2021年全国各地中考语文试题分类精练：文言文阅读

2021/r/n年/r/n全国/r/n各地/r/n中/r/n考/r/n题/r/n分类/r/n汇编/r/n之

文言文/r/n阅读/r/n【安徽省】/r/n（16/r/n分）/r/n［甲］/r/n自/r/n三:/r/n峡七百里中两岸连山,略无/r/n阙处/r/n。/r/n重岩叠/r/n峰,/r/n隐天蔽日,/r/n自非亭午/r/n夜分,/r/n不见曦月/r/n。/r/n至/r/n于/r/n夏水/r/n襄陵,沿/r/n溯/r/n阻绝。/r/n或/r/n王命急/r/n宣,有/r/n时朝发白帝,暮/r/n到/r/n江陵,/r/n其/r/n间/r/n千二/r/n百里，虽乘奔御风/r/n,不以/r/n疾也。/r/n（节/r/n选自郦道元/r/n（三峡?）/r/n［乙］/r/n二十/r/n六日，发大溪口,入瞿塘峡。/r/n两壁对耸,上入霄汉,其/r/n平/r/n如削成/r/n。/r/n仰视/r/n天，如匹练/r/n然。/r/n水/r/n已落,/r/n峡/r/n中平/r/n如/r/n油/r/n盎/r/n①"。过圣姥泉,盖石上/r/n一/r/n罅②。/r/n人/r/n大呼/r/n于/r/n旁那么泉/r/n出，/r/n屡呼那么屡出/r/n。/r/n晚至/r/n瞿塘/r/n关,/r/n唐故夔/r/n州,与/r/n白/r/n帝城相连。/r/n关西门/r/n正对瀬瀬堆③。/r/n堆,/r/n碎石积/r/n成，出水/r/n数十/r/n丈。土人云:'’/r/n方/r/n夏秋水涨/r/n时,/r/n水又/r/n髙于/r/n堆数十丈。/r/n"/r/n（节选自陆/r/n游?/r/n入蜀记?）/r/n［注］①油盎:油瓶。/r/n②/r/n罅:裂缝。③灘瀬堆:在/r/n瞿塘/r/n峡口,是/r/n江/r/n心/r/n突出/r/n的巨石。/r/n.请解释以下加点词在文中的意思。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n追/r/n溯阻绝 /r/n（2）/r/n不以/r/n疾/r/n也/r/n（3）/r/n发大溪/r/n口 /r/n（4）/r/n仰视/r/n天，/r/n如/r/n匹练然/r/n./r/n请把下面的/r/n句/r/n子/r/n翻译成现/r/n代汉语。/r/n（6/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n自非亭午/r/n夜分,不/r/n见曦月/r/n。 /r/n（2）/r/n人/r/n大呼/r/n于/r/n旁/r/n那么泉出,/r/n屡呼那么屡出。/r/n.［乙］文段写/r/n出/r/n了江水/r/n相/r/n对于洗瀬/r/n堆在/r/n不同季节/r/n水位/r/n的上下变/r/n化:/r/n作者到瞿塘/r/n关/r/n时,/r/n!/r/n等/r/n到/r/n夏秋水涨/r/n时,/r/n./r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n.［甲］［乙］/r/n两个/r/n文段/r/n都描写了三峡的山,画线并加/r/n色/r/n句/r/n子分/r/n别/r/n突出/r/n了山怎样的特/r/n点?/r/n请简要/r/n分析。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n顺流而下/r/n（2）/r/n迅速,快/r/n（3）/r/n出发/r/n（4）/r/n好似/r/n……/r/n的样子/r/n（1）/r/n如果不是在正午，就看不到太阳:如果不是在半夜,就看不到月亮。/r/n（2）/r/n有人在圣姥泉旁大声喊叫，就会有泉水流出,（人们）屡次喊叫（泉水）就会屡次流出。/r/n15,/r/n江水低于瀰涌堆（数十丈） 江水高于海涌堆（数十丈）/r/n16/r/n.甲文画线句子突出了山绵延的特点,从文中所描写的两岸群山连绵数百里、没有缺口可以看出。乙文画线句子突出了山高峻的特点,从文中所描写的两岸悬崖峭壁耸人云霄可以看出。/r/n【北京市】/r/n（三）阅读两篇/r/n短文,完成/r/n10-12/r/n题。（共/r/n8/r/n分）/r/n孙权劝学/r/n?资治通/r/n鉴?/r/n初,/r/n权谓吕/r/n蒙日:“/r/n卿/r/n今/r/n当涂/r/n学/r/n事，不可不学!”/r/n蒙辞以军中多务。/r/n权/r/n日:/r/n“/r/n孤/r/n岂欲卿/r/n治经为博士邪!/r/n但当涉猎，/r/n见/r/n往事耳/r/n。卿言/r/n多务,/r/n孰假设孤?孤/r/n常/r/n读书,自/r/n以/r/n为大有所益。"蒙/r/n乃始/r/n就学。/r/n及鲁/r/n肃过寻阳,与蒙/r/n论议,/r/n大惊日:/r/n“卿/r/n今/r/n者才略，非复吴下阿蒙！"蒙日：“土别三日，即/r/n更/r/n刮目相待，/r/n大兄/r/n何见/r/n事之晚乎/r/n!"/r/n肃遂拜蒙/r/n母,/r/n结友而别。/r/n诫子书/r/n诸葛亮/r/n夫君子之行,/r/n静以修身,/r/n俭以养德。非/r/n淡泊/r/n无以明志,非宁静无/r/n以/r/n致远。夫学须静也,才须学也,/r/n非学/r/n无/r/n以/r/n广/r/nオ,非志/r/n无/r/n以成学/r/n。/r/n淫/r/n慢那么/r/n不能励精，/r/n险/r/n躁那么不能治性。年与时驰，意与日/r/n去，/r/n遂/r/n成枯落，/r/n多不接世，悲守穷庐,将复何/r/n及!/r/n./r/n以下选项中加点字的意思都相同的ー项为哪ー项/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n旗学/r/n一蹴/r/n而秋:/r/n旗事论事/r/n功成名胡/r/n別/r/n别来无恙/r/n久則重逢/r/n依依惜別/r/n窜远/r/n勤劳装富/r/n闲情逸然/r/n学以筑/r/n用/r/n去/r/n去国怀乡/r/n相去甚远/r/n去粗取精/r/n./r/n以下对文中/r/n画/r/n线句的翻译和/r/n理解，/r/n全都/r/n正确/r/n的ー项为/r/n哪ー项/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n但当/r/n涉猎，/r/n见往事耳。/r/n翻译:只是应当广/r/n泛地/r/n阅读,/r/n了解/r/nー/r/n些历史事件。/r/n理解:/r/n孙权认为吕蒙阅读面窄，建议他在学习经学之外，/r/n还要/r/n学点历史。/r/n【乙】/r/n大兄/r/n何见/r/n事之晚乎!/r/n翻译:兄长怎么/r/n这么晚/r/n才知/r/n道/r/n这件事/r/n呢!/r/n理解:/r/n鲁肃很/r/n晩/r/n才知/r/n道/r/n吕蒙有/r/n管理/r/nオ/r/n干，吕蒙对/r/n此/r/n感到很失望。/r/n【丙】/r/n非学无/r/n以广/r/n才,/r/n非志无/r/n以成学。/r/n翻译:不学习就无法增长オ/r/n干，不定/r/n下/r/n志向就无/r/n法学/r/n有/r/n所成。/r/n理解："才"/r/n"学"/r/n"志"/r/n关系紧/r/n密，''才"要依靠学习来增长,/r/n而/r/n学习的效果那么与/r/n“志”/r/n有/r/n关。/r/n.根据两篇短文及下面/r/n两那么材料，/r/n在后/r/n面/r/n语段中的/r/n横线上填/r/n写恰当的内容。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n材料/r/nー/r/n初，/r/n遇①/r/n善治?老子?。/r/n人/r/n有从学者,/r/n遇/r/n不肯教，而/r/n云“/r/n必/r/n领先读/r/n百遍"。从学者/r/n云：''/r/n苦渴无/r/n日。"/r/n遇言：“当以三余。"或问三余之意,遇/r/n言:“/r/n冬者岁之/r/n余,/r/n夜者/r/n日/r/n之余,阴雨者时之余也。"/r/n（取材于?/r/n三国志/r/n•/r/n魏志/r/n・/r/n王肃传?裴松之注）/r/n材料/r/n二/r/n予/r/n少时读书,/r/nー见辄/r/n能诵，虽有强记之/r/nカ,/r/n而/r/n常废于不/r/n勤。/r/n比/r/n数年来,颇发愤自/r/n惩艾②/r/n,悔/r/n前/r/n所为，而聪明衰耗，殆不/r/n如囊时③/r/n十ー/r/nニ。/r/n故虽然/r/n有/r/n勤苦/r/n之劳，而/r/n常/r/n废于善忘。/r/n（取材于秦观?/r/n〈精骑集〉/r/n序?）/r/n注：①/r/n［遇］/r/n指董遇，东汉学者。/r/n②［惩/r/n艾］/r/n惩/r/n治，/r/n惩/r/n戒。/r/n③［囊/r/n时］从/r/n前。