中考-现在完成时

中考-现在完成时中考-现在完成时中考-现在完成时V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考中考-现在完成时日期：20xx年X月概念表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；常与一些时间状语如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等连用.Ihavejusthadmybreakfastalready.(暗示我现在不饿了)Ihavealreadyfinishedmyreading.2）表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去；常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间状语连用.如for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,inthelasttenyears等,谓语只可用延续性动词.HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去结构have/has+done（过去分词）①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+其他成分.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)+其他成分.③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)+其他成分.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）Ihavecleanedmybedroom.Ihaven'tcleanedmybedroom.Haveyoucleanedyourbedroom?Wherehaveyoucleaned?过去分词变化规则规则动词(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live---lived---lived(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ed”。study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped2.不规则动词（附表）

用法过去的动作对现在还造成影响Ihavespentallofmymoney.(现在我没有钱花了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(现在仍然很虚弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(现在已在此地)Heisnotfeelingwellnow.Hehascaughtacold.Ihavelostthekey.Ican'tgointomyroom.注意时间状语的区别already:多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.yet:用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。HaveyoueverfoundyourbookyetIhaven'thadbreakfastyet.ever:多用于疑问句，问初次经历。HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?never:用于否定句，位于have/has后Hehasneverarguedwithotherpeople.just:多用于陈述句，位于have/has后Lucyhasjustwashedherclothes.before:可用于各句式，位于句尾Ihavereadthisbookbefore.Hehasn'tbeenabroadbefore.HaveyouflowntoHainanbefore?Moreexamples:Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(一般问句，并作肯定、否定回答)HashefinishedhishomeworkyetYes,hehas./No,hehasn'tIhaveneverbeentoBeijingbefore.(一般问句)HaveyoueverbeentoBeijingbefore?Practice:1.Theyhaveboughtacomputer.(改成否定句)_______________________________________2.Hehaslosthisbook.(改成一般疑问句,做否定回答)

_________________________________________

3.Mandyhasalreadyhadbooks.(划线提问)

_______________Mandy________

4.Myfatherhasalreadygonehome.Myfather_________________home_____.(否定)

_______yourfather______home_______

(一般疑问)

5.Hehasbeentheretwice.(划线提问)

______________________________hebeenthere

表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去。HehaslearntEnglishsince1998.从1998年开始学的，到现在还在继续学注意时间状语for+一段时间

e.g.Wehavelivedinthiscityfortenyears.since+过去点时间since+一段时间+agosince+从句（从句用一般过去式）e.g.Hehasworkedheresince1990.Shehastaughtinthisschoolsincetwoyearsago.Wehaveknowneachothersincewemet.sofar（到目前为止）,once/twice/threetimes,allone'slifee.g.Theyhavelearnt2000wordssofar.Tomhasseenthefilmtwice.Hhepast+一段时间

duringthelast+一段时间

Theyhavebuiltmanyhighbuildinginthepastthreeyears.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownduringthelasttwoyears.Practice:用“for’’or“since”填空1.UncleWanghasworkedonthefarm______threedays.2.Ihavestayedathome_____aday.3.TheyhavelivedinGuiLin_______twoyearsago.4.Shehasknownthisman____tenyears.5.Hehasstudiedhere________lastmonth.6.Wehavebeenhere_______threeo’clock.7.Ihaven’tseenmygrandpa_______1989.8.TheboyhaslearnedEnglish_______hewasfive.难点解析have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeenin的区别have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来.侧重指经历。HehasbeentoBeijing(twice).他曾去过北京(两次).have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上,反正不在这里。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了.（现在不在这）have/hasbeen(in)表示“来/去某地(多长时间)”,现在仍在那儿，强调状态。HehasbeeninBeijingforthreeweeks.他已经在北京三个周了。Practice用have(has)beento,have(has)beenin,have(has)been或have(has)goneto填空。1.WhereisJimHe__________Wuhan.2.Myparents__________theGreatWalltwice.Theylikethereverymuch.3.Howlong_______Peter_______theWestHillfarm?4.Mysister____________theshop.Shewillbebackintwohours.5._____youever________America--Yes,I_________theremanytimes.现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词（短暂动词瞬间动词）英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的.终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等表示的是短暂的意义，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续.所以它的现在完成时表示一段时间的状语连用,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:

⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.

eg.我弟弟参军两年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

⑵若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在howlong句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:1.havearrivedat/insw.gotto/e/gone/movedtosw.→havebeeninsw./at…相应的介词2.havecome/goneback/returned→havebeenback3.havecome/goneout→havebeenout4.havebecome→havebeen5.haveclosed/opened→havebeenclosed/opened6.havegotup→havebeenup；7.havedied→havebeendead；8.haveleftsw.→havebeenaway(from)sw.9.havefallenasleep/gottosleep→havebeenasleep；10.havefinished/ended/completed→havebeenover；11.havemarried→havebeenmarried；12.havestarted/beguntodosth.→havedonesth.；13.havebegun→havebeenon14.haveborrowed/bought→havekept/had15.havelost→haven’thad16.haveputon→haveworn17.havecaught/getacold→havehadacold；18.havegottoknow→haveknown19.have/hasgoneto→havebeenin20.havejoined/havetakenpartintheleague/theParty/thearmy→havebeenamemberof/havebeenin/havebeentheParty’smember/theleaguemember/thesoldier…例：吉姆买了这只钢笔两年了。buy----have1.Jimhashadthispenfortwoyears.2.Jimhashadthispensincetwoyearsago.3.Jimhashadthispensince2003.4.ItistwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.5.IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimboughtthispen.6.Jimboughtthispentwoyearsago.PracticeHedied10yearsago.He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.He________a____forayear.He____________thearmyforayear.It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.现在完成时和一般过去时比较1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：①A:Haveyouseenthefilm

B:Didyouseethefilm

分析：你看过这部电影吗（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。②A:Howhashedoneit

B:Howdidhedoit

分析：他是怎么做的这件事（A）句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（B）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。Ihavewashedthecar.我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）Iwashedthecaramomentago.我刚才洗过车了。Shehaswateredtheflowers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）Shewateredtheflowersyesterday.她昨天浇的花。IhavewrittentheletterbutIhaven'tpostedityet.信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。IwrotetheletterlastweekandIposteditthreedaysago.我上周写的那封信，3天前寄出的。2.时间状语不同：一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastweek,twoyearsago,justnow,in2002等；而现在完成时则常just,already,ever,never等副词和thesedays,thisweek,since......,for......等表示一段时间的状语连用。3.现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。A:HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.B:HelivedinBeijingfor8years.分析：他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（B）句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在已经不在北京了。Ithasrainedforfivehours.Itrainedforfivehoursyesterday.Hehaswaitedforherfortwohours.Hewaitedforhertwohours.Ihavereviewedtwolessonsthismorning.Ireviewedtwolessonsthismorning.Practice4.Alice__D___forhalfamonth.She’llcomehackintwomonths.A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway5.TheSmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they_C_thereforthreeyearssincethen.A.liveB.livedC.havelivedD.willlive—HaveyoueverbeentoNanning

—Yes,__D_____.A.Iwas B.Ido C.Iam D.Ihave7.ICmyhomework,IguessIcan'tjoinyou.A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinish1.—Dad,I____B____thestationforminutes,butnobodycametomeetme.—Don’tworry.I’llgotomeetyousoon.A.arrivedat