2019高中高考英语一轮达标Unit2Cloning练题含解析新人教本选修8

2021高中高考英语一轮达标Unit2Cloning练题含分析新人教版本选修82021高中高考英语一轮达标Unit2Cloning练题含分析新人教版本选修82021高中高考英语一轮达标Unit2Cloning练题含分析新人教版本选修8Unit2Cloning李仕才一、阅读理解。Ifyou'remakingdeterminationforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover(肠道清理)．Changingyourmicrobecommunity(微生物群)however,maynotbeeasy，andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That'sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobecommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample，itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobecommunity.“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobecommunitythatencountersthatfood，〞saidDrJeffreyGordon，theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout，〞hesaid，“notjusttheoutsidein.〞Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatingscientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans，transplantedthemintomicebredundergerm-freeconditions，andthenfedthemiceeitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemice'smicrobecommunities.Ofinterest，thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet，consumingabout3000caloriesaday，highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheeseandlunchothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhowerecalorie-restricted.Theyatelessthan1800caloriesadayandhadcarefullytrackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears，stickingtoamostlyplant-baseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup，athirdfewercarbohydrates(碳水化合物)andonlyhalfthefat.Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobecommunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof“good〞bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplant-based“Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobecommunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit，vegetables，wholegrains，andnutsorseeds，〞saidMeghanJardine，adietitianwhowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentstudybuthaspublishedarticlesonpromotinghealthymicrobecommunities.Sheurgespeopletoaimfor40to50gramsoffiberdaily，wellabovelevelsrecommendedbymostdietaryguidelines.．Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?．Changingmicrobiomeisfairlyeasy.．Ecosystemingutisshapedbycarbohydrates.．Nutritionalcomponentsaredeterminedbyfoodintake.．Astohealthydiets，microbecommunityshapedbyvegetablesandfruitrespondmorequicklythanthatshapedbyjunkfood.．WhatcanwelearnaboutMeghanJardine?．Shesuggestseatingaslittleaspossible.．Sheattachesgreatimportancetofiber.．Sheisoneoftheresearchersofthecurrentstudy.．Sheadvocatesconsumingmoremeatindailylife.．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardgutmakeover?．Concerned.．Opposed.．Indifferent.D．Nervous.．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?．Microbecommunityinourgut．Agutmakeoverforthenewyear．Dietaryguidelinesfordailydiets．Thebestwaytowardsahealthiermicrobecommunity【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清理肠道的原由及详细做法。长难句分析：Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof“good〞bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.(第四段最后一句)分析：这是一个复合句。knowntopromotehealth是过去分词作后置定语，修饰bacteria；that指引的是定语从句，修饰先行词bacteria。译文：它们还携带好几种能促使健康的有利菌，这些有利菌是他们吃的素食中特有的。词汇累积：determinationnestablishvabsorbvcomponentn成局部transplantv．移植consumev．开销，耗费．D推理判断题。Soifthemicrobecommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza，forexample,itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobecommunity.(第一段最后一句)道里的微生物群是由堡和披食塑造而成，它生反应的速度就不会像一个由蔬菜和水果塑造的道那么快，因为后者有更多化的微生物群。解思路：依据重点句可推知，健康食，由蔬菜和水果形成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。应选。．B。Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobecommunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit,vegetables，wholegrains，andnutsorseeds...(最后一段第一句)也许形成更健康的微生物群的最正确方式是经过吃更多的水果、蔬菜、全麦食品以及坚果或植物种子来更多⋯解思路：依据重点句可知，MeghanJardine。．A度。依据作者在第二段引用的盛大学医学院JeffreyGordon博士的话以及最后一段引用的养MeghanJardine的可推测出，作者很关注道清理。A意“关心的〞；B意“反的〞；C意“充耳不闻的〞；D意“应选。．B。第一段就点了然文章的主，即“行道清理可以人更健康〞。接下来的四段内容都是道清理个主，包含清理道的原由、所做的道。B能归纳文章的主，合适做。二、句法填空1．Shewasforced________(retire)earlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.答案：toretirebeforcedtodo...“被迫做⋯⋯〞；retire“退休〞。．Manylocalpeople________(object)tothebuildingofthenewairport.答案：objectedobjectto...“反⋯⋯〞。．Itwon'tmakemuch________(differ)whetheryougotodayortomorrow.答案：difference由空前的much可知填名difference。makea/no/some/muchdifference表示“有/没有/有些/有很大影响/作用/关系〞。．Heoweshissuccessmore________luckthan________ability.答案：to;toowe...to...“把⋯⋯功于⋯⋯〞。．Alcoholactsonthebrain,sodriversareforbidden________(drink)itwhentheydriveacar.答案：todrinkbeforbiddentodo...“被严禁做某事〞。6．________(strike)bystrongsnowstorms,theareafacedaseverewaterandelectricityshortage.答案：Struck去分短在句中作原由状。．Thequestion________willtakehisplaceisstillnotclear.答案：whowho指引同位从句，在从句中作主，表示“⋯⋯的人〞，从句明question的内容。．Theadvantageis________thecostofthismethodislow.答案：that空指引表从句在从句中不作成分，无作用，故填that。．Ican't________(undertake)thatyouwillwinintheelection.答案：undertake由空前的神态动can可知填Ican'tundertakethat...“我没法许诺⋯⋯〞。．Youcanusemycomputeroncondition________youreturnittomorrow.答案：thatonconditionthat...“条件是⋯⋯；只需⋯⋯〞。三、完形填空。Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy，especiallywhenitcomestomentalhealthproblems.InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic.“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool.Iputsomuch__2__onmyself，〞shesaid.“Inever__3__aIgotsickduring10thgradeandIstartedtowaswhenthepanicattacksbegan.〞Shegoesontodescribewhatapanicattack__5__like，“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn'tbreathe.Myheartwasbeatingvery__7__.Ifeltdisconnected.IsawpeopletryingtotalktomebutI，Iwassentto__8__，〞sheshared.Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped.“LastyearIstartedcollege.AndIcan'tbethebeststudentherenomatterhowhardItry，〞shesaid.“Everyoneisso__11__.MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadto__12__myfirstsemester.〞，nowsheisfacingheranxiety，andthingsaregettingbetter.“Iusedtotrytohidethoughtthat__14__nobodyknewitwouldnotexistshesaid.“ButthemoreItalkaboutmy__15__，themoreIrealizethatotherpeopleexperience__16__I'mtryingtoexpressithadagreatteacher__17__toldme，‘Insteadoflettinganxietykeepyoufromdoingyourart，letitbethethingthat__18__yourart.’〞Recently，overtheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyisare__20__alone.．B．program．platformD．station．B．height．pressureD．measure．B．succeeded．failedD．attended．A.fallbehindB．falldown．leavebehindD．leavealone．B．sounds．tastesD．feels．B．survey．researchD．notice．B．wildly．slowlyD．severely．B．work．hospitalD．home．B．since．beforeD．that．A.stillB．always．merelyD．almost．B．anxious．talentedD．experienced．B．perform．operateD．cancel．B．them．meD．us．B．if．whileD．as．B．dream．issueD．desire．B．familiar．variousD．serious．B．whom．whoseD．which．B．quits．motivatesD．protests．B．advise．shareD．