/r/n学习过程中总会遇到/r/nー/r/n些/r/n障碍，如吕蒙所提''/r/n—/r/n①/r/n—/r/n"/r/n,/r/n跟/r/n随/r/n董遇学习的人所说/r/n②/r/n_"/r/n,/r/n都认为自己没有/r/n足/r/n够的时/r/n间/r/n来学/r/n习,/r/n这需要人们立志勤学来解决。而诸葛亮告诫儿子要警惕/r/n“年/r/n与时驰，意与/r/n日/r/n去"，/r/n秦观“悔/r/n前/r/n所为,而聪明衰耗,殆/r/n不/r/n如囊时/r/n十一/r/n二"的经历,/r/n那/r/n么进ー步提醒人们/r/nー/r/n③/r/nー/r/n。/r/n（三）（共/r/n8/r/n分）/r/n.答案:丙/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n./r/n答案例如:/r/n①军中多务②苦渴无日③趁青春年少抓紧时间学习（共/r/n4/r/n分。第①②空,各/r/n1/r/n分;第③空,/r/n2/r/n分）/r/n【福建省】/r/n（二）/r/n阅读下面的/r/n文言文,/r/n完成/r/n5/r/n〜/r/n8/r/n题/r/n（16/r/n分）/r/n王连,字文仪,南阳/r/n人/r/n也。刘璋时入蜀,为梓潼/r/n令,/r/n先主/r/n起事葭萌进军来南连闭城不降/r/n先主/r/n义之,/r/n不强逼也。/r/n及/r/n成都既/r/n平,/r/n以连为什邠令/r/n,/r/n转在广/r/n都,/r/n所居有绩。迁司盐/r/n校尉,/r/n较盐铁之利,/r/n利/r/n入/r/n甚/r/n多,/r/n有裨国/r/n用/r/n。/r/n于是用/r/n取/r/n良/r/nオ以为官/r/n属,假设吕/r/n乂、杜/r/n祺等,终皆至大/r/n官,/r/n自连所拔也。迁蜀郡太守、/r/n兴业/r/n将军,领/r/n“,/r/n盐府如故•时南.诸郡/r/n不/r/n宾②,诸葛亮将自征之,连/r/n谏以为/r/n“此/r/n不毛之/r/n地，疫疡/r/n之乡,不亶/r/n以一国之望，冒险而行”。亮虑诸将才/r/n不及己，/r/n意欲必往,而连言辄恳/r/n至,/r/n故停留者/r/n久之。/r/n含连卒。/r/n子/r/n山嗣，官至江阳太守。/r/n（节选自?三国志?）/r/n［注］①领：/r/n地位/r/n较高的/r/n官/r/n员兼理较低的职务。/r/n②宾：/r/n顺服,归顺。/r/n.解释以下加点词语的意思。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/nTOC\o"1-5"\h\z/r/n（1）/r/n于/r/n是/r/n简取良/r/nオ以/r/n为官属 简:/r/n（2）/r/n不写以/r/n一国/r/n之/r/n望 宜:/r/n（3）/r/n命/r/n在卒 /r/n会:/r/n.以下对文中画波浪/r/n线/r/n局部的断/r/n句，/r/n正确的ー项为哪ー项/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n.把文中画横线的句/r/n子翻/r/n译成现/r/n代/r/n汉语。/r/n（6/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n及成都既/r/n平,/r/n以连为什那令。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n（2）/r/n利人甚多，有裨国用。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n.诸君亮为什么要亲自征讨南方诸郡?之后,南征行动为什么’‘停留者久之"/r/n?/r/n请结合链接材料简要分析。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n【链接材料】/r/n受命/r/n以来,/r/n夙夜忧叹,恐托/r/n付/r/n不/r/n效，/r/n以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸,深/r/n入/r/n不毛。（?出师表?）/r/n（二）/r/n（16/r/n分）/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n选拔/r/n（2）/r/n应当/r/n（3）/r/n适逢/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/nB/r/n（6/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n等到成都平定后，（先主）任命王连做什那县令。/r/n（2）/r/n利税收入很多,有助于弥补国家的财政需用。/r/n

/r/n第一/r/n问:/r/n①南方诸郡不服。②认为其他将领的才能/r/n不/r/n如自己。③不辜负先帝托付。/r/n第二/r/n问:/r/n诸葛亮接受王连劝谏/r/n【甘肃武威】/r/n阅读下面文段,完成题目。/r/n记/r/n承天/r/n寺/r/n夜/r/n游/r/n苏轼/r/n元丰/r/n六年/r/n十月十二/r/n日夜,解衣/r/n欲睡,月色/r/n入户,/r/n欣然起行。念无/r/n与为乐/r/n者,遂至承天/r/n寺/r/n寻张怀民。怀民亦/r/n未/r/n寝,/r/n相/r/n与步于中庭。庭下/r/n如/r/n积水空明，水中藻、/r/n存交横，盖/r/n竹柏影也。何夜无/r/n月?/r/n何处无竹柏?但少闲人如吾两/r/n人/r/n者耳。/r/n龙井①题名记/r/n秦观/r/n元丰/r/n二/r/n年，中秋/r/n后一日，余自/r/n吴兴来/r/n杭,东还会稽。龙井有辨オ②大师，/r/n以/r/n书邀余入山。比/r/n出/r/n郭,日/r/n已タ,航湖至/r/n普宁,遇/r/n道人参/r/n寥，问龙井所遣篮/r/n舆③,/r/n那么/r/n曰:“以不/r/n时/r/n至，/r/n去矣。"/r/n是/r/nタ，天/r/n宇开霁/r/n咒林/r/n间月明，可/r/n数/r/n毫发。遂弃舟，/r/n从/r/n参寥/r/n策杖并/r/n湖而行。出雷峰,度南屏。濯/r/n足/r/n于惠因涧,/r/n入灵/r/n石坞,得/r/n支/r/n径上风篁岭，憩/r/n于龙井亭，/r/n酌泉据石而饮之。/r/n自/r/n普宁凡经佛寺十五,皆寂不闻/r/n人声。/r/n道旁庐/r/n舍，/r/n灯火隐显，草木深郁,流水激激悲鸣,殆/r/n非人/r/n间/r/n之/r/n境。/r/n行二/r/n鼓，/r/n始/r/n至寿圣/r/n院,/r/n谒辨オ于朝音/r/n堂,/r/n明日乃还。/r/n(选/r/n自张岱?西湖/r/n梦/r/n寻?)/r/n【注释】/r/n①龙/r/n井:/r/n在/r/n今/r/n浙江杭州市西风篁岭上,原指山泉。②辨/r/nオ:/r/n法号元静，和/r/n下文/r/n的参寥,也是苏轼的朋友。③篮舆：竹轿。④霁：雨过/r/n天晴。/r/n./r/n解释以下/r/n加点/r/n词。/r/n(1)/r/n@/r/n无与/r/n为乐者/r/n(2)/r/n但/r/n少闲人如吾两人/r/n者耳/r/n(3)/r/nヒ匕出/r/n郭/r/n(4)/r/n以/r/n不时/r/n至，去矣/r/n./r/n以下加点词的意/r/n义/r/n和用法相同的ー项为哪一项/r/n(/r/n)/r/nA,/r/n念无与为乐有/r/nA,/r/n念无与为乐有/r/nB./r/n相与步于/r/n中庭/r/nC./r/n以书邀余入山/r/nD./r/n从参/r/n寥/r/n策杖/r/n并/r/n湖加行/r/n刻唐贤/r/n今人/r/n诗赋于/r/n其/r/n上/r/n(?/r/n岳阳/r/n楼/r/n记?)/r/n以其/r/n境过清(?/r/n小石/r/n潭记?)/r/n由/r/n是那/r/n么生卽/r/n有/r/n不用也/r/n(?/r/n孟子/r/n•鱼我/r/n所/r/n欲/r/n也?)/r/n./r/n用现代汉语翻译以下句子。/r/n(1)/r/n庭下如积水空明,水中藻、存交横，盖竹柏影也。/r/n(2)/r/n是/r/nタ，/r/n天宇开霁，/r/n林/r/n间月明，/r/n可数/r/n毫发。/r/n./r/n两文都写到了月夜美景，/r/n但/r/n要表达的情感不一致，请你简要分析。/r/n【答案】/r/n16./r/n（1）/r/n考虑,想到。/r/n（2）/r/n只是。/r/n（3）/r/n等到。/r/n（4）/r/n离开。 /r/n17.B/r/n（1）/r/n庭院中的月光宛如积水那样清澈透明,水藻、水草纵横交错,原来是庭院里的竹子/r/n和/r/n松柏的影子。/r/n（2）/r/n这天晚上,/r/n雨/r/n后的天空格外晴朗,树林间月光很明亮,（甚至连）头发都能数清。/r/n?记承天寺夜游?表达的感情是微妙而复杂的，贬谪的悲凉，人生的感慨,赏月的欣喜，漫步的悠闲都包含其中。（文章表达苏轼壮志难酬的苦闷，同时表现旷达乐观的人生态度。）?龙井题名记?表达作者对此地美景的喜爱之情,抒写内心的欢愉。/r/n【广东深圳】/r/n（三）/r/n文言文阅读。/r/n阅读下面选文,完成/r/n7~10/r/n题/r/n【甲】/r/n初，权谓目蒙/r/n曰:‘‘/r/n卿今当涂掌事,不可不学!"蒙辞以军中多务。权曰孤岂欲卿治经 为博士邪!但当涉猎，见往/r/n事耳。卿言多务，孰假设孤?孤常读书自/r/n以/r/n为大有所益。"蒙乃始 就学。及鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论议,大惊曰:“卿今者/r/n方略,非复吴下阿蒙!’‘蒙曰："士别更刮目相待,大兄何见事之晚/r/n乎！/r/n肃遂拜蒙母,结友而别。/r/n选自?资治通鉴•孙权劝学?/r/n【乙】/r/n初,权谓蒙及/r/n蒋钦/r/n❶/r/n/r/n曰：“卿今并当涂掌事,宜学问以自开益。"蒙曰：“在军中常苦多务,恐/r/n不/r/n容复读书。“权曰：“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪?但当今涉猎见往事耳。卿言多务, 孰假幽/r/nK?/r/n孤如切?辭/r/n书话/r/nヒ己?左传??国谱惟［谈易?。至/r/n❷/r/n,诸家兵书，自/r/n以/r/n为大有所益。如卿二人,意性朗悟，学/r/n必/r/n得之，宁当不为/r/n乎?/r/n宜急读?孙子??/r/n六/r/n韬??左传??国语?及三史。孔子言'终日不食、终夜不寝以/r/n思，/r/n无益，不如学也。 /r/n）3/r/n❸/r/n/r/n当兵马之务，手不释卷。/r/n孟德/r/n❹/r/n/r/n亦自谓老而好学。/r/n卿何独不自/r/n勉勖/r/n❺/r/n邪?/r/n”/r/n蒙始就学,笃志不倦,其所览见，旧儒不胜。后鲁肃上代周瑜，过蒙言议，陈三策。肃拊蒙背日:“/r/n吾谓大弟但有武略耳至于今者学识英博非复吴下阿蒙/r/n。/r/n"/r/n选自?三国志/r/n・/r/n吕蒙传/r/n•表/r/n传?/r/n【主释】?/r/n六韬??三略?是中国古代重要的军事著作。后泛指兵书、兵法，是反映中国古代军事思想的代表作/r/n7/r/n以下选项中,加点词解释系相同的ー项/r/n0/r/nA/r/n蒙辞以军中多务停数日,辞去/r/nB/r/n见/r/n往事耳オ美不外见/r/nC/r/n省三史吾日三/r/n省吾/r/n身/r/nD/r/n宜/r/n乎众矣/r/n宜/r/n急读?/r/n孙/r/n子?六韬?左传?国语?及三史/r/n【答案】/r/nD/r/n【考点】/r/n文言文实词理解/r/n【解析】/r/nA/r/n辞：推辞、推托/辞别。/r/nB./r/n见：了解/同“现"/r/n，/r/n出现、显现。/r/nC/r/n知道，了解/自我检查,反省。/r/nD./r/n都为"应当"之意。/r/n因此/r/nD/r/n项为正确答案。/r/n8/r/n文中划波浪线的句子断句正确的ー项的是/r/n（）/r/nA./r/n吾谓大弟但/r/n有/r/n武略/耳至于今者/学识英博/非复吴下阿蒙/r/nB./r/n吾谓大弟但/r/n有/r/n武略耳/至于今者/学识英博/非复吴下阿蒙/r/nC./r/n吾谓大弟但/r/n有/r/n武略耳/至于今者/学识英博非复/吴下阿蒙/r/nD./r/n吾谓大弟但/r/n有/r/n武略/耳至于今者/学识英博非复/吴下阿蒙/r/n【答案】/r/nB/r/n【考点】/r/n文言文断句/r/n【解析】/r/n此句翻译：我以前说老弟是一介武夫,只有勇力，但是到了现在，学识也如此渊博 已经不是以前吴的阿蒙啦。/r/n9/r/n请将以下句子翻译成现代汉语/r/n①卿今当涂学事，不可不学！/r/n【答案】/r/n你现在当权管事务,不可以不学/r/n习！/r/n②蒙始就学,笃志不倦/r/n【答案】/r/n吕蒙于是就开始学习,坚决志向，不知疲倦。/r/n【考点】/r/n文言文重点句子翻译/r/n10./r/n吕蒙为什么能为鲁肃“陈三策"?请结合乙文答复。/r/n【答案】/r/n因为吕蒙通过学习,专心致意，坚决志向，博览群书，不知疲倦，他所看的书,连 老儒生都/r/n比不/r/n了。因此/r/n吕蒙能为鲁肃“陈三/r/n【广东省】/r/n（一）/r/n阅读/r/n下面/r/n的文字,完成/r/n7/r/n〜/r/n11/r/n题/r/n（19/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n十年春,齐师伐我。公将战,曹刿请见。/r/n其乡/r/n人日:“肉食者谋/r/n之,/r/n又何间焉?"刿日:“肉食者鄙未能远某"/r/n取/r/n见/r/n问‘何/r/n以战?/r/n"/r/n公日:‘衣食所安，弗敢专也，必以分人。"/r/n对/r/n日：’/r/n勿遮未/r/n遍/r/n民弗从/r/n也/r/nノ/r/n’/r/n公/r/n日:“牺牲玉帛,弗敢/r/n加/r/n也,必以/r/n信。/r/n”/r/n对/r/n日:“小/r/n信/r/n未孚,神弗福也。/r/n"/r/n公/r/n日:“/r/n小大之狱,虽不能察,/r/n必以/r/n情。/r/n"/r/n对/r/n日：“忠遲也。可以/r/nー/r/n战。战那么请从。"/r/n公与之乘,战于长勺。公将/r/n鼓/r/n之。刿日：“未/r/n可。"/r/n齐人三鼓。/r/n刿/r/n日：“/r/n可/r/n矣。”齐师败绩。/r/n公将/r/n巽/r/nS/r/n。 刿日：/r/n“未/r/n可。"下视其辙，登轼而望之,日：“可矣。"遂逐齐师。/r/n既/r/n克,公问其/r/n故。/r/n对日：“夫战，勇气/r/n也。一鼓/r/n作/r/n气，再/r/n而/r/n衰,/r/n三两/r/n竭。/r/n彼竭/r/n我/r/n盈,故克之/r/n。夫大国,难测也，惧有傳。吾视其辙乱，望/r/n其/r/n旗靡，故逐之。"/r/n?酬论!胡）/r/n./r/n解释文中加点词语的/r/n意思。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n肉食者/r/n鄙/r/n（2）/r/n忠之!/r/n他 /r/n（3）/r/n公将岁次/r/n（4）/r/n惧有備/r/n./r/n把文中/r/n画/r/n线的句/r/n子翻/r/n译成现/r/n代/r/n汉语。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/nリ）/r/n小惠/r/n未/r/n遍，民弗从/r/n也。/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n（2）/r/n彼竭我/r/n盈,/r/n故克之。/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n7/r/n【答案】/r/n（1）/r/n浅陋,这里指目光短/r/n浅/r/n（2）/r/n类/r/n（3）/r/n驱车追赶/r/n（4）/r/n埋伏/r/n8/r/n【答案】/r/n（1）/r/n小恩/r/n小惠不能普及（百姓），百姓是/r/n不会/r/n听从您的。/r/n（2）/r/n敌方的士气已经枯竭，而我方士气正旺盛，所以能战胜他们。/r/n【乙】/r/n诸军初/r/n鉅头，/r/n即/r/n欲决战，/r/n陶侃/r/n日：“賊/r/n众魂，难与争锋,当以岁月，智计破之。"既而屡战无功,/r/n监军部将/r/n李根请筑白石垒,/r/n侃/r/n解,/r/n夜筑垒至晓/r/n而/r/n成/r/n闻峻军严声诸将咸惧其来攻/r/n。孑盅日：“不然/r/n峻/r/n攻垒,必须/r/n东北风急,令我水军不得/r/n往/r/n救:/r/n今天清/r/n静,/r/n贼必不来。所以严者,必遣/r/n军出江/r/n乘,掠京口以东矣。"/r/n已而/r/n果然。 侃/r/n使庚/r/n亮以/r/n二千/r/n人/r/n守白石,峻帅步骑/r/n万余/r/n四面攻之,不/r/n克。（节选/r/n自?资治通/r/n鉴?）/r/n./r/n以下各项中加点词语意思相同的ー项为哪/r/nー项/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/nA,/r/n诸军初知/r/n头/鋼/r/n上/r/n及棘门军 /r/nB./r/n贼众雄/范百里/r/nC./r/n侃/r/n忠/隶而那 /r/nD./r/n臓/r/n攻垒/仿/r/n佛痴/r/n.