、海岛、海岸、湖岸及沙漠地区；B类指田野、乡村、丛林、丘陵及城郊；C类指有密集建筑群、有众多高层建筑的大城市市区。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n5/r/n对于330kv及以下杆塔，/r/n的计算公式/r/nA类地区/r/nB类地区/r/nC类地区/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n绝缘子串长度/r/nλ/r/n导线弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n导线的平均高度/r/nm<10m取10m/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n/r/n2./r/n地线风荷载/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地线弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地线金具长度/r/nλ/r/n地线平均高度/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n3./r/n绝缘子串风压荷载/r/n耐张塔绝缘子串数n/r/n1/r/n=2每联中绝缘子片数n/r/n2/r/n=15/r/n一片绝缘子的挡风面积A/r/nj/r/n2/r/n绝缘子串体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n耐张塔风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n主塔风荷载/r/n塔身风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n195=39m/r/n2/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n横担风荷载/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积F=0.3Fk=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n/r/n6./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=2/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n导线单位长重量/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n7./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=2/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n地线单位长重量/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n/r/n=8\*GB3/r/n/r/n⑧/r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n/r/n=9\*GB3/r/n/r/n⑨/r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.2/r/n正常运行情况的最大覆冰（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n5mm/r/nt/r/n=－/r/n1./r/n导线风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1.1(因为d=26.82mm＞17mm)/r/n覆冰时导线外径d=26.82+/r/n2/r/n×/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/nμ/r/nz/r/n的计算如下（本次设计地表为B类地表）/r/n绝缘子串长度/r/nλ/r/n导线弧垂取f/r/nd/r/n导线的平均高度/r/n按10m计算/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n2./r/n地线风荷载/r/n地线覆冰后外径d=15.75+2/r/n×/r/n5=/r/n导线体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n风压不均匀系数/r/nα/r/n导线风荷载调整系数/r/nβ/r/nc=1/r/n地线弧垂f/r/nd/r/n地线金具长度/r/nλ/r/n地线平均高度/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n/r/n3./r/n绝缘子串风压荷载/r/n耐张塔绝缘子串数n/r/n1/r/n=2每联中绝缘子片数n/r/n2/r/n=15/r/n一片绝缘子的挡风面积A/r/nj/r/n4/r/nm/r/n2/r/n绝缘子串体形系数/r/nμ/r/ns/r/n=1./r/n1/r/n耐张塔风压高度变化系数/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n4./r/n塔身风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n2/r/n×/r/n195=39m/r/n2/r/n将以上各值代入下式得/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n5./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n6./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=/r/n1/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n导线覆冰单位长重量/r/n导线单位长重量/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n7./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n双导线n=2/r/n垂直挡距Lv=528m/r/n地线覆冰单位长重量/r/n地线单位长重量/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n8./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n9./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.3/r/n事故断导线情况（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n导线断线张力/r/n最大使用张力/r/n查表得直线杆塔非分裂导线断线张力取一相最大使用张力的百分数/r/n表2/r/n—/r/n6/r/n钢芯铝绞线型号/r/n钢筋混凝土及拉线铁塔/r/n自立式铁塔/r/n大跨越杆塔/r/n≤/r/nLG/r/nJ/r/n—/r/n95/20/r/n30/r/n40/r/n60/r/nLGJ120/20~LGJ185/45/r/n35/r/n40/r/n60/r/n≥/r/nLGJ/r/n—/r/n240/40/r/n40/r/n50/r/n60/r/n当杆塔为跨越塔时/r/n当杆塔为耐张塔时/r/n2./r/n导线重力荷载/r/n未断相导线重力荷载/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n已断/r/n相导线重力荷载/r/n3./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n地线重力荷载/r/n4./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.4/r/n事故断地线情况（V=/r/n0m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n地线断线张力/r/n最大使用张力/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n7直线杆塔地线不平衡张力取为最大使用张力的百分数/r/n杆塔类型/r/n钢筋混凝土/r/n拉线铁塔/r/n自立式铁塔/r/n≤/r/n330KV/r/n15~20/r/n30/r/n50/r/n≥/r/n500KV/r/n20~30/r/n40/r/n50/r/n当杆塔为耐张塔时/r/n2./r/n/r/n导线重力荷载（耐张塔）/r/n导线重力荷载/r/n3./r/n地线重力荷载/r/n未断地线重力荷载/r/n已断地线重力荷载/r/n4./r/n绝缘子金具防振锤及地线挂点金具防振锤荷载/r/n5./r/n塔重/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.5/r/n安装检修时吊线施工荷载/r/n（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n采用双倍起吊吊线/r/n直线塔/r/n耐张塔/r/n查表得/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n8/r/n项目/r/n电压等级/r/n/r/n110/r/n220/r/n——/r/n330/r/n500/r/n导线/r/n直线型杆塔/r/n耐张型杆塔/r/n地线/r/n直线型杆塔/r/n耐张型杆塔/r/n直线塔/r/n耐张塔/r/n基本风压/r/n将以上数值代入下式得/r/n垂直荷载/r/n/r/n/r/n横向荷载/r/n2./r/n采用转向滑车时/r/n3./r/n塔身风荷载/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n4./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n2./r/n3/r/n.4/r/n.6/r/n安装情况下的锚线荷载（V=/r/n10m/r/n/sb=/r/n0mm/r/nt=/r/n1./r/n锚线荷载分配系数n=0.5，/r/n/r/n导线张力取T=19.3KN，/r/n/r/n动力系数K=1.1，锚固钢绳对地面夹角/r/nβ≤/r/n4/r/n5/r/n°/r/n/r/n=3.5(直线塔)/r/n将所有数值代入得/r/n垂直方向/r/n横向/r/n纵向/r/n2./r/n塔身风荷载/r/n塔头风荷载/r/n3./r/n横担风荷载/r/n基本风压/r/nKN//r/nm/r/n2/r/n风压调整系数/r/n/r/n（根据塔全高选择）/r/n结构体形系数/r/n（/r/n）/r/n风压高度变化系数/r/n沿风向投影面积/r/nk/r/n=0./r/n3/r/n×/r/n2/r/n附：各种条件下杆塔断线荷载图。/r/n如下：/r/n图2-1220Kv直线塔最大风荷载图/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大风，V=25m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-2220Kv直线塔最大覆冰荷载图/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大风，V=10m/s,b=5mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-3220Kv直线塔断导线荷载图/r/n（断导线，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-4220Kv直线塔断地线荷载图/r/n（断地线，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-5220Kv直线塔吊线荷载图/r/n（吊线导线，V=10m/s,b=0mm,t=0/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-6220Kv直线塔锚导线荷载图/r/n（锚导线，V=10m/s,b=0mm,t=0/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-7220Kv耐张塔最大风荷载图/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大风，V=25m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-8220Kv耐张塔最大覆冰荷载图/r/n（90/r/n°/r/n大风，V=10m/s,b=5mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n图2-9220Kv耐张塔断导线荷载图/r/n（断导线，V=0m/s,b=0mm,t=-5/r/n℃/r/n）/r/n第三章金具设计/r/n绝缘子是用来支撑和悬挂导线，并使导线与杆塔绝缘。它应具有足够的绝缘强度和机械强度，同时对污秽物质的侵蚀具有足够的抵抗能力，并能适应周围大气条件的变化，如温度和湿度变化对它本身的影响等。/r/n架空线常用的绝缘子有悬式绝缘子、瓷横担式绝缘子等。根据规程相关规定，考虑经济性和线路电压等级选择悬式绝缘子。/r/n3.2确定每联绝缘子的片数/r/n表2-1操作过电压与雷电过电压要求悬垂绝缘子串的最少片数/r/n标准电压（kv）/r/n35/r/n66/r/n110/r/n220/r/n300/r/n500/r/n单片绝缘子长（mm）/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n146/r/n155/r/n绝缘子数（片）/r/n3/r/n5/r/n7/r/n13/r/n17/r/n25/r/n200kv最少需要13片绝缘子。/r/n设计要求污秽等级为/r/n3/r/n级，需考虑增加绝缘子片数/r/n2片/r/n。/r/n设计要求通过平原地区海拔在/r/n1000m/r/n以下，无需增加绝缘子片数。/r/n设计中直线杆塔全高均低于/r/n40m/r/n，无需增加绝缘子片数。/r/n5.耐张绝缘子穿的绝缘字数量应比悬垂绝缘子串的同型绝缘子多1个。/r/n/r/n/r/n式中D/r/n——/r/n绝缘子的泄露距离，cm；/r/nU/r/n——/r/n线路额定电压，KV;/r/nd/r/n——/r/n泄露比距，cm。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n1污秽等级及线路直线杆绝缘子串单位泄漏距离/r/n污秽等级/r/n污秽情况/r/n单位泄漏距离/r/n0/r/n非污秽区的山丘或平原（但湖泊沼泽地带除外）非污秽区的湖泊沼泽地带。/r/n—/r/n1/r/n空气污秽的工业区边缘（距污源中心3/r/n—/r/n8公里）；盐碱地区：炉烟污秽向地区。/r/n—/r/n2/r/n—/r/n3公里）；沿海地带及盐场附近，重盐碱地区，空气污秽又有重雾的地带；距化学污源300米外地带。/r/n—/r/n3/r/n导电率很高的空气污秽地区（距在大厂和冶金工厂中心1.5公里以内）；位于大发电厂烟囱附近且有冷水塔时；严重的盐雾侵袭地区；距化学污源300米以内地区。/r/n据此，设计确定使用XWP-/r/n6/r/n(1x1/r/n5/r/n片)并配置相应的金具/r/n。/r/n根据我国长期运行经验，在一般的轻污秽区，片数按下式选定时可满足工作电压/r/nn/r/n≥λ/r/n其中：Ue/r/n——————/r/n系统的额定电压kv，有效值。/r/n/r/nλ——————/r/n每个绝缘子的泄漏距离cm./r/n—————/r/n单位泄漏距离cm/kv./r/nn/r/n≥λ/r/nn=/r/n×/r/n220/r/n÷/r/n40/r/n=/r/n1/r/n所以取1/r/n5/r/n片绝缘子合格。/r/n3.3./r/n2/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n×/r/n10/r/n-3/r/n×/r/n477/r/n×/r/n425.24=8507N/r/nG/r/n×/r/n3.3./r/n3/r/nn/r/n≥/r/nkT/R/r/n××/r/n取/r/n—/r/n串是正确的。/r/n3.4防振锤的设计/r/n3.4./r/n1/r/n.导线的防振措施/r/n防振从两方面着手，一是减弱震动，一是增强导线耐振强度。/r/n3.4./r/n2/r/n防振锤的自振频率要和导线相近，这样，当导线震动时，引起防振锤共振，使两个重锤有较大的甩动，可以有效的消耗导线的振动能量。/r/n表3/r/n—/r/n3/r/n导线防振锤的设计/r/n防振锤型号/r/n导线直径（mm）/r/n当需要装置下列防震锤个数时的相应档距（m）/r/n1个/r/n2个/r/n3个/r/nFD-4、5、6/r/nd＜12/r/n＜300/r/n＞300-600/r/n＞600-900/r/nFD-2、3/r/n12/r/n≤/r/nd/r/n≤/r/n22/r/n≤/r/n350/r/n＞350-700/r/n＞700-1000/r/nFD-1/r/n≤/r/n450/r/n＞450-800/r/n＞800-1200/r/n采用LGJ/r/n—/r/n300/r/n//r/n70/r/n型导线，导线直线D=mm，档距大于450m。选用FD/r/n—/r/n1型2个防振锤。/r/n—/r/n5.0m/s）/r/n表3-4振动风速范围/r/n档距/r/n（m）/r/n导线悬挂点高度/r/n（m）/r/n引起振动的风速/r/n（m/s）/r/n150-250/r/n12/r/n300-450/r/n25/r/n500-700/r/n40/r/n700-1000/r/n70/r/n最高气温时导线最小拉力/r