compare．B．sometimes．seldomD．never【解导】本文是一篇叙的忧虑经，今后，她英勇面，状况得以好。作者借个案例明直面困、坦问常常是解信心理健康策。【核心dealwith，panicn．慌乱，慌乱v．使慌乱policyn．政策，策略，保单disconnectedadj.分其余，断开的，不的semestern．半学年，一学期．B依据“InaTV__1__，onegirlgetsveryrealaboutdealingwithanxietyandpanic〞可知，在一个视目(program)中，一个女孩坦地分享了她战胜忧虑和慌乱的故B正确。A意“〞；C意“平台〞；D意“站〞，都与境不符。．C依据前一句“Iwasthebeststudentinmyhighschool〞，再句“Iputsomuch__2__onmyself〞可知，句是，在学校里个女孩是一位等生，她自己自己施加了好多力。C意“力〞，符合境，故C正确。A意“体重〞；B意“身高〞；D意“胸怀位〞，都与境不符。．C依据上文，再句“Inever__aclass〞可知，个女孩从没有考不及格；C意“不及格〞，符合境，故C正确。A意“参加〞；B意“成功〞；D“参加〞。．A依据上下文可知，在十年时个女孩患病了，成开始落伍；A意“落伍〞，符合境，故A正确。B意“不，不可以令人意〞；C意“留下，留〞；D意〞。．D依据空前后句可知，个女孩是在描绘忧虑症的感。feellike固定搭配，意“感像是⋯⋯〞，符合境，故D正确。．A依据句中“Onedaytheteacherhandedmemygrade__6__，andIcouldn'tbreathe〞可知，老将成了个女孩；表示“成gradereport〞，故A项正确。．B依据后一句“Ifeltdisconnected〞可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉没法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故B项正确。A项意为“平和地〞；C项意为“迟缓地〞；D项意为“严格地〞。．C拜见上题分析并联合该句“Afterwards，Iwassentto__8〞可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故C项正确。．D依据该句“Itwasthen__9__theattacksstartedhappening__10__daily，andtheyhaven'tstopped〞可知，该句使用了重申句型，被重申的局部是then，故用that指引句中的其余局部，故D项正确。D依据空地方在句可知，从那时起忧虑几乎每日发生，没有停止过。D项意为“几乎〞，符合语境，故D项正确。．C依据空处前一句可知，在大学里，不论这个女孩怎么努力都没法成为最好的学生；联合该句“Everyoneisso__〞可知，每个人都有天分；C项意为“有天分的〞，符合语境，故C项正确。．D依据该句“MypanicattacksgotsobadthatIhadtomyfirstsemester〞可知，这个女孩的忧虑症变得这样严重，她不得不休学。D项意为“撤消〞，符合语境，故D项正确。．A依据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety〞，后一句中的“itwouldnotexist〞也是提示。故此处用it。．B依据语境可知，空处指引条件状语从句，故此处用if。．C依据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的忧虑问题。C项意为“问题〞，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信心〞；B项意为“梦想〞；D项意为“希望〞。．A依据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其余人也经历过相像的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故A项正确。．A分析该句构造可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“agreatteacher〞，在从句中作主语，故用who指引该定语从句。．C依据语境可知，空处应用与“keepyoufromdoingyourart〞意义相反的一个动词。C项意为“激励〞，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“放弃〞；B项意为“停止〞；D项意为“反对〞。．C依据该句“Recently，womenallovertheworldtooktoTwitterto__19__whatanxietyislike〞可知，近来，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了忧虑的经历。C项意为“分享〞，符合语境，故C项正确。．D拜见上题分析，再联合该句“Weare__alone〞可知，忧虑者不是孤单的，故用否定never。四、句改错．Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedintheonehetoldhismother.____________________________________________________答案：in→fromdifferfrom...“和⋯⋯不一样样〞。．Owedtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine._____________________________________________________答案：Owed→Owingowingto...“因为⋯⋯；因为⋯⋯〞，固定用法。．Itsuddenlystrucktomethatweshouldmakeanewplan._____________________________________________________答案：去掉toItstrikessb.that...“某人忽然想起⋯⋯〞。．MymothermakesapromiseifIpassedtheexam,shewouldbuymeawatch.____________________________________________________答案：promise后加that句that指引的同位从句，that不作成分，但也不可以省略。5．Encouragingbythespeech,theyoungmanmadeuphismindtotakeupthestruggle.____________________________________________________答案：Encouraging→Encouraged主theyoungman与encourage之关系，故去分作状。五、短文改错ZhouYanistheSeniorThreestudent.Lastweek，hegoestoseeadoctorbecauseofhisarmsandfingersdoctortoldhimthefactthathada“mobilephonediseaseZhousentmessagesforhisfriendswithhismobilephoneallthetime，eveninstartedtodobadlyinalltheexambecausehespentsomanytimeonhismobilephone.Hedidn'tstopusethemobilephoneuntilhisarmsLing，whichisanexpertfromahealthcenter，saidstudent