光/r/n.请用/r/n“/"/r/n给文中画线的句子断句。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n夜/r/n筑垒至晓而/r/n成/r/n闻峻军/r/n严声诸/r/n将/r/n咸惧其来攻/r/n./r/n请根据/r/n【甲】/r/n【乙】/r/n两篇选文答复以下问题。/r/n（5/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n曹刿与陶侃在指挥作战方面有哪些共同点?/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n（2）/r/n李根和孔坦在战事中各自发挥了什么作用?/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n9/r/n【答案】/r/nA./r/n10/r/n【答案】/r/n夜/r/n筑垒/至晓而/r/n成//r/n闻峻军严声/诸将咸惧其/r/n来攻/r/n11/r/n【答案】/r/n（1）/r/n①有卓越的军事识见,谋虑周密，采用正确的战略/r/n战/r/n术;/r/n②谨慎而果断，能够/r/n认识到/r/n士/r/n气/r/n在作战

/r/n中的重要作用,从而抓住有利的作战时机。/r/n（2）/r/n①李根:主张修筑白石垒,加强防御工事;②孔坦:明断战情,安定军心,指明作战方向。/r/n【广/r/n西贵/r/n港】/r/n（一）文言文阅读/r/n（9/r/n〜/r/n14/r/n小题,/r/n16/r/n分）/r/n岳阳楼记（节选）/r/n①予观夫巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤,横无际涯,朝晖タ阴，气/r/n象/r/n万千。此那么岳阳/r/n楼/r/n之大观也,前人/r/n之述备/r/n矣。然那么北通巫峡，南极潇湘,迁客骚/r/n人，/r/n多会/r/n于/r/n此，览物之情,得无异乎?/r/n②假设夫/r/n淫雨/r/n霏霏,连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空，日星隐曜,山岳潜形，商旅不/r/n行，/r/n檣倾楫摧,薄暮冥/r/n冥，/r/n虎啸猿啼。登斯/r/n楼/r/n也,/r/n那/r/n么有去国/r/n怀乡，/r/n忧谗畏讥,满目萧然,感极而悲者矣。/r/n③至假设春和景明，波澜不惊,上下天光，一碧万顷,沙鸥翔集,锦鳞游泳,岸芷汀兰,郁郁青青。而或长烟/r/nー空,/r/n皓月千里，浮光跃金,静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何/r/n极!/r/n登斯楼也，那么/r/n有心/r/n旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风,/r/n其/r/n喜洋/r/n洋/r/n者矣。/r/n④嗟/r/n夫!予/r/n尝求古仁人之/r/n心，/r/n或异二者/r/n之为，/r/n何哉?/r/n不/r/n以/r/n物/r/n喜,不以己悲,居庙堂之高那么忧其民，/r/n处/r/n江湖之远那么忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然那么何时而乐耶?其必/r/n日’‘/r/n先天下之忧而忧,后天下/r/n之乐/r/n而乐"乎！噫！微斯/r/n人，/r/n吾谁/r/n与归?/r/n时/r/n六/r/n年九月十五日。/r/n生于忧患,死于安乐/r/n舜发于吠亩之/r/n中,/r/n傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于/r/n土,/r/n孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于/r/n市，/r/n故天将降大任于斯/r/n人/r/n也，必先苦/r/n其心/r/n志，/r/n劳其/r/n筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏/r/n其/r/n身，/r/n行/r/n拂乱/r/n其/r/n所为，所以动心忍性，曾/r/n益/r/n其所不能。/r/n人/r/n恒过,然后能改;/r/n困/r/n于/r/n心,/r/n衡于虑,而后作;征/r/n于色，/r/n发于声,而后喻。/r/n入/r/n那么无法家拂/r/n士，/r/n出/r/n那/r/n么无敌国外患者，国恒/r/n亡，/r/n然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。/r/n./r/n以下句子中加点字的用法和意/r/n义/r/n相同的一项为/r/n哪一项（/r/nA./r/n不/r/n以物喜 /r/n以/r/n刀劈狼/r/n首/r/n（?狼?）/r/nB./r/n居庙堂之高那么忧其民/r/nB./r/n居庙堂之高那么忧其民/r/n得之那么生（?鱼我所欲也?）/r/nC./r/n发于声，而后喻/r/n而安陵以五十里之地存者（?唐雎不辱使命?）/r/nD./r/nC./r/n发于声，而后喻/r/n而安陵以五十里之地存者（?唐雎不辱使命?）/r/nD./r/n舜发于吠亩之中/r/n皆以/r/n美于/r/n徐/r/n公/r/n（?邹忌讽齐王纳谏?）/r/n./r/n以下句子中加点字的意思不同的项是/r/n（）/r/nA./r/n而或长烟ア空 上下二/r/n白/r/n（?湖心亭看雪?）/r/nB./r/n把酒喳风 岫表涕零（?出师表?/r/nC./r/n衡于虑,而后作/r/nC./r/n衡于虑,而后作/r/n盗窃乱贼而不佇（?大道之行也?）/r/nd./r/n征于年 未/r/n尝稍降辞/r/n自/r/n，送东阳马生序?）/r/nH./r/n解释/r/n以下/r/n句中加点的词语。/r/n（0/r/n予尝枣古仁人之心 /r/n求:./r/n（2）/r/n行拂乱其所为 拂:一/r/n

/r/n./r/n用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。/r/n浮光跃金,静影沉/r/n壁。/r/n./r/n?/r/n岳阳楼记（节选）?/r/n第/r/n②③段写“迁客骚人”的悲喜观,其用意是什么?/r/n.阅读下面链接/r/n材料,/r/n结合?生于忧患,死于安乐?,用自己的话说说两文的作者分别提出/r/n了/r/n怎样的治国之道?/r/n【链接材料】/r/n凡治国之道，必先富民。民富那么易治也,民贫那么难治也。奚以®知/r/n其/r/n然也?民富那么安乡重②家，安乡重家那么敬上畏罪@,敬上畏罪那么易治也。民贫那么危乡轻家，危乡轻家那么敢凌上犯禁,凌上犯禁那么难治也。故治国常富,而乱国常贫。是以善为国者,必先富民,然后治之。/r/n（选自?管子/r/n•/r/n治国?/r/n【注/r/n释】/r/n①奚/r/n以:/r/n即“/r/n以/r/n奚",根据什么。/r/n以,/r/n介词，根据。奚,何，什么。②重:重视。③敬上畏罪:恭敬君上,畏惧犯罪。敬，恭敬，尊重。上，君上,泛指统治者。罪，犯罪或作恶的行为。/r/n【答案】/r/n9.B/r/n10./r/nC/r/n. /r/n①.探求②.违背/r/n./r/n浮动的月光闪着金色，静静的月影像沉在水中的/r/n玉/r/n璧。/r/n.传达出两种截然相反的人生情境，/r/n衬/r/n托’’不以物/r/n喜，不/r/n以己悲"的古/r/n仁人/r/n之心，突出作者“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐"的爱国情怀。/r/n./r/n?/r/n生于忧患，死于安乐?提出了忧患那么生、安乐那么亡的观点，［链接/r/n材料］/r/n那么提出了治国之道，必先富民的观点。/r/n【广/r/n西贺/r/n州】/r/n（-）/r/n文言文阅读/r/n（13/r/n分，/r/n1/r/n0/r/n〜/r/n12/r/n小题,每题/r/n2/r/n分，共/r/n6/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n臣/r/n本/r/n布衣，躬/r/n耕于/r/n南/r/n阳,/r/n苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑劣，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，/r/n由是感谢,遂许先帝以驱驰/r/n。