英语必修1人教新标准版Unit2PeriodFour

PeriodFourGrammar—DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech(Ⅱ)：requestsandcommands观察以下句子的变化，完成方框下的小题。1．HesaidtoAnn，“Tellmeyourproblem.”HetoldAnntotellhimherproblem.2．Davidsaidtome，“Leavetheroomquietly.”Davidorderedmetoleavetheroomquietly.3．“Couldyoupleasearriveby8：00？”sheasked.Sheaskedmetoarriveby8：00.4．“Becarefulwiththedog，boys，”shesaid.Shewarnedtheboystobecarefulwiththedog.5．“Don’tworkinbed，Tom，”shesaid.ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.若是直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，平时采用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构。常有的引述动词有tell，order，ask，warn，如句1、2、4。若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would...please？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语经常用“asksb.todosth.”结构，且please要去掉，如句3。若是转述的祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not，如句5。一、祈使句变间接引语若是直接引语是表示命令、建议或建议、央求、警告或提示的祈使句，变成间接引语时平时要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式，并在不定式前依照句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask，tell，order，suggest，advise，beg，warn，remind，invite，request，command，encourage等动词。1．表示命令的祈使句引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语经常采用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式。(1)“Finishthetaskintenminutes，”themanagersaidtotheclerk.Themanagertoldtheclerktofinishthetaskintenminutes.(2)“Keepsilent！”saidthechairman.Thechairmanorderedustokeepsilent.2．表示建议等的祈使句当直接引语为表示建议、建议、央求、劝告的祈使句(或表示央求、建议、劝告、建议的疑问句)时，多用suggestdoing/that从句(suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚假语气“should＋动词原形”，should也可省略)，及ask/advise/want/begsb.todosth.结构。(1)Marysaid，“Let’sgototheartexhibitionthisafternoon.”Marysuggestedourgoingtotheartexhibitionthatafternoon.Marysuggestedthatwe(should)gototheartexhibitionthatafternoon.(2)“Pleasehavearest，”shesaidtous.Sheaskedustohavearest.3．表示警告或提示的祈使句引述表示警告或提示的祈使句用remind，warn等词转述。(1)“Takeanumbrellaincaseofrain，”hismothersaidtohim.Hismotherremindedhimtotakeanumbrellaincaseofrain.(2)Theleadersaidtotheworkers，“Don’tspeakwhileworking.”Theleaderwarnedtheworkersnottospeakwhileworking.注意：(1)无论可否定祈使句，还是表示宛转语气的否定疑问句，在变成间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式：not/nevertodosth.。(2)直接引语中的称呼语变成间接引语时，一般把它看作主句谓语动词的宾语用。Shesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，children！”Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.二、表示央求的一般疑问句变间接引语若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would...please？”型一般疑问句，变间接引语经常用“asksb.todosth.”结构，且please要去掉。(1)“Wouldyoubuysomebreadforme？”hesaidtoher.Heaskedhertobuysomebreadforhim.(2)“Wouldyousleepandgetupearly，children？”Fathersaid.Fatheraskedthechildrentosleepandgetupearly.三、惋惜句变间接引语直接引语为惋惜句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也能够用“Whatabeautifuldressitis！”thegirlsaidtoherfriend.

that引导。Thegirltoldherfriendwhatabeautifuldressitwas.Thegirltoldherfriendthatitwasaverybeautifuldress.直接引语与间接引语互换1．Hesaidtous，“Let’sgettherebytrain.”Hesuggestedgettingtherebytrain.Hesuggestedthatweshouldgettherebytrain.2．“ShallweturnofftheTV？”sheasked.ShesuggestedturningofftheTV.3．“Whydon’tyouswaptheTVwiththebookcase？”shesaid.Sheasked/advisedmetoswaptheTVwiththebookcase.4．“Wouldyoulikeacupoftea？”sheasked.Sheaskedmetohaveacupoftea.5．“Whatanicecaritis！”theladysaid.Theladysaidwhatanicecaritwas.6．Tomsaidtohismother，“Wouldyoupleasetellmeastory？”Tomaskedhismothertotellhimastory.7．Thepolicemansaidtothem，“Don’tgothroughtheredlights.”Thepolicemantoldthemnottogothroughtheredlights.8．Thehostsaidtotheguestswarmly，“Pleasemakeyourselvesathome.”Thehosttoldthegueststomakethemselvesathome.9．MissLeetoldthekidsnottolookoutofthewindow.MissLeesaidtothekids，“Don’tlookoutofthewindow.”10．Theguideaskedthevisitorstofollowherintothepalace.Theguidesaidtothevisitors，“Followmeintothepalace.”基础牢固Ⅰ.将以下直接引语改为间接引语1．“Don’tswimouttoofar，”theteachersaidtotheboys.Theteachertoldtheboysnottoswimouttoofar.2．“Do，please，sendmetoawarmclimate，”shesaidtome.Sheaskedmetosendhertoawarmclimate.3．“Makesurethedoorisshutwhenyougoout，”fathersaidtome.FathertoldmetomakesurethatthedoorwasshutwhenIwentout.4．Sallyaskedme，“Willyoupleasepassmethedictionary？”Sallyaskedmetopassherthedictionary.5．“Whatalovelygirlsheis！”hesaid.Hesaidwhatalovelygirlshewas./Hesaidthatshewasalovelygirl.Ⅱ.将以下间接引语改为直接引语6．Shetoldusnottotouchanythingunlesstoldtowhenwewereinthelab.→“Don’ttouchanythingunlesstoldtowhenyouareinthelab，”shesaidtous.7．Heaskedmenevertophonehimaftermidnight.→“Neverphonemeaftermidnight，”hesaidtome.8．Heaskedustotidythelabassoonaswecould.→“Pleasetidythelabassoonasyoucan，”hesaidtous.9．Maryremindedmenottoforgettoanswertheletter.Marysaidtome，“Don’tforgettoanswertheletter.”10．Headvisedmetotelltheboy’sfatherifherefusedtohelp.Hesaidtome，“Iftheboyrefusestohelp，tellhisfather.”Ⅲ.完成句子11．Hetoldmetofollowhisinstructions.他告诉我要遵照他的指令。12．SheaskedmetotellMrWhitethatshewasthere.她让我告诉怀特先生她在那处。13．Hetoldthekidsnottomakesomuchnoise.他告诉孩子们不要过分喧华。14．Heorderedthemantogoaway.他命令那个人出去。15．Sheadvisedmenottotellthenewstohim.她建议我不要把这个信息告诉他。能力提升Ⅳ.完形填空Throughouthistory，peoplehavebeeninterestedinknowinghowlanguagefirstbegan，butnooneknowsexactlywhereorhowthishappened.16，wedoknowalotabout17，thelanguagesoftodayandalsothelanguagesof18times.Thereare19aboutthreethousandlanguagesintheworldtoday.Chineseisthelanguage20themostspeakers.English，RussianandSpanisharealsospokenbymanymillionsofpeople.21，somelanguagesintheworldhavelessthanonehundredspeakers.Thereareseveralimportant22oflanguagesintheworld.Forexample，mostofthelanguagesof23areinonelargefamily24theIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Theoriginal(最初的)languageofthisfamilywasspokenabout4,500years25.ManyofthepresentlanguagesofEuropeandIndiaaremodern26ofthelanguageof4,500yearsago.Languagesare27changing.TheEnglishoftodayisverydifferent28theEnglishof500yearsago.Overtimesomeeven29completely.About1,000yearsago30wasalittleknownrelativeofGerman31ononeoftheborders(界线)ofEurope.Ifalanguagehas32speakersorifitisveryold，theremaybe33inthewayitisspokenindifferentareas.Thatis，thelanguagemayhaveseveral34.Chineseisagoodexampleofdialectdifferences.Chinesehasbeenspokenforthousandsofyearsbymanymillionsofspeakers.ThedifferencesamongthedialectsofChinesearesogreatthatspeakersofChinesefromsomepartsofChina35understandspeakersfromotherparts.语篇解读

本文主要说了然语言的起源及变化。16．A.But

B．SoC．However

D．Besides答案

C剖析语言的起源素来是人们感兴趣的事情，但是没人确实地知道语言的起源终归是怎样的。但是，我们还是对语言有好多认识。

but

后不能够出现逗号，因此此处用

however

表转折。17．A.English

B．historyC．Chinese

D．languages答案

D剖析由上下文可知，此处讲的是对语言的认识，而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。空后的“thelanguagesof...”是提示。18．A.earlierB．latterC．modernD．hard答案A剖析人们对现在的语言以及更早的语言有所认识。由上下文可知此处与today对应。19．A.frequentlyB．probablyC．fluentlyD．gradually答案B剖析现在世界上可能有大体三千种语言。probably可能，吻合语境。frequently频频地；fluently流利地；gradually逐渐地。20．A.forB．withC．inD．of答案B剖析由with引导的介词短语作定语，修饰language，表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言”。21．A.InawordB．AtpresentC．OntheonehandD．Ontheotherhand答案D剖析上文提到汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言，接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用，后文话锋一转讲到，还有不到一百人使用的语言。ontheotherhand另一方面，符合语境。inaword总之；atpresent现在；ontheonehand一方面。22．A.blocksB．accentsC．familiesD．changes答案C剖析由后边的内容可知语言有几大语系(family)。“Forexample，mostofthelanguageofareinonelargefamilytheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.”也是提示。block块；accent口音；change变化。23．A.EuropeB．AsiaC．AfricaD．America答案A剖析由后边的“Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily”可知，欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系——印欧语系。24．A.calledB．spokenC．callingD．speaking答案A剖析过去分词called作定语，表示“被称作”。25．A.beforeB．agoC．laterD．old答案B剖析由前面的wasspoken可知，此处应该用与一般过去时连用的ago。before用于完成时的句子中。26．A.timesB．familiesC．formsD．members答案C剖析现在印度与欧洲的好多语言实质上就是4500年以前的语言的现代形式(form)。27．A.alwaysB．seldomC．oftenD．sometimes答案A剖析由下文可知，语言素来都在发展变化。always与现在进行时态连用表示“总是”。28．A.aboutB．withC．inD．from答案D剖析bedifferentfrom与不同样，为固定短语。29．A.dieoutB．dieawayC．diedownD．dieoff答案A剖析随着时间的推移有些语言甚至完满消失了。dieout灭绝，消失，吻合语境。dieaway逐渐模糊，逐渐减弱；diedown逐渐变弱，黯淡；dieoff接踵去世。30．A.SpanishB．EnglishC．ChineseD．Russian答案B剖析一千年前的英语还与欧洲界线地区人们讲的德语有亲戚关系。31．A.calledB．toldC．spokenD．named答案C剖析表示“讲(某种语言)”用speak，此处用过去分词作定语表示被动。32．A.agreatdealofB．afewC．alittleD．anumberof答案D剖析讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老，那么不同样地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C项只修饰不能数名词；afew表示“几个”，意义不符。33．A.speakersB．differencesC．identityD．changes答案B剖析由上文可知此处指人们说话方式的不同样(difference)。34．A.dialectsB．spellingsC．usagesD．expressions答案A剖析依照后一句中的dialectdifferences可知，一种语言可能有几种方言。dialect方言，符合语境。35．A.mustn’tB．maynotC．won’tD．can’t答案D剖析汉语方言的差别这样之大，致使于来自不同样地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会，不能够”，故用can’t。Ⅴ.语法填空Believeit36.not，IusedtoliveinthesameapartmentwithMoYan，whorequestedthatthe12-yeareducation37.(be)shortenedto10yearsattheTwoSessions(两会)．HeisalsoafamousChinesewriterwhowontheNobelPrizeinliteratureforhisnovelFrog.Hehasmanyotherfamousworks，such38.RedSorghum(《红高粱》)andTheRepublicofWine(《酒国》)which39.(recognize)tobethemostimaginativeChinesenovel.AsfarasIknow，heoftenmakesuseofhissparetime40.(talk)withthenativepeopleandsetsdownwhathehasheard.41.(actual)，hevisitsthenativepeoplesofrequentlythatheknowsthemverywell.So，itisnaturalthatthenovelswrittenbyhim42.(base)onreallife.Mostimportantly，thewayheexpresseshisfeelingsandideasisdifferentfromothernovelists(小说家

