2023版高考英语一轮总复习高效备考新模式第二部分狠抓基础语法10.非谓语动词课件新人教版

非谓语动词非谓语动词作主语不定式特指的、具体某次或未来动作：Toignorethiswouldbeamistake.动名词Reportingthenewsistheirjob.Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.泛指的或抽象的行为知识网络非谓语动词作表语不定式说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来：

Myjobistopromotethenewproduct.动名词说明主语内容，一般或习惯：

Hisjobiscollectingfolksongs.现在分词说明主语的特征，令人……的：Thespystorywasthrilling.过去分词说明主语的感受或状态，感到……的：

Hewasthrilledatthesuggestion.非谓语动词作宾语作介词宾语一般用动名词Dailypracticeisthetrickinlearningaforeignlanguage.prevent/stopsb(from)doingsth

阻止某人做某事waste/spend...(in)doingsth

浪费/花费……做某事havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth

做某事有困难thereisnosense(in)doingsth

做某事是没有意义的含介词的句型非谓语动词作宾语HedidnothingbutwatchTV.(不do无to)IhadnochoicebuttowatchTV.but,except(除…外)后用不定式只接不定式的词：want,hope,desire,long,expect,beg,apply,hesitate,refuse,decide,aim,choose,afford,offer,pretend,determine,manage,guarantee,attempt,seek,plan,intend,mean,promise,undertake,agree,fail,prepare,arrange,happen非谓语动词作宾语只接动名词的词：suggest,advise,enjoy,avoid,imagine,admit,practise,escape,allow,permit,consider,miss,understand,finish,dislike,mind,include,risk,forbid,prevent,discuss,appreciate,forgive,pardon,excuse,keep(on),can’tstand,advocate接todo和doing意义有别remember,forget,regret,try,mean,stop,goon,can’thelpto是介词的词组：beusedto,beaccustomedto,beaddictedto,bedevotedto,beopposedto,beequalto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,feelupto,getdownto,applyoneselfto,contributeto,leadto,referto,adaptto,adjustto,objectto,turnto,respondto非谓语动词作定语不定式

发生在谓语后Ihaveseveralletterstowritetoday.动名词

在名词前说明其用途awashingmachine=amachineforwashing现在分词

主动，进行

Theboystanding(=whoisstanding)thereismybrother.过去分词

被动，完成

Thatisanabandonedcar(=acarwhichwasabandoned).目的

Welearnalanguageinordertocommunicate.too...to/enoughto：Heisoldenoughtoknowrightfromwrong.令人不快之结果：Ihurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.形容词后

Sheiseagertosucceed.非谓语动词作状语不定式结果过去分词被动ThePresidentarrived,followedbyhispersonalbodyguard.非谓语动词作状语现在分词主动Thesunwasstrikingonthesea,makingitshine.(自然结果)Hesatinthechair,readinganewspaper.(伴随)现在分词主动、正在进行：IheardKatesingingthesongjustnow.过去分词被动、完成：IheardthesongsungbyKate.非谓语动词作补语不定式Theteacherencouragedthechildrentobehavewell.主动、全过程、经常：IheardKatesingthesong.非谓语动词with+宾语+不定式：Withmuchhomeworktodo,Ican’tgotoplayfootballwithyou.现在分词：Withtimegoingby,Igraduallyrealizetheimportanceofhealth.过去分词：Withