C程序设计(第四版)谭浩强-课后习题答案-共11章

C程序设计(第四版)谭浩强ー课后习题答案ー共11章第I章程序设计和C语言1什么是计算机程序1什么是计算机语言13C语言的发展及其特点3最简单的C语言程序5.1最简单的C语言程序举例64.2C语言程序的结构101.5运行C程序的步骤与方法121.6程序设计的任务141-5#include<stdio.h>intmain(){printf(〃**************************\n\n〃)；printf(*VeryGood!\n\n*);printf("**************************\n");return0;)l-6#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inta,b,c,max;printf("pleaseinputa,b,c:\n");scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);max=a;if(max<b)max=b;if(max<c)max=c;printf("Thelargestnumberis%d\n，z,max);return0;)第2章算法一程序的灵魂161什么是算法162.2简单的算法举例173算法的特性214怎样表示ー个算法224.1用自然语言表示算法224.2用流程图表示算法224.3三种基本结构和改进的流程图264.4用NS流程图表示算法284.5用伪代码表示算法314.6用计算机语言表示算法322.5结构化程序设计方法34习题36第章最简单的C程序设计——顺序程序设计373.!顺序程序设计举例372数据的表现形式及其运算392.1常量和变量392.2数据类型422.3整型数据442.4字符型数据472.5浮点型数据496怎样确定常量的类型512.7运算符和表达式523C语句573.1C语句的作用和分类573.2最基本的语句——赋值语句593.4数据的输入输出654.1输入输出举例654.2有关数据输入输出的概念674.3用printf函数输出数据684.4用scanf函数输入数据754.5字符数据的输入输出78习题823-1#include<stdio.h>ftinclude<math.h>intmain(){floatp,r,n;r=0.1;n=10;p=pow(l+r,n);printf("p=%f\n”,p);return0;3-2-1ttinclude<stdio.h>ftinclude<math.h>intmainO{floatr5,r3,r2,rl,rO,p,pl,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;rl=0.0414;r0=0.0072;pl=p*((l+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(l+2*r2)*(l+3*r3);〃先存2年期,到期后将本息再存3年期p3=p*(l+3*r3)*(l+2*r2);〃先存3年期,到期后将本息再存2年期p4=p*pow(l+rl,5);〃存1年期,到期后将本息存再存1年期,连续存5次p5=p*pow(l+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算ー次printfCpl=%f\n\pl);/Z输出按第1方案得到的本息和printfCp2=%f\n",p2);/Z输出按第2方案得到的本息和printfrP3=%f\n",p3);/Z输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%f\n〃,p4);〃输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%f\n〃,p5);/Z输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;#include<stdio.h>ttinclude<math.h>intmain(){doubler5,r3,r2,rl,rO,p,pl,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;rl=0.0414;r0=0.0072;pl=p*((l+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(l+2*r2)*(l+3*r3);〃先存2年期,到期后将本息再存3年期p3=p*(l+3*r3)*(l+2*r2);〃先存3年期,到期后将本息再存2年期p4=p*pow(l+rl,5);〃存1年期,到期后将本息存再存1年期,连续存5次p5=p*pow(l+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算ー次printfCpl=%f\n\pl);/Z输出按第1方案得到的本息和printfCp2=%f\n",p2);/Z输出按第2方案得到的本息和printfrP3=%f\n",p3);/Z输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%f\n〃,p4);〃输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%f\n〃,p5);/Z输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;}3-2-3#include<math.h>intmain(){floatr5,r3,r2,rl,rO,p,pl,p2,p3,p4,p5;p=1000;r5=0.0585;r3=0.054;r2=0.0468;rl二〇.0414;r0=0.0072;pl=p*((l+r5)*5);//一次存5年期p2=p*(l+2*r2)*(l+3*r3);//先存2年期,到期后将本息再存3年期P3=p*(l+3*r3)*(l+2*r2);//先存3年期,到期后将本息再存2年期p4-p*pow(l+rl,5);〃存1年期,到期后将本息存再存1年期,连续存5次p5=p*pow(l+r0/4,4*5);//存活期存款。活期利息每一季度结算・次printf("pl=%10.2f\n",pl);〃输出按第1方案得到的本息和printf(*P2=%10.2f\n\p2);/Z输出按第2方案得到的本息和printf(*p3=%10.2f\n*,p3);/Z输出按第3方案得到的本息和printf("p4=%10.2f\n",p4);〃输出按第4方案得到的本息和printf("p5=%10.2f\n”,p5);〃输出按第5方案得到的本息和return0;)3~3.#include<math.h>intmain(){floatd=300000,p=6000,r=0.01,m;m=loglO(p/(p-d*r))/loglO(l+r);printf("m=%6.2f\n",m);return0;}3-4^include<stdio.h>intmain(){intc1,c2;cl=197;c2=198;printf("cl=％c,c2=%c\n",cl,c2);printf("cl二%d,c2=%d\n",cl,c2);return0;}3-5#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inta,b;floatx,y;charcl,c2;scanf("a二%db二％d“,&a,&b);scanf("%f%e”,&x,&y);scanf("%c%c”,&cl,&c2);printf("a二%d,b=%d,x=%f,y=%f,cl=%c,c2=%c\n*,a,b,x,y,cl,c2);return0;}3-6ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){charcl二'C',c2='h',c3二'i',c4='n',c5二'a';cl=cl+4;c2二c2+4;c3=c3+4;c4二c4+4;c5二c5+4;printf("passworis%c%c%c%c%c\n*,cl,c2,c3,c4,c5);return0;}3-7#include<stdio.h>intmain(){floath,r,1,s,sq,vq,vz;floatpi=3.141526;printf（"请输入圆半径r»圆柱髙h:〃）;scanf（*%f,%f&r,&h）i〃要求输入圆半径r和圆柱高hl=2*pi*r;〃计算圆周长ls=r*r*pi;〃计算圆面积ssq=4*pi*r*ri〃计算惻球表面积sqvq=4.0/3.0*pi*r*r*ri〃计算圆球体积vqvz=pi*r*r*h;//计算圆柱体积vzprintf（"圆周长为:1二%6.2f\n",1）;printf（"圆面积为:s=%6.2f\n",s）;printf（“圆球表面积为:sq=%6.2f\n",sq）;printf（"圆球体积为:v=%6.2f\n*,vq）;printf（"圆柱体积为:vz=%6.2f\n",vz）;return0;}3-8-1#include<stdio.h>intmain（）{intcl,c2;〃整型定义printf（〃请输入两个整数cl,c2<）;scanf（"%d,%d”,&cl,&c2）;printf（"按字符输出结果:'n"）;printf（*%c,%c\n”,cl,c2）;printf（"按ASCII码输出结果为:\n"）;printf（"%d,%d\n”,cl,c2）;return0;#include<stdio.h>intmain()[charcl,c2;//定义字符型变量inti1,i2;//定义整型变量printf("请输入两个字符cl,c2:");scanf(*%c,%c*,&cl,&c2);il=cl;〃赋值给整型变量i2=c2;printf("按字符输出结果:'n");printf(*%c,%c\n*,i1,i2);printf("按整数输出结果:'n");printf(*%d,%d\n*,cl,c2);return0;}3-8-3#include<stdio.h>intmain()(charcl,c2;〃定义为字符型intil,i2;〃定义为整型printf("请输入两个整数il,i2:");scanfr%d,%d*,&il,&i2);cl=il;〃将整数赋值给字符变量c2=i2;printf("按字符输出结果:'n");printf(*%c,%c\n*,cl,c2);printf（"按整数输出结果:'n"）;printf(*%d,%d\n”,cl,c2);return0;}3-8#include<stdio.h>intmain()icharcl,c2;printf(〃请输入两个字符cl,c2<);cl=getchar();c2=getchar();printf(〃用putchar语句输出结果为;putchar(cl);putchar(c2);printf("\n");printf("用printf语句输出结果为:つ;printfぐ%c%c\n”,cl,c2);return0;}第4章选择结构程序设计851选择结构和条件判断854.2用if语句实现选择结构874.2.1H]if语句处理选择结构举例874.2.2if语句的一般形式893关系运算符和关系表达式913.1关系运算符及其优先次序913.2关系表达式924逻辑运算符和逻辑表达式924.4.1逻辑运算符及其优先次序934.4.2逻辑表达式944.4.3逻辑型变量964.5条件运算符和条件表达式974.6选择结构的嵌套994.7用switch语句实现多分支选择结构1024.8选择结构程序综合举例105习题!114-4-1ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()[inta,b,c;printf("请输入三个整数:")；scanf("%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c);if(a<b)if(b<c)printf("max=%d\n〃,c);elseprintf(〃max=%d\n〃,b);elseif(a<c)printf("max二%d\n”,c);elseprintf("max=%d\n",a);return0;}4-4-2#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inta,b,c,temp,max;printf(〃请输入三个整数:“)；scanf("%d,%d,%d”,&a,&b,&c);temp=(a>b)?a:b;/・将a和b中的大者存入temp中・/max二(temp>c)?temp:c;/・将a和b中的大者与c比较,取最大者・/printf("三个整数的最大数是％d\n',max);return0;)4-5-2#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>#defineMlOOOintmain()inti,k;printf("请输入一个小于%d的整数i:*,M);scanf&i);while(i>M){printf(〃输入的数不符合要求,请重新输入ー个小于%d的整数i:M);scanf&i);}k=sqrt(i);printfC%d的平方根的整数部分是:％d\n〃,i,k);return0;}4-5ttinclude<stdio.h>ttinclude<math.h>#defineM1000intmain()(inti,k;printf(〃请输入ー个小于%d的整数i:〃,M);scanf("%d",&i);if(i>M){printf(〃输入的数不符合要求,请重新输入ー个小于%d的整数i:M);scanf("%d",&i);k=sqrt(i);printf("%d的平方根的整数部分是:%d\n”,i,k);return0;}4-6.ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){intx,y;printf("输入x:");scanf(*%dzz,&x);if(x<l)/*x<l*/{y=x；printf("x=%3d,y二x二%d\n”,x,y);}elseif(x<10)/*l=<x<10*/{y=2*x-l;printf(〃x二%d,y二2*x-l.二%d\n”,x,y);}else/*x>=10*/{y=3*x-ll;printfCx=%d,y=3*xTl二％d\n”,x,y);}return0;)4-7-1^include<stdio.h>intmain()intx,y;printf('enterx:");scanf("%d",&x);y=-l;if(x!=O)if(x>0)y=l;elsey=0;printfCx=%d,y=%d\n",x,y);return0;}4-7-2ftinclude<stdio.h>intmain()(intx,y;printfCpleaseenterx:");scanf("%d",&x);y=0;if(x>=0)if(x>0)y=l;elsey="l;printf("x=%d,y二%d\n〃,x,y);return0;}4-8#include<stdio.h>intmain(){floatscore;chargrade;printf(〃请输入学生成绩:〃)；scanfC'%f”,&score);while(score>100|score<0){printf("\n输入有误,请重输”);scanfC'%f”,&score);)switch((int)(score/10)){case10:case9:grade='A';break;case8:grade='B';break;case7:grade二し!break;case6:grade二'D';break;case5:case4:case3:case2:case1:case0:grade='E';}printf("成绩是%5.If,相应的等级是%c\n score,grade);return0;}4-9ttinclude<stdio.h>^include<math.h>intmain()(intnum,indiv,ten,hundred,thousand,ten_thousand,place;位,刀位和位数printf(〃请输入一个整数(0-99999);scanf("%d”,&num);if(num>9999)place=5;elseif(num>999)place=4;elseif(num>99)〃分别代表个位,十位,百位,千place=3;elseif(num>9)place=2;elseplace=l;printf("位数:%d\n”,place);printf("每位数字为:")；ten_thousandz:num/10000;thousand=(int)(num-tenthousand*10000)/1000;hundred=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000)/100;ten=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000-hundred*100)/10;indiv=(int)(num-ten_thousand*10000-thousand*1000-hundred*100-ten*10);switch(place){case5:printf("%d,%d,%d,%d,%d〃,ten_thousand,thousand,hundred,ten,indiv);printf("\n反序数字为:")；printf("刎%d%d%d%d\n,indiv,ten,hundred,thousand,ten_thousand);break;case4:printf("%d,%d,%d,%d",thousand,hundred,ten,indiv);printf("\n反序数字为:")；printf("%d%d%d%d\n",indiv,ten,hundred,thousand);break;case3:printf("%d,%d,%d",hundred,ten,indiv);printf("\n反序数字为:")；printf("%d%d%d\n",indiv,ten,hundred);break;case2:printf("%d,%d",ten,indiv);printf("\n反序数字为:")；printf("%d%d\n”,indiv,ten);break;case1:printf("%d",indiv);printf（"\n反序数字为:"）;printf(*%d\n*,indiv);break;}return0;)4-10-1/include<stdio.h>intmain()(inti;doublebonus,bonl,bon2,bon4,bon6,bonlO;bonl=100000^0.1;bon2=bonl+100000*0.075;bon4=bon2+l00000*0.05;bon6=bon4+l00000*0.03;bon10=bon6+400000*0.015;printf("请输入利润i:");scanf&i);if(i<=100000)bonus二i*〇.1;elseif(i<=200000)bonus=bon1+(i-100000)*0.075;elseif(iく=40000〇)bonus=bon2+(i-200000)*0.05;elseif(i<=600000)bonus=bon4+(i-400000)*0.03;elseif(i<=1000000)bonus=bon6+(i-60000〇)*0,015;elsebonus=bonl0+(i-1000000)*0.01;printf("奖金是:%10.2f\n*,bonus);return0;}4-10-2#include<stdio.h>intmain()(inti;doublebonus,bonl,bon2,bon4,bon6,bonlO;intbranch;bonl=100000*0.1;bon2=bonl+100000・〇,075;bon4=bon2+20000〇*〇.05;bon6=bon4+20000〇*〇.03;bonlO=bon6+40000〇・〇.015;printf("请输入利润i:;scanf("%d",&i);branch二i/100000;if(branch>10)branch=10;switch(branch){case0:bonus=i*0.1;break;case1:bonus=bonl+(i-100000)*0.075;break;case2:case3:bonus=bon2+(i-200000)*0.05;break;case4:case5:bonus=bon4+(i-400000)*0.03;break;case6:bonus=bon6+(i-600000)*0.015;break;case10:bonus=bonl0+(i-1000000)*0.01;}printf("奖金是%10.2f\nz，,bonus);return0;)4-11#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intt,a,b,c,d;printf("请输入四个数:“)；scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d",&a,&b,&c,&d);printf("a=%d,b=%d,c=%d,d=%d\n",a,b,c,d);if(a>b){t=a;a=b;b=t;}if(a>c){t=a;a=c;c=t;}if(a>d){t=a;a=d;d=t;}if(b>c){t=b;b=c;c=t;}if(b>d)(t=b;b=d;d=t;}if(c>d){t=c;c=d;d=t;}printf(〃排序结果如下:、ベ)；printf(*%d%d%d%d\n，z,a,b,c,d);return0;}4-12ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()(inth=10;floatxl=2,yl=2,x2=-2,y2=2,x3=-2,y3=-2,x4=2,y4=-2,x,y,dl,d2,d3,d4;printf(“请输入ー个点(x,y);scanf("%f,%f”,&x,&y);dl=(x-x4)*(x-x4)+(y-y4)*(y-y4);/・求该点到各中心点距离・/d2=(x-xl)*(x-xl)+(y-yl)*(y-yl);d3=(x-x2)*(x-x2)+(y-y2)*(y-y2);d4=(x-x3)*(x-x3)+(y-y3)*(y-y3);if(dl>l&&d2>l&&d3>l&&d4>l)h二〇;/・判断该点是否在塔外・/printf("该点髙度为%d\n”,h);return0;}第5章循环结构程序设计1145.1为什么需要循环控制1145.2用while语句实现循环!155.3用d〇…while语句实现循环!175.4用for语句实现循环!205循环的嵌套1245.6几种循环的比较1255.7改变循环执行的状态!255.7.1用break语句提前终止循环!265.7.2用continue语句提前结束本次循环!275.7.3break语句和continue语句的区别1285.8循环程序举例131习题!405-2Sinclude<stdio.h>8include<math.h>//程序中用到数学函数fabs,应包含头文件math,nintmain()(intsign=l,count=0;〃sign用来表示数值的符号,count用来统计循环次数doublepi=0.0,n=1.0,term=1.0;〃pi开始代表多项式的值,最后代表n的值,n代表分母,term代表当前项的值while(fabs(term)>=le-8)/Z检查当前项term的绝对值是否大于或等于!0的(-6)次方{pi=pi+tenn;//把当前项term累加到p!中n=n+2;//n+2是下ー项的分母sign二一sign;//sign代表符号,下ー项的符号与上一项符号相反term=sign/n;/Z求出下ー项的值termcount++;//count累加1}pi=pi*4;/Z多项式的和pi乘以4,オ是n的近似值printf("pi=%10.8f\n",pi);//输出n的近似值printf("count=%d\n",count);/Z输出循环次数return0;}5-3#include<stdio.h>intmain()(intp,r,n,m,temp;printf(〃请输入两个正整数n,m:");scanf(，z%d,%d,",&n,&m);if(n<m)(teii^n;n=m;m二temp;p=n*m;while(m!=0)(r=n%m;n=m;m=r;}printf("它们的最大公约数为:%d\n”,n);printf("它们的最小公约数为:%d\n”,p/n);return0;}5-4ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){charc;intletters=0,space=0,digit=0,other=O;printf("请输入一行字符:、n");while((c=getchar())!='\n')(if(c>='a'&&cくニ'z'IIc>='A'&&cく二'Z')letters++;elseif(c==，')space++;elseif(c>二'〇'&&c<='9')digit++;elseother++;}printf("字母数:％d\n空格数:％d\n数字数:％d\n其它字符数:％d\n,letters,space,digit,other);return0;}5-5ttinclude<stdio.h>intmainO{inta,n,i=l,sn=0,tn=0;printf("a,n=:");scanf("%d,%d",&a,&n);while(iく=n){tn=tn+a;/・赋值后的tn为i个a组成数的值・/sn=sn+tn;/・赋值后的sn为多项式前i项之和・/a=a*10;++i；}printf("a+aa+aaa+...=%d\n",sn);return0;5-6ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){doubles=0,t=l;intn;for(n=l;n<=20;n++)it=t*n;s=s+t;}printf(〃1!+2!+.・•+20!=%22.15e\n",s);return0;}5-7ftinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){intnl=100,n2=50,n3=10;doublek,sl=0,s2=0,s3=0;for(k=l;k<=nl;k++)/・计算1到100的和・/{sl=sl+k;}for(k=l;k<=n2;k++)/・计算1到50各数的平方和・/{s2=s2+k*k;}for(k=l;k<=n3;k++)/・计算1到10的各倒数和・/{s3=s3+l/k;}printf("sum=%15.6f\n",sl+s2+s3);return0;}5-8ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()(inti,j,k,n;printf("parcissusnumbersare");for(n=100;n<l000;n++)(i=n/100;j=n/10-i*10;k=n%10;if(n=i*i*i+j*j*j+k*k*k)printf("%d",n);}printf("\n");return0;}5-9-1^defineM1000/・定义寻找范围・/#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intkl,k2,k3,k4,k5,k6,k7,k8,k9,klO;inti,a,n,s;for(a=2;a<=M;a++)/*a是2-1000之间的整数,检查它是否完数・/{nニ〇;/*n用来累计a的因子的个数・/s=a;/*s用来存放尚未求出的因子之和,开始时等于a*/for(i=l;iくa;i++)/・检查i是否a的因子・/if(a%i==0)/・如果i是a的因子・/{n++;/*n加1,表示新找到ー个因子・/s=s-i;/*s减去已找到的因子,s的新值是尚未求出的因子之和・/switch(n)/・将找到的因子赋给kl...k9,或klO*/{case1:kl=i;break;/・找出的笫1个因子赋给kl*/k2=i;break;/・找出的笫2个因子赋给k2*/k3=i;break;/・找出的笫3个因子赋给k3*/k4=i;break;/・找出的笫4个因子赋给k4*/k5=i;break;/・找出的笫5个因子赋给k5*/k6=i;break;/・找出的笫6个因子赋给k6*/k7=i;break;/・找出的笫7个因子赋给k7*/k8=i;break;/・找出的笫8个因子赋给k8*/k9=i;break;/・找出的笫9个因子赋给k9*/klO=i;break;/・找出的笫10个因子赋给klO*/))if(s==0)(printf(z/%d,Itsfactorsare',a);if(n>l)printf("%d,%d",kl,k2);/*n>l表示a至少有2个因子・/if(n>2)printf(\%d",k3);/*n>2表示至少有3个因子,故应再输出ー个因子・/if(n>3)printf(",%d",k4);/*n>3表示至少有4个因子,故应再输出ー个因子・/if(n>4)printf(",%d",k5);/・以下类似・/if(n>5)printf(二％d",k6);if(n>6)printf(",%d",k7);if(n>7)printf(二％d",k8);if(n>8)printf(二％d二k9);if(n>9)printf(二％d二klO);printf('\n");return0;}5-9-2#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intm,s,i;for(m=2;m<1000;m++){s=0;for(i=l;i<m;i++)if((m%i)=0)s=s+i;if(s==m){printf(，z%d,itsfactorsare，z,m);for(i=l;i<m;i++)if(m%i==0)printf(*%d”,i);printf("\n");}}return0;}5-10#include<stdio.h>intmain()Iinti,n=20;doublea=2,b=l,s=0,t;for(i=l;i<=n;i++)s=s+a/b;t~a,a=a+b,b=t;}printf(*suin=%16.10f\n*,s);return0;}5-11^include<stdio.h>intmain()(doublesn=100,hn=sn/2;intn;for(n=2;n<=10;n++){sn=sn+2*hn;/*第n次落地时共经过的米数・/hn二hn/2;/・第n次反跳高度・/)printf("第!0次落地时共经过%f米、n”,sn);printf("第10次反弹%f米、n”,hn);return0;#include<stdio.h>intmain(){intday,xl,x2;day=9;x2=l;while(day>O){xl=(x2+l)*2;/*第1天的桃子数是第2天桃子数加1后的2倍.*/x2=xl;day—;}printf("total二%d\n”,xl);return0;}5-13ftinclude<stdio.h>ttinclude<math.h>intmain(){floata,xO,xl;printf("enterapositivenumber:");scanf("%f",&a);x0=a/2;xl=(x0+a/x0)/2;do{xO=xl;xl=(xO+a/xO)/2;}while(fabs(x0-xl)>=le-5);printf(*Thesquarerootof%5.2fis%8.5f\n*,a,xl);return0;}5-14ttinclude<stdio.h>^include<math.h>intmain(){doublexl,xO,f,fl;xl=l.5;do{x0=xl;f=((2*x0-4)*x0+3)*x0-6;fl=(6*x0-8)*x0+3;xl=x0-f/fl;}while(fabs(xl-xO)>=le-5);printt(Fherootofequationis%5.2f\n",xl);return0;)5-15^include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>intmainO{floatxO,xl,x2,fxO,fxl,fx2;do{printf(""enterxl&x2:");scanf(*%f,%f”,&xl,&x2);fxl=xl*((2*xl-4)*xl+3)-6;fx2=x2*((2*x2-4)*x2+3)-6;}while(fxl*fx2>0);do{x0=(xl+x2)/2;fxO=xO*((2*x0-4)*x0+3)-6;if((fx0*fxl)<0){x2=x0;fx2=fx0;}else{xl=xO;fxl=fxO;}}while(fabs(fxO)>=le-5);printf("x=%6.2f\n”,xO);5-16ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()(inti,j,k;for(i=0;i<=3;i++){for(j=0;j<=2-i;j++)printf("");for(k=0;k<=2*i;k++)printf(〃ド)；printf('\n");}for(i二〇;iく二2;i++){for(j=O;j<=i;j++)printfCつ;for(k=0;k<=4-2*i;k++)printf('*");printf('\n〃);}return0;)5-17ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()chari,j,k;/・是a的对手;j是b的对手;k是c的对手・/for(i=x,;i<=z;i++)for(j-x);j<-z;j++)if(i!=j)for(k="x';k<=,z;k++)if(i!=k&&j!=k)if(i!='x'&&k!='x'&&k!='z')printf("A-%c\nB一%c\nC一%c\n”,i,j,k);return0;)第6章利用数组处理批量数据1426.1怎样定义和引用・维数组1426.1.1怎样定义ー维数组!436.1.2怎样引用ー维数组元素1446.1.3ー维数组的初始化1456.1.4ー维数组程序举例1466.2怎样定义和弓I用二维数组!486.2.1怎样定义二维数组!496.2.2怎样引用二维数组的元素1506.2.3二维数组的初始化1516.2.4二维数组程序举例1526.3字符数组1546.3.1怎样定义字符数组!546.3.2字符数组的初始化1556.3.3怎样引用字符数组中的元素1556.3.4字符串和字符串结束标志1566.3.5字符数组的输入输出1596.3.6使用字符串处理函数!616.3.7字符数组应用举例165习题1686-1#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>intmain(){inti,j,n,a[101];for(i=l;i<=100;i++)a[i]=i;a[l]=0;for(i=2;i<sqrt(100);i++)for(j=i+l;j<=100;j++){if(a[i]!=0&&a[j]!=0)if(a[j]%a[i]==0)a[j]=0;)printf("\n");for(i=2,n=0;i<=100;i++){if(a[i]!=0){printf("%5d",a[i]);n++;{printf('\n");n二〇;}}printfC\n");return0;}6-2ttinclude<stdio.h>intmainO{inti,j,min,temp,a[l1];printf〈enterdata:\n*);for(i=l;i<=10;i++){printf(“a[%d]="，i);scanf("%d",&a[i]);}printf("\n");printf("Theorginalnumbers:\n");for(i=l;i<=10;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("\n");for(i=l;i<=9;i++){min=i;for(j=i+l;j<=10;j++)if(a[min]>a[j])min=j;temp=a[i];a[i]=a[min];a[min]二temp;printfCAnThesortednumbers:\n*);for(i=l;iく=10;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf(〃\n");return0;)6-3^include<stdio.h>intmain()iinta[3][3],sum=0;inti,j;printf(*enterdata:\n");for(i二〇;iく3;i++)for(j=0;j<3;j++)scanf("%3d”,&a[i][j]);for(i=0;i<3;i++)sum=sum+a[i][i];printf("sum=%6d\n”,sum);return0;}6-4ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){inta[ll]={l,4,6,9,13,16,19,28,40,100);inttempi,temp2,number,end,i,j;printf(，zarraya:\n");printf("%5d”,a[i]);printf("\n");printf(*insertdata:");scanf("%d",&number);end=a[9];if(number>end)a[10]=number;else{for(i=0;i<10;i++){if(a[i]>number){templ=a[i];a[i]=number;for(j=i+l;j<ll;j++){temp2=a[j];a[j]=templ;templ=temp2;}break;printf("Nowarraya:\n");for(i=0;i<ll;i++)printf("%5d”,a[i]);printf("\n");return0;}6-5ttinclude<stdio.h>ttdefineN5intmainO{inta[N],i,temp;printflenterarraya:\nzz);for(i=0;iくN;i++)scanf("%d”,&a[i]);printf(/zarraya:\n");for(i=0;iくN;i++)printf("%4d",a[i]);for(i=0;i<N/2;i++)//循环的作用是将对称的元素的值互换{temp=a[i];a[i]=a[N-i-l];a[N-i-l]=temp;}printf(zz\nNow,arraya:\nzz);for(i=0;i<N;i++)printf("%4d",a[i]);printf('\n");return0;6-6#include<stdio.h>#defineN10intmain(){inti,j,a[N][N];for(i=0;iくN;i++){a[i]a[i][0]=l;}for(i=2;iくN;i++)for(j=l;j<=i-l;j++)a[i][j]=a[i-l][j-l]+a[i-l][j];for(i=0;i<N;i++){for(j=0;j<=i;j++)printf("%6d",a[i][j]);printf(〃、n");}printf("\n");return0;intmain(){inta[15][15],i,j,k,p,n;p=l：while(p==l){printf(*entern(n=l-15):;scanf("刎",&.n);if((n!=O)&&(n<=15)&&(n%2!=0))p=O;)for(i=l;i<=n;i++)for(j=l;j<=n;j++)a[i][j]=0;j=n/2+l;a[l][j]=l;for(k=2;kく=n*n;k++){i=i-l；j=j+l；if((i<l)&&(j>n)){i=i+2;j=j-l：)else{if(i<l)i=n;if(j>n)j=l;if(a[i][j]==0)a[i][j]=k;else{i=i+2;j=j-l；a[i][j]=k;))for(i=l;i<=n;i++){for(j=l;j<=n;j++)printf(*%5d*,a[i][j]);printf("\n");)return0;}6-8ttinclude<stdio.h>#defineN4#defineM5/・数组为4行5列・/intmain()(inti,j,k,a[N][M],max,maxj,flag;printfCpleaseinputmatrix:\nz");for(i二〇;iくN;i++)/・输入数组・/for(j=0；j<M;j++)scanf("%d”,&a[i][j]);for(i=0;i<N;i++){max=a[i][0];/・开始时假设a[i][0]最大・/maxj=0;/・将列号〇赋给maxj保存・/for(j=0;j<M;j++)/・找出第i行中的最大数・/if(a[i][j]>max){max=a[i][j];/・将本行的最大数存放在max中・/maxj=j;/・将最大数所在的列号存放在maxj中・/}flag=l;/・先假设是鞍点,以flag为1代表・/for(k=O;k<N;k++)if(max>a[k][maxj])/・将最大数和其同列元素相比・/{flag=0;/*如果max不是同列最小,表示不是鞍点令flagl为0・/continue;}if(flag)/・如果flagl为1表示是鞍点・/{printf(/za[%d][%d]=%d\nz\i,maxj,max);/*输出鞍点的值和所在行列号・/break;})if(!flag)/・如果flag为〇表示鞍点不存在・/printf(zzItisnotexist!\n，z);return0;#defineN15intmain()(inti,number,top,bott,mid,loca,a[N],flag=l,sign;charc;printf("enterdata:\n");scanf("%d”,&a[0]);i=l；while(i<N){scanf("%d",&a[i]);if(a[i]>=a[i-l])i++；elseprintf("enterthisdataagain:\n");}printf("\n");for(i=0;iくN;i++)printf("%5d",a[i]);printf("\n");while(flag){printf("inputnumbertolookfor:");scanf("%d”,&number);sign=0;topニ〇;〃top是查找区间的起始位置bott=N-l:〃bott是查找区间的最末位置if((number<a[0])11(number>a[N-l]))〃要査的数不在查找区间内loca=-l;〃表示找不到while((!sign)&&(top<=bott)){mid=(bott+top)/2;if(number==a[mid]){loca=mid;printf(，zHasfound%d,itspositionis%d\nz/,number,loca+1);sign=l;}elseif(number<a[mid])bott=mid-l;elsetop=mid+1;}if(!signI|loca==-l)printfCcannotfind%d.\n,number);;printf("continuornot(Y/N)?");scanf("%cz，,&c);if(cニニ'N'I|c='n')flagニ〇;}return0;ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){inti,j,upp,low,dig,spa,oth;chartext[3][80];upp=1ow=dig=spa=oth=0;for(i二〇;iく3;i++){printf(，zpleaseinputline%d:\n”,i+1);gets(text[i]);for(j=0;j<80&&text[i][j]!=>\0*;j++){if(text[i][j]>=,A*&&text[i][j]<=Z*)upp++;elseif(text[i][j]>=，a*&&text[i][j]<=，z)low++;elseif(text[i][j]>=’〇'&&text[i][j]<=，9')dig++;elseif(text[i][j]=='')spa++;elseoth++;}}printf(z，\nuppercase:%d\n”,upp);printf(z/lowercase:%d\nzz,low);print—digit:%d\n”,dig);printf(*space:%d\n”,spa);printf(zzother:%d\n,oth);return0;}6-11^include<stdio.h>intmain(){chara[5]={，inti,j,k；charspace二''；for(i二〇;iく5;i++){printf(〃\n");printf("");for(j=l；j<=i;j++)printf(A%c,space);for(k=0;k<5;k++)printf('%c",a[k]);}printf(〃\n");return0;}6T2a-c^include<stdio.h>intmain(){intj,n;charch[80],tran[80];printf(zzinputciphercode:");gets(ch);printf("\nciphercode:%s",ch);j=0;while(ch[j]!='\0'){if((ch[j]>=A')&&(ch[j]<=Z'))tran[j]=155-ch[j];elseif((ch[j]>=，a')&&(ch[j]<=，z'))tran[j]=219-ch[j];elsetran[j]=ch[j];j++；}n=j;printf('Unoriginaltext:");for(j=0；j<n;j++)putchar(tran[j]);printf('\n");return0;}6-12bftinclude<stdio.h>intmain(){intj,n;charch[80];printf("inputciphercode:\n");gets(ch);printf("\nciphercode:%s\n*,ch);j=0;while(ch[j]!=‘、。'){if((ch[j]>='A')&&(ch[j]<='Z'))ch[j]=155-ch[j];elseif((ch[j]>='a')&&(ch[j]<=，z'))ch[j]=219-ch[j];elsech[j]=ch[j];j++；n=j;printf(^originaltext:");for(j=0;j<n：j++)putchar(ch[j]);printf("\n");return0;}6-13^include<stdio.h>intmain(){charsi[80],s2[40];inti=0,j=0;printf("inputstringl:");scanf("%s",si);printf("inputstring2:");scanf("%s”,s2);while(si[i]!=‘、〇')i++；while(s2[j]!='\0')sl[i++]=s2[j++];sl[i]='、0';printf("\nThenewstringis:%s\n",si);return0;ftinclude<stdio.h>intmainO{inti,resu;charsi[100],s2[100];printf(z，inputstringl:;gets(si);printf("\ninputstring2:");gets(s2);i=0;while((sl[i]=s2[i])&&(sl[i]!二‘、〇'))i++;if(sl[i]==>\0'&&s2[i]=='\0')resu=O;elseresu=sl[i]-s2[i];printf(zz\nresult:%d.\nzz,resu);return0;}6-15#include<stdio.h>^include<string.h>intmain(){charsi[80],s2[80];printf(*inputs2:");scanfs2);for(i-0;i<=strlen(s2);i++)sl[i]=s2[i];printf("si:%s\n”,si);return0;)第7章用函数实现模块化程序设计1707.!为什么要用函数1707.2怎样定义函数1727.2.1为什么要定义函数1727.2.2定义函数的方法I737.3调用函数1747.3.1函数调用的形式1747.3.2函数调用时的数据传递1757.3.3函数调用的过程1777.3.4函数的返回值!787.4对被调用函数的声明和函数原型1797.5函数的嵌套调用1827.6函数的递归调用1847.7数组作为函数参数1927.7.1数组元素作函数实参1937.7.2数组名作函数参数1947.7.3多维数组名作函数参数1977.8局部变量和全局变量1997.8.1局部变量!997.8.2全局变量2007.9变量的存储方式和生存期2047.9.1动态存储方式与静态存储方式2047.9.2局部变量的存储类别2057.9.3全局变量的存储类别2087.9.4存储类别小结2127.10关于变量的声明和定义2147.11内部函数和外部函数2157.11.1内部函数2157.11.2外部函数215习题2187-1-1^include<stdio.h>intmain(){inthcf(int,int);intlcd(int,int,int);intu,v,h,1;scanf("%d,%d”,&u,&v);h=hcf(u,v);printf(*H.C.F=%d\n*,h);l=lcd(u,v,h);printf("L.C.D=%d\n*,1);return0;}inthcf(intu,intv){intt,r;if(v>u){t=u;u=v;v=t；}while((r=u%v)!=0){u=v;v=r;}return(v);}intled(intu,intv,inth)(return(u*v/h);}7-1-2#include<stdio.h>intHcf,Led;intmain(){voidhcf(int,int);voidlcd(int,int);intu,v;scanf("%d,%d",&u,&v);hcf(u,v);lcd(u,v);printf("H.C.F=%d\n*,Hcf);printf("L.C.D=%d\n*,Led);return0;)voidhcf(intu,intv){intt,r;if(v>u){t=u;u=v;v=t；}while((r=u%v)!=0){u=v;v=r;)Hcf7；}voidlcd(intu,intv){Lcd=u*v/Hcf;)7-2ttinclude<stdio.h>#include<math.h>floatxl,x2,disc,p,q;intmain(){voidgreaterthanzero(float,float);voidequal_to_zero(float,float);voidsmaller_than_zero(float,float);floata,b,c;printf(z，inputa,b,c:");scanf("%f,%f,%f",&a,&b,&c);printf("equation:%5.2f*x*x+%5.2f*x+%5.2f=0\n",a,b,c);disc=b*b-4*a*c;printf("root:\n");if(disc>0)(greater_than_zero(a,b);printf("xl=%f\t\tx2=%f\n",xl,x2);}elseif(disc==0){equaltozero(a,b);printf("xl二%f\t\tx2=%f\n”,xl,x2);}else{sma11er_than_zero(a,b);printf("xl=%f+%fi\tx2=%f-%fi\n",p,q,p,q);}return0;}voidgreater_than_zero(floata,floatb){xl二(-b+sqrt(disc))/(2*a);x2=(-b-sqrt(disc))/(2*a);voidequal_to_zero(floata,floatb)xl=x2=(-b)/(2*a);}voidsmaller_than_zero(floata,floatb){p=-b/(2*a);q=sqrt(-disc)/(2*a);}7-3ttinclude<stdio.h>intmain()(intprime(int);intn;printflinputaninteger:*);scanf&n);if(prime(n))printf(〃％disaprime.\n",n);elseprintf(/z%disnotaprime.\n',n);return0;}intprime(intn){intflag=l,i;for(i=2;i<n/2&&flag==l;i++)if(n%i==0)flag=O;return(flag);}7-4ttinclude<stdio.h>ttdefineN3intarray[N][N];intmain(){voidconvert(intarray[][3]);inti,j;printflinputarray:\n");for(i=0;i<N;i++)for(j=0;jくN;j++)scanf(zz%dz，,&array[i][j]);printf("\noriginalarray:\n");for(i=0;iくN;i++){for(j=O;j<N;j++)printf1％5d〃,array[i][j]);printf;}convert(array);printf(z，convertarray:\nzz);for(i=0;iくN;i++)(for(j=0；j<N;j++)printf("%5d”,array[i][j]);printf("\n");)return0;voidconvert(intarray[][3]){inti,j,t;for(i二〇;iくN;i++)for(j=i+1;jくN;j++){t=array[i][j];array[i][j]=array[j][i];array[j][i]=t;}}ttinclude<stdio.h>^include<string.h>intmain(){voidinverse(charstr[]);charstr[100];printfCinputstring:z，);scanfstr);inverse(str);printfCinversestring:%s\n”,str);return0;}voidinverse(charstr[])(chart;inti,j;for(i=0,j=strlen(str);i<(strlen(str)/2);i++,j--){t=str[i];str[i]=str[j-l];str[j-l]=t;7-6#include<stdio.h>intmainO{voidconcatenate(charstringl[],charstring2[],charstring口)；charsl[100],s2[100],s[100];printfCinputstringl:");scanf("%s",si);printf("inputstring2:");scanf(*%s",s2);concatenate(si,s2,s);printf("\nThenewstringis%s\n",s);return0;}voidconcatenate(charstringl[],charstring2[],charstring[]){inti,j;for(i二〇;stringl[i]!二‘、〇';i++)string[i]=stringl[i];for(j=0;string2[j]!=\0';j++)string[i+j]=string2[j];string[i+j]=,、0';}7-7#include<stdio.h>intmainO{voidcpy(char[],char口)；charstr[80],c[80];printf(inputstring:*);gets(str);cpy(str,c);printf(zzThevowellettersare:%s\n,c);return0;}voidcpy(chars[],charc[]){inti,j;for(i=。,j二〇;s[i]!二‘、0';i++)if(s[i]=='a'I|s[i]=='A'|s[i]=='e'|s[i]='E'||s[i]=='i'|s[i]==I'I|s[i]='o'I|s[i]==0'I|s[i]=-u'||s[i]=='U'){c[j]=s[i];j++；}c[ホ‘、。';)7-8^include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>intmainO{charstr[80];voidinsert(char口)；printf(''inputfourdigits:/z);scanfi'%s”,str);insert(str);return0;}voidinsert(charstr[]){inti;for(i=strlen(str);i>0;i--){str[2*i]=str[i];str[2*i-l]='；}printf("output:\n%s\n”,str);}7-9ftinclude<stdio.h>intletter,digit,space,others;intmain()(voidcount(charロ)；chartext[80];printf("inputstring:\n");gets(text);printf("string:");puts(text);letter=O;digit=O;space=O;othersニ〇;count(text);printf〈、nletter:%d\ndigit:%d\nspace:%d\nothers:%d\n”,letter,digit,space,others);return0;}voidcount(charstrロ){inti;for(i=0;str[i]!=,\0*;i++)if((str[i]>='a'&&str[i]<=，z*)||(str[i]>=，A*&&str[i]く='Z'))letter++;elseif(str[i]>二’〇’&&str9')digit++;elseif(str[i]==32)space++;elseothers++;)7-10#include<stdio.h>#include<string.h>intmainO(intalphabetic(char);intlong