)．Asoneofthemostimportant43.

(writer)inChina

，hisworksarereadbyagreatnumberofreadersandplay44.veryimportantpartinChineseliterature.Thatis45.heworkshardandpractiseswritingfrequently.语篇解读

本文介绍了在两会上提出将

12年教育改为

10年的作家莫言。36．答案

or剖析

观察固定搭配。

believeitornot

信不信由你，是固定短语。37．答案

(should)be剖析观察虚假语气。request央求，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“shoulddo”形式，should能够省略。38．答案as剖析观察固定搭配。suchas比方，是固定短语。39．答案isrecognized剖析观察动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。全文整体时态是一般现在时，故该处用一般现在时，主语TheRepublicofWine与recognize之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，故该处用一般现在时的被动语态，填isrecognized。40．答案totalk剖析观察非谓语动词。makeuseoftimetodosth.利用时间做某事。41．答案Actually剖析观察副词。在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词。actually事实上。42．答案arebased剖析观察动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句主语是novels，故谓语用复数形式。bebasedon以为基础。43．答案writers剖析观察名词的单复数。设空前是oneofthemostimportant“最重要的之一”，故该空用名词的复数形式。44．答案a剖析观察冠词。playaveryimportantpartin在中起特别重要的作用。45．答案because剖析观察名词性从句的连接词。该句前面提到的“在中国文学中起特别重要的作用”是“努力并经常练习写作”的结果，故该空填because。Thatisbecause...那是因为。.读后续写阅读下面短文，依照所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完满的故事。Boysliketobeconsideredtobebrave，butwhatkindofthingscanbeconsideredtobebrave?Itisnotaquestionthatcanbeansweredbywords，butbytheactualdeed.AboywiththenameHenrygaveusagoodexample.RonnyandHenryweretwofriendsinthesameclass.Theyalwaysplayedtogetherandwenthometogether.OnedayasRonnyandHenryweregoinghomeafterschool，theysawsomepeoplefightinginthestreetcorner.Ronnysaidexcitedly，“Somepeoplearefighting!Let’sgoandhavealook！”ButHenryrefused，“It’snoneofourbusiness.We’dbettergohomeandnotgetclosetothem.AlsoourparentsareexpectingtohavedinnerwithustogetherathomeandIdon’twantthemtoworryaboutme.”“Youareacowardandafraidtogo，”saidRonnyandoffherantothespot(地点)withsomeotherboys.Henryhadtogohomealoneanddidn’tthinkaboutitanymore.ButRonnythoughtHenrywasacowardandtoldalltheboysthat.Theylaughedathimagreatdeal.Fromthenon，theylookeddownuponHenryanddidn’twanttoplaywithhim.Henrywassadbuthewasn’tangrywithRonnyforhisrudebehavior，becausehehadlearnedthattruecouragewasshownmostinbearingmisunderstandingwhenitwasnotdeserved(值得)，andthatheoughttobeafraidofnothingbutdoingwrong.Thus，hejustignoredtheotherboys’laughterandcontinuedtostickto(坚持)histhought