后值倾覆，受任于败军/r/n之际,/r/n奉命于危难之间,尔/r/n来/r/n二十有一年矣。/r/n先帝知臣谨慎,故临崩寄/r/n臣以/r/n大事也。受命以来,夙夜忧叹,恐/r/n托付不/r/n效，以伤先帝之明;故五月渡泸,/r/n深入/r/n不毛。今南方已定,兵甲已足，当奖率三军,北定中原，庶竭驾钝，攘除奸凶,兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至/r/n于/r/n斟酌损/r/n益,/r/n进尽忠言,那么攸之、祎、允之任也。/r/n愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，/r/n不效,/r/n那么治臣之罪，/r/n以/r/n告先帝之灵。假设无兴德之言，那么责攸之、祎、允等之慢，/r/n以/r/n彰其咎:陛下亦宜自谋，以咨眼善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣/r/n不/r/n胜受恩感谢。今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。/r/n（节选自?出师表?）/r/n【乙】/r/n况守①时，府治②被火焚，文卷悉烬。遗火③者，/r/nー/r/n吏也。火熄，况守出坐砾④场上，/r/n呼吏/r/n痛杖/r/nー/r/n百，喝使归舍。亟⑤自草奏,ーカ归罪己躬，更不以累/r/n吏/r/n也。初吏自知当死，况守叹日：/r/n“/r/n此固太守事也,小吏何足当哉/r/n!/r/n"/r/n奏上，罪止罚俸。公之周旋⑥小吏如此，所以威行而无怨。使以今人处此，即自/r/n己/r/n之罪尚欲推之下人,况肯代人受过乎?公之品，于是不可及/r/n矣!/r/n（选自?智囊?，有删改）/r/n【注释】/r/n①况守:况，况钟，字伯律,南昌/r/n人，/r/n明朝著名廉官。守，做太守。况钟时任苏州太守。②府治：府衙。③遗火：因失职造成火灾。④砾：小石,碎石。⑤：急速，赶快。⑥周旋：这里是对待的意思。/r/n.以下加点的词语解释有误的ー项为哪ー项/r/n（/r/nA./r/n先帝不以臣卑劣/r/nB./r/n愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效/r/nC./r/n文卷悉烬/r/nD,/r/n喝使归舍/r/n）/r/n.以下加点的词语解释有误的ー项为哪ー项/r/n（/r/nA./r/n先帝不以臣卑劣/r/nB./r/n愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效/r/nC./r/n文卷悉烬/r/nD,/r/n喝使归舍/r/n）/r/n卑劣：言行恶劣;不道徳/r/n效：成效/r/n.以下加点字的意思和用法相同的ー项为哪一项/r/n（/r/n悉:全，都/r/n舍:房舍，住宅/r/n以/r/n大事也/r/n之明/r/n卷石底/r/n以出/r/n（?小石潭记?）/r/nC/r/n、/r/n所以威行面无怨/r/n予独爱莲る出淤泥/r/n而/r/n不染（?爱莲说?）

/r/n而/r/n山不/r/n加增/r/n（?/r/n愚公移山?）/r/nD./r/n王/r/n是不可及矣 万钟王我何加焉（?鱼我所欲也?）/r/n.以下对文本的/r/n理解/r/n表述有误的ー项为哪一项（ /r/n）/r/nA./r/n【甲】/r/n文由叙自己生平而至言伐魏的意义,说明自己“兴复汉室,还于旧都"的决心,表达’‘报先帝而忠陛下”的真挚情感。/r/nB./r/n【乙】/r/n文况守“威行而无怨"的原因就是他代替小吏承当火灾罪责。/r/nC./r/n【甲】/r/n文诸葛亮追叙先帝的知遇之恩和跟先帝的患难与共的历程,是想让刘禅知道创业的艰难,鼓励他立志完成先帝未竟的大业。/r/nD./r/n【甲】【乙】/r/n两文都运用了记叙和议论的表达方式,/r/n【甲】/r/n文在人物塑造和/r/n情/r/n节描述上相/r/n比/r/n于/r/n【乙】/r/n文更加具体生动。/r/n.请把第/r/nI/r/n卷/r/n文言文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（每题/r/n2/r/n分,共/r/n4/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n由/r/n是感谢,遂许先帝以驱驰。/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n（2）/r/n此固太守事也，小吏何足当哉!/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n.【甲】【乙】/r/n两文都表达了责任担当意识,作为一名中学生，我们怎样才能担负起自己肩上的重任?请谈谈你的看法。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n10A 11C 12B/r/n（1）/r/n我因此感奋激发,于是容许为先帝奔波效カ。（“感谢"“许"“驱驰"各/r/n0.5/r/n分，句意/r/n0.5/r/n分）/r/n（2）/r/n这本来就是太守该负的责任，一名小吏怎么能够承当呢!（“固”“何足"“当"各/r/n0.5/r/n分,句意/r/n0./r/n5/r/n分）/r/n.责任担当，是/r/nー/r/n种积极进取的人生态度和价值取向。作为中学生应尽心尽责，积极作为,对自己、对他人、对社会、对国家负责,这样才能担负起时代赋予的使命。/r/n【贵州安顺】/r/n（三）/r/n古代诗文阅读/r/n贵州/r/n通志（节选/r/n）/r/n0/r/n贵/r/n州,/r/n山川形胜,那么复岭密箸/r/n②，/r/n迅流急湍,非有平原广泽之沃衍因也。虽僻在西南一隅,然东楚、西滇、南粤、北蜀,不与外夷接壤,因居然腹里之地也。前代皆羁縻④勿绝,至明始置郡县。大约山势峭削，少平原/r/n广/r/n野之观,水流急湍,无舟楫灌注之利。师旅官吏之经费,多仰给于邻境,然大定、南笼扼云南之咽喉,/r/n铜/r/n仁、思州/r/n踞/r/n湖南之腰膂，思南，遵义为四川之辅车⑥,都匀、黎平处粤/r/n西®/r/n之肘腋,少有不靖⑦,不免有震邻之/r/n虞®,/r/n那么物力虽瘠薄,而形势固居要害矣。/r/n自有明隆庆时，易程番府为贵阳，遂为省会之首郡。南南笼,西安顺,北遵义，东连平越、都匀,地处十三郡之中。而贵山北峙,南明东环，灵秀亦甲于诸郡。/r/n【注释】/r/n①选自?乾隆贵州通志?,志,是一种史书,②普/r/nqing:/r/n山间的大竹林;③衍:平坦之地。④羁縻/r/nmi:/r/n古代朝廷对地方的笼络控/r/n制,/r/n⑤辅车:辅为颊/r/n骨，/r/n车为牙床。⑥粤西:即广西⑦靖:安宁。/r/n⑧/r/n虞:忧患。/r/n.选文中，大定、南笼、思/r/n州、/r/n平越均为古代地名。请根据选文内容判断,下面示意图、中/r/nABCD/r/n四个位置，思/r/n州/r/n最可能在/r/n注:图片仅为示意图,不是当时的实际地图。/r/n.请摘录选文中概述贵州地理位置优势的两处文句。/r/n18/r/n以下各组加点词的意义和用法一致的ー项为哪一项/r/n不敢出一言以复（宋濂?送东阳马生序?）/r/n率妻子邑人/r/n来/r/n此绝境（陶渊明?桃花源记?）/r/n寒暑易节,始一反焉（?列子/r/n•愚/r/n公移山?）/r/n一老河兵闻之,又笑曰（纪旳?河中石兽?？/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/nD/r/n（4/r/n分）①固居然腹里之地也②形势固居要害矣/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/nC/r/n【海南省】/r/n（二）/r/n文言文阅读/r/n（12/r/n分）/r/n阅读下面文言文选段,按要求完成/r/n8/r/n〜/r/n11/r/n题。/r/n（12/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益。/r/n将军向宠,/r/n性行淑均/r/n,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使/r/n国阵和睦/r/n,优劣得所。/r/n亲贤臣,远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也:亲小人，远贤/r/n臣，/r/n此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军,/r/n此悉贞良死节之臣，/r/n愿陛下亲之信之,那么汉室之隆，可计日而待也。/r/n（节选自诸葛亮?出师表?）/r/n【乙】/r/n初,权谓吕蒙曰:“卿今/r/n当涂掌事/r/n,不可不学!”蒙辞以军中多务。权曰:“孤岂欲卿治经为博士邪!/r/n但当涉/r/n道,见往事耳。卿言多务，孰假设孤?/r/n孤常读书，自以为大有所益。/r/n"蒙乃始就学。及鲁肃过寻阳，与蒙论议，大惊曰:“卿今者才略，非复吴下阿蒙!"蒙曰：“士别三日,即更刮目相待，大兄何见事之晚乎！/r/n"/r/n肃遂拜蒙母，结友而别。/r/n（选自司马光?孙权劝学?）/r/n.以下加点字注音正确的ー项为哪ー项（ /r/n）/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n獺/r/n（tu） /r/n的漏/r/n（qu@）/r/n邪/r/n（xi6） D./r/n学拜蒙母/r/n（zhU）/r/n.给以下加点词语选择正确的义项。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n①行阵和睦 ②性行淑均/r/n②但当涉猎/r/n（2）/r/n①当涂掌事/r/n②但当涉猎/r/n(1)/r/n此/r/n悉贞良死节之/r/n臣。/r/n(2)/r/n孤/r/n常/r/n读书,/r/n自以/r/n为大有/r/n所益。/r/n11/r/n.“读史/r/n可/r/n以/r/n明智”,/r/n请从/r/n两篇选/r/n文中分/r/n别找出能/r/n表/r/n达这ー观/r/n点的/r/n句子。/r/n(2/r/n分)/r/n答案:/r/n(1)/r/nB/r/n(2)①/r/nD/r/n②/r/nB；/r/n①/r/nC/r/n②/r/nA/r/n(3)/r/n①这些都是忠正贤明、能/r/n以/r/n死报国的大臣。/r/n②我经常读书,自认为大有好处。/r/n(4)/r/n?出师/r/n表?:/r/n亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以/r/n兴/r/n隆也;亲小人,远贤/r/n臣,/r/n此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与/r/n臣/r/n论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。/r/n?/r/n孙权劝/r/n学?：/r/n但当涉猎，见往事耳。/r/n【河南省】/r/n阅读?/r/n出师/r/n表?/r/n(节选)，完成下面小题。/r/n臣/r/n本/r/n布衣，/r/n躬耕/r/n于南/r/n阳,/r/n苟/r/n全性/r/n命/r/n于/r/n乱世，不求闻/r/n达于诸/r/n侯。先帝/r/n不/r/n以/r/n臣/r/n卑劣，/r/n猥/r/n自枉屈，/r/n三顾臣于草庐之/r/n中,/r/n咨臣以/r/n当世/r/n之/r/n事，由/r/n是感谢,遂け/r/n先帝/r/n以/r/n驱驰。后值倾覆，/r/n受任/r/n于败军/r/n之际，/r/n奉/r/n命/r/n于/r/n危难之间，/r/n尔/r/n来二十/r/n有/r/n一年/r/n矣。/r/n先帝/r/n知臣/r/n谨慎,/r/n故临崩寄臣/r/n以/r/n大事也。受命/r/n以来，/r/n夙夜忧叹，/r/n恐托/r/n付不效，/r/n以伤/r/n先帝/r/n之/r/n明,/r/n故五月/r/n渡泸,深入/r/n不毛。/r/n今/r/n南方已/r/n定,/r/n兵/r/n甲/r/n已/r/n足,当奖率/r/n三军，北/r/n定中原,庶承鸳钝，/r/n摆/r/n除奸/r/n凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。/r/n此臣/r/n所以报先帝/r/n而忠陛下/r/n之职分/r/n也。/r/n至于/r/n斟酌损/r/n裁，/r/n进尽忠言，那么攸/r/n之、祎、/r/n允之/r/n任也。/r/n14./r/n以下选项中加点词语意思/r/n都/r/n相同的ー项为哪一项/r/n()/r/nA./r/n三顾臣于草庐之中/r/n日侍坐备拳课/r/n奋不顾身/r/nB./r/n遂や先帝以驱驰/r/n潭中鱼可百件头/r/n以身存国/r/nC./r/n庶車驾钝/r/n再而衰,三而承/r/n举尽全力/r/nD./r/n至于斟酌损益/r/n香远益清/r/n精/r/n益/r/n求/r/n精/r/n./r/n把选文中/r/n画/r/n横线的句/r/n子翻/r/n译成现/r/n代/r/n汉语。/r/n恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明。/r/n./r/n选文/r/n第一/r/n段诸葛亮追述自己/r/n二十/r/n一年/r/n来/r/n的经历有什么用意?请简要概括两点。/r/n./r/n诸葛亮作为蜀汉丞相可谓尽职尽责，下面链接材料中的苏轼作为/r/n杭州/r/n知州，是否/r/n做到/r/n了尽职尽责?请结合/r/n他/r/n的所作所为简要分析。/r/n【链接材料】/r/n【苏/r/n轼)/r/n拜龙图阁学士、/r/n知杭州。/r/n既/r/n至/r/n杭，大旱，饥疫并作。轼请于朝，免本路@上供米三之/r/n一,/r/n复得赐度僧/r/n牒⑵,/r/n易/r/n米/r/n以救饥/r/n者。/r/n明年春，又减价祟常平/r/n米,/r/n多作/r/n值“/r/n粥药剂,遣使挟医分坊治病,活者甚众。/r/n(节选/r/n自?宋史/r/n•/r/n苏轼传?)/r/n【注/r/n释】/r/n①路：行政区/r/n划/r/n名。②度僧牒：批准出家为僧的文书。③值/r/n(zhan):/r/n稠/r/n粥。/r/n【答案】/r/n14.C15./r/n恐/r/n怕/r/n托/r/n付/r/n给我的大任不能完成,从而损害先帝的英明。/r/n./r/n①抒发对先帝的感谢之情。②说明自己对蜀汉的忠心，希望后主信任自己。③写出先帝的任/r/n大/r/n唯贤,为后主树立典范。④说明创业艰难，/r/n鼓/r/n励后主努力进取。(答/r/n出/r/n任意两点,意思对即可)/r/n./r/n例/r/n如/r/nー:/r/n苏轼做/r/n到/r/n了。面对饥/r/n疫,/r/n他/r/nー方/r/n面请求减轻百姓负担,想方设法教济饥/r/n民;/r/n另/r/n一方/r/n面/r/n熬/r/n制/r/n药剂,/r/n派/r/n医/r/n生/r/n救治/r/n病人。/r/n例/r/n如/r/n二:/r/n苏轼做/r/n到/r/n了。作为杭州知州，他在/r/n杭州/r/n遭遇饥荒和瘟疫时，想方设法救助饥/r/n民、/r/n救治/r/n病人,/r/n救活了/r/n很/r/n多/r/n人。/r/n【黑龙/r/n江/r/n龙东】/r/nハ、比照阅读/r/n（甲）/r/n景春曰：“公孙衍、张仪岂不调大丈夫哉?一怒而诸侯惧，安居而天下熄。"/r/n孟子曰：“是焉得为大丈夫乎?子未学礼乎?丈夫之冠也，父命之;女子之嫁也,母命之,往送之门,戒之曰:’往之/r/n女/r/n家,/r/n必/r/n敬必戒，无违夫子!’以顺为正者，妾妇之道也。居天下之广居,立天下之正位,行天下之大道。得志，与/r/n民/r/n由之;不得志,独行其道。富贵不能淫,贫贱不能/r/n移，/r/n威武不能屈。此之谓大丈夫。”（选自?孟子/r/n•滕/r/n文公下?）/r/n（乙）/r/n齐大饥,黔敖为食于路,以待饿者而食之。有饿者蒙①袂②辑/r/n展@,/r/n贸贸然④来。黔敖左奉食,右热饮，曰:“嗟!来食。"扬其目而视之，曰:“予唯不食嗟来之/r/n食，以/r/n至于斯也。"从而谢焉。终/r/n不食/r/n而死。/r/n（选自?礼记•檀公?）/r/n（注释）①/r/n蒙：/r/n掩蔽。②袂/r/n（mGi）：/r/n衣/r/n袖,袖子。③辑屣/r/n（jlju）:/r/n跋/r/n（ta）/r/n拉着鞋。④贸贸然:眼睛昏花的样子。/r/n./r/n解释/r/n以下/r/n句中加点的词语。/r/n（1）/r/n张仪岂不螂大丈夫哉/r/n（2）/r/n黔敖/r/n左/r/n奉食,右热饮/r/n./r/n请用现代汉语翻译以下句子。/r/n（1）/r/n行天下之大道。/r/n（2）/r/n予唯不食嗟来之/r/n食，以/r/n至于斯也。/r/n./r/n（乙）/r/n文中的事例能否作为（甲）文“贫贱不能/r/n移"/r/n的事实论据?请结合选文内容说明理由。/r/n真正，确实拿/r/n（1）/r/n行走在天下最宽广的道路“/r/n义"上。/r/n（2）/r/n我正因/r/n为不吃/r/n别/r/n人/r/n施舍的/r/n食物，/r/n才落得这个地步。/r/n能作为事/r/n实论/r/n据。乙文中的饿者宁可饿死也不吃带有侮辱性的/r/n食物,/r/n正表达了甲文/r/n中“/r/n贫贱不能/r/n移"/r/n的观点。/r/n【黑龙/r/n江齐齐哈/r/n尔】/r/n（一）阅读以下文言文，答复第/r/n12-16/r/n题。（共/r/n10/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n至/r/n于/r/n负者歌于途,行者休于树,前者呼，后者应,/r/n但偻/r/n提携，往来而不绝者,滁人游也。临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥,酿泉为酒,泉香而酒洌，山肴野藏,杂然而前陈者，太守宴也。宴酣之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈者胜，觥筹交错，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。苍颜/r/n白发，/r/n颓然乎/r/n其/r/n间者,太守醉也。/r/n己而/r/nタ阳/r/n在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳，鸣声上下，/r/n游人/r/n去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林/r/n之乐,/r/n而不知/r/n人/r/n之乐;人知从/r/n太守/r/n游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐,醒能/r/n述/r/n以文者，/r/n太守/r/n也。太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。/r/n（节选自?醉翁亭记?）/r/n【乙】/r/n修始在滁洲，号ロロ，晚更号六一居士,天资刚毅①,/r/n见义/r/n勇为。虽机阱②在前，触发之不顾。放逐流离,至于再三,志气自假设也。/r/n方贬夷陵时，无以自遣，因/r/n取/r/n旧案反复观/r/n之,/r/n见其枉直乖错③不可/r/n胜数,于/r/n是仰天叹/r/n曰:“/r/n以荒远小邑/r/n且/r/n如此,/r/n天下固可知。”自尔遇事不敢忽也。/r/n学者/r/n求见,/r/n所与言,未尝及文章,/r/n惟谈吏事,/r/n谓/r/n文章止于润/r/n身④,/r/n政事/r/n可/r/n以及/r/n物。凡历数郡,不见治/r/n迹,不求/r/n声誉，宽简⑤而不扰，故所/r/n至/r/n民便⑥/r/n之，/r/n或问:/r/n“为政/r/n宽简而事不弛废,何也?"/r/n日:"/r/n以纵为宽,/r/n以/r/n略为简,那么政/r/n事弛/r/n废而民/r/n受其/r/n弊，吾/r/n所谓宽/r/n者,不为苛急:/r/n（节选自?/r/n宋/r/n史/r/n•/r/n欧/r/n阳/r/n修/r/n传?,/r/n有删改）/r/n【注】/r/n①/r/n天资刚/r/n毅:/r/n生性刚直。/r/n②/r/n机阱:陷阱。③枉直乖错:冤假错案④润/r/n身:/r/n修身养/r/n性。⑤/r/n宽简:宽松简易。/r/n⑥/r/n便：安逸，安闲。/r/n.请用/r/n"/"/r/n为/r/n【乙】/r/n文/r/n划线处断句。（只/r/n划ー处/r/n）/r/n（1/r/n分）/r/n自尔/r/n遇/r/n事不敢/r/n忽也/r/n.解释加点词语在文中的/r/n意思。/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/nTOC\o"1-5"\h\z/r/n（1）/r/n泉/r/n香/r/n而/r/n酒/r/n冽 /r/n冽（ /r/n） /r/n（2）/r/n树林阴野 /r/n翳/r/n（ ）/r/n（3）/r/n而民受/r/n其/r/n弊 /r/n弊/r/n（ ） /r/n（4）/r/n未/r/n尝/r/n及/r/n文章 尝/r/n（ ）/r/n.用/r/n现代汉语翻译以下句子。/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n（1）/r/n低偻/r/n提携,往来而不绝者,滁人游也。/r/n（2）/r/n放逐流离，至于再三，志气自假设也。/r/n.以下对两个选段内容的/r/n理解与/r/n分析错误的ー项为/r/n哪一项/r/n（ ）/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/nA./r/n甲文文质/r/n兼美，/r/n多用/r/n骈偶/r/n句,/r/n语言简洁/r/n流畅,/r/n富有/r/n音韵/r/n之/r/n美。/r/nB./r/n甲文/r/n以/r/n“乐”字贯穿全文，乐中带忧,流露/r/n出作/r/n者被/r/n贬此地/r/n愁苦悲凉的心境。/r/nC/r/n.乙/r/n文/r/n欧/r/n阳/r/n修为人/r/n正直，/r/n治理/r/n有方，/r/n所/r/n到之处政绩斐/r/n然，人民/r/n生活都/r/n很/r/n安逸，/r/n因/r/n而/r/n他/r/n深/r/n受百姓/r/n喜爱。/r/nD./r/n乙/r/n文/r/n欧阳修被贬夷陵/r/n后，/r/n他看/r/n到/r/n以前官吏渎职所致错/r/n案,决/r/n心更/r/n加/r/n谨慎办/r/n案。/r/n.欧/r/n阳修/r/n勤政爱/r/n民，甲乙/r/n两文中他为官/r/n理念/r/n的不同点是什么?请你写/r/n出/r/n一位/r/n当代/r/n和/r/n欧/r/n阳/r/n修一样把/r/n人民/r/n放在心中/r/n的/r/n好/r/n官/r/n的名字。/r/n（3/r/n分）/r/n（一）阅读以下文言文,答复第/r/n12/r/n—/r/n16/r/n题。（共/r/n10/r/n分）/r/n评分说明：/r/n（1/r/n分）只/r/n划ー处，/r/n多/r/n划不给分。/r/n（1）/r/n清/r/n（2）/r/n遮/r/n盖/r/n（3）/r/n害处/r/n（弊病）/r/n（4）/r/n曾经/r/n评分说明:/r/n（2/r/n分）每空/r/n0.5/r/n分。/r/n（1）/r/n老年/r/n人/r/n弯着腰走,/r/n小/r/n孩子由/r/n大人/r/n领着走,来来往往,络绎不绝的,是滁州人们的出游啊。/r/n（2）（/r/n欧阳修）屡次被贬官流放,志向依然不改。/r/n评分说明:/r/n（2/r/n分）每句/r/n1/r/n分。重点词“似偻提携”"再三”"自假设”漏译或错译扣/r/n0.5/r/n分。/r/nB/r/n评分说明：/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n不同点：①甲文侧重与民同乐的为/r/n官/r/n理念,②乙文侧重为政宽简的为官理念。/r/n例如:任长霞、焦裕禄、孔繁森/r/n……/r/n评分说明：/r/n（3/r/n分）不同点各/r/n1/r/n分,好官名字/r/n1/r/n分。/r/n【参考/r/n译/r/n文】/r/n欧阳修当初在滁/r/n州,/r/n号醉翁,晩年改号为六/r/n・/r/n居士。（他）生性刚直,/r/n见义/r/n勇为,就算眼前是陷阱,也不会退缩。屡次被贬官流放，志向依然不改。/r/n刚被贬夷陵的时候，没有消遣的事情，就拿/r/n未/r/n以前的案件档案反复观察，发现里边冤假错案不计其数,/r/n于/r/n是仰天长叹/r/n说：/r/n“遥远的小城尚/r/n且/r/n是这样,天下的（冤假错案）就可想而知了。"从此,遇到案件就不敢大意了。/r/n有/r/n求学的人请求会见,（欧阳修）与（他/r/n们）/r/n交谈,从来不谈文章，只说政事,说文章只能用来修身养性，政/r/n事/r/nオ是根本。（他）ー共治理过几个郡，没有杰出的政绩，不追求声誉,（政策）宽松简易不扰/r/n民，/r/n所以到过的地/r/n方人/r/n民都/r/n很/r/n安逸。有人问他：''（您治理地方）政策宽松简明/r/n但/r/n从/r/n不/r/n懈总荒废政事,为什么呢?"（他答复）说:“把放纵当成寛/r/n松，把/r/n省略必要的地方当成简明,那么政事就会被懈怠荒废,国而/r/n人民/r/n受害。我所说的宽松,是不做/r/n苛/r/n刻武断的事：简明，是不做烦琐的事罢/r/n了。"/r/n【黑/r/n龙江绥/r/n化】/r/n（四）/r/n阅读?/r/n出师/r/n表?/r/n和?/r/n泰山行宫记?，答复/r/n24-27/r/n题。/r/n（10/r/n分）/r/n（甲）诸葛亮?出师表?节选/r/n先帝创业未/r/n半/r/n而中道崩殂，/r/n今/r/n天下三分，/r/n益州/r/n疲弊,此诚危急存亡之秋也。然倚卫之臣/r/n不/r/n懈/r/n于/r/n内,/r/n忠志/r/n之/r/n士忘身/r/n于外/r/n者,/r/n盖/r/n追先帝之殊遇,欲报之于陛下/r/n也。/r/n诚宜开张圣听，/r/n以/r/n光先帝遗/r/n德,/r/n恢弘志士/r/n之气,/r/n不/r/n宜/r/n妄/r/n自菲薄,/r/n引喻失/r/n义,/r/n以/r/n塞忠谏之路/r/n也。/r/n亲贤臣，远/r/n小人，/r/n此先汉所以/r/n兴/r/n隆也;亲/r/n小人,/r/n远贤/r/n臣，/r/n此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与/r/n臣论此/r/n事，未尝不叹/r/n息痛恨于桓、/r/n灵/r/n也。/r/n侍中、尚书、长/r/n史、参军,/r/n此悉贞良死节之/r/n臣，/r/n愿/r/n陛下/r/n亲之/r/n信之，/r/n那/r/n么汉室/r/n之隆，/r/n可计日而/r/n待/r/n也。/r/n（乙）/r/n赵国壁?/r/n泰山/r/n行宫记?节选/r/n余/r/n常/r/n年/r/n求/r/n学于外,鲜有归/r/n家，/r/n今幸归/r/n之，/r/n族中叔伯/r/n及/r/n村/r/n诸贤达/r/n之土闻/r/n余登进土，甚/r/n欣，/r/n家尊/r/n甚/r/n慰,日：吾儿/r/n宽厚/r/n孝善，/r/n且/r/n胸怀凌/r/n云，那么必/r/n有宏/r/n图。/r/n余幼学/r/n时,家/r/n尊/r/n教余之兄弟甚严,/r/n常/r/n日：/r/n父母/r/n同负/r/n育人/r/n之责。/r/n一日,尊因/r/n商/r/n旅大名府,遂书信遣/r/n人/r/n送至家中。/r/n余/r/n慈见信日：子/r/n完©/r/n之教,/r/n责在尔躬。而/r/n汝/r/n切记，偏爱者/r/n多，/r/n殊不知爱之不/r/n以其/r/n道，/r/n反足以/r/n害/r/n之/r/n焉。其道维何②，约言之有四戒四/r/n宜。/r/n四/r/n戒：一/r/n戒宴起,/r/n二戒懒/r/n惰,/r/n三/r/n戒奢华，四戒骄/r/n做。/r/n既守四/r/n戒,又/r/n须规发四宜：一宜勤读,/r/n二/r/n宜敬师,三宜爱/r/n众，/r/n四/r/n宜/r/n慎/r/n食。以上八那么,为教吾子/r/n子/r/n完之/r/n金科玉/r/n律,/r/n尔宜铭于心间。后/r/n余之/r/n登士,虽/r/n身/r/n用/r/n心专，/r/n皆归于余尊之严教也。/r/n［注释］①子/r/n完：/r/n本文作者赵国壁,字/r/n子/r/n完。②维何：是什么。/r/n①傢斗志士/r/n之/r/n气 ②殊不知爱之不以其道/r/n./r/n将下面句/r/n子/r/n翻/r/n译成现/r/n代汉语。/r/n（4/r/n分）/r/n①此悉贞良死节之臣。/r/n②后余/r/n之/r/n登士,虽身/r/n用心专,/r/n皆归于余/r/n尊之/r/n严教也。/r/n.以下各组句/r/n子中,/r/n加点词意义和用法相同的一组是/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/nA./r/n」ー/r/n那“/r/n汉室之/r/n隆 /r/n_Bf"/r/n面山加居/r/n此/r/n那/r/n么岳阳/r/n楼之/r/n大观也 /r/n人/r/n不知/r/nw/r/n不愠/r/nC./r/nイ-出入/r/nセ/r/n迂也 /r/nD./r/n｛尔宜/r/n铭于心/r/n间/r/nJ/r/n无案牍之劳形 每假借之藏书/r/n之/r/n家/r/n.甲文画线句与乙/r/n文分/r/n别从哪方面进行劝诫和教导的?/r/n（2/r/n分）/r/n（四）阅读?出师/r/n表?和?/r/n泰山行宫记?，答复/r/n24-27/r/n题。/r/n（10/r/n分）/r/n.①/r/n发扬，扩展 ②正确方法/r/n评分说/r/n明:/r/n（2/r/n分）答对ー处得/r/n1/r/n分，/r/n错字或/r/n与/r/n答案不符不得分。/r/n.①/r/n“这（些）都是忠正贤明,能为保全节操而死的人。”或者"这（些）都是忠贞、坦/r/n直，/r/n能以死报国的节义臣子。"/r/n②后来我考中进士,虽然有用心专一的缘故，但都归功于我父亲的严格管教。/r/n评分说/r/n明:/r/n（4/r/n分）译对重点词语‘'此""悉"/r/n和“皆"/r/n"归"/r/n"尊"/r/n各得/r/n1/r/n分，翻译完整流畅再各得/r/n1/r/n分。/r/n./r/nC/r/n/转折关系;/r/nC./r/n于主谓之间取消句子独立性,不译:/r/nD./r/n介调,在/介词,向。/r/n.?/r/n出师表?中诸葛亮劝诫后主刘禅，要继承“先帝遗德"广开言路/r/n（不/r/n应该/r/n“妄/r/n自菲薄"堵塞忠谏之路）。?泰山/r/n行/r/n宫记?中作者的/r/n父/r/n亲培养儿子成オ，以“四戒四宜"/r/n之/r/n法严格教育儿子。/r/n评分说/r/n明：/r/n（2/r/n分）答出一点得/r/n1/r/n分。/r/n【湖北/r/n恩/r/n施】/r/n（五）。/r/n比/r/n拟阅读下面的文言/r/n文，/r/n完成/r/n21-25/r/n题。/r/n（10/r/n分，/r/n每题/r/n2/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n一老/r/n河兵闻之,/r/n又笑日:“凡河中/r/n失/r/n石，当求/r/n之/r/n于上流。盖石性坚重，/r/n沙性松/r/n浮,/r/n水/r/n不能冲/r/n石,其/r/n反激之/r/n力，/r/n必/r/n于石下/r/n迎/r/n水处啮沙为坎穴。/r/n渐激渐/r/n深，至/r/n石/r/n之/r/n半，石/r/n必/r/n倒/r/n掷坎穴/r/n中。如是再啮，石/r/n又/r/n再转。转转不已，遂/r/n反/r/n溯流逆上/r/n矣。求之/r/n下流，固颠:/r/n求之/r/n地中,不更颠乎?/r/n"/r/n如/r/n其/r/n言,果得于数里外。/r/n然那么/r/n天下/r/n之/r/n事,但知/r/n其ー，/r/n不知其二者多/r/n矣,/r/n可/r/n据/r/n理臆断/r/n欤?/r/n（节/r/n选自统编义务教育教科/r/n书?语文?七/r/n年级下册?/r/n河中/r/n石兽?）/r/n【乙】/r/n事不目见/r/n耳闻，而臆断/r/n其/r/n有无,可/r/n乎?/r/n郦元之所/r/n见闻,/r/n殆与余同,而言/r/n之不详;/r/n士大夫/r/n终不肯以/r/n小舟夜泊绝壁之/r/n下，/r/n故莫/r/n能/r/n知;而渔エ水师虽知而/r/n不能/r/n言。此世所以不传也。而陋/r/n者乃以/r/n斧斤考击而求/r/n之，自以为得其实。/r/n余/r/n是以记之善叹郦元之简而笑李渤之陋也。/r/n（节选自苏轼?石钟山记?）/r/n./r/n解释/r/n以下/r/n句/r/n中/r/n加点词的意思。/r/n①转转不弓:已/r/n:/r/n /r/n②/r/n遂反硼/r/n流逆上矣 /r/n溯；/r/n③而言/r/n之不讲:详:/r/n ④夜旭绝壁之下 泊:/r/n.给/r/n【乙】/r/n文中/r/n画/r/n波浪/r/n线的句子/r/n断/r/n句,/r/n用/r/n“/”/r/n在句中标出。（限划/r/n2/r/n处）/r/n余/r/n是以记之/r/n盖叹郦/r/n元之简/r/n而/r/n笑李/r/n渤之陋/r/n也。/r/n./r/n用/r/n现代汉/r/n语翻译/r/n以下句子。/r/n①求之下流,/r/n固颠。/r/n②自以为得其实。/r/n.【甲】【乙】/r/n两文中/r/n画/r/n横线的句子/r/n都/r/n使用/r/n了哪种修辞/r/n手法?/r/n.【甲】【乙】/r/n两文中/r/n画/r/n横线的句子表/r/n达/r/n的相同观点是什么?/r/n.①/r/n停止:②逆流而/r/n上:/r/n③详细;④停泊。/r/n./r/n余是以记之/盖叹郦元之简/而笑李渤之陋也。/r/n.①到河的/r/n下/r/n游寻找石兽,本来/r/n就/r/n显得很荒唐。/r/n②自以为得到了石钟山命名的真相。/r/n.比照/r/n.事情没有亲眼所见亲耳，就主观臆断,这怎么可以呢?/r/n【湖北黄冈】/r/n（三）/r/n阅读下面文言文选段，/r/n完成/r/n下面/r/n小题。/r/n（14/r/n分）/r/n【甲】/r/n天时不如/r/n地利，地利/r/n不/r/n如/r/n人/r/n和。/r/n三里/r/n之城,/r/n七里/r/n之/r/n郭,环而攻/r/n之/r/n而/r/n不胜。/r/n夫/r/n环而攻/r/n之,必/r/n有得天时者/r/n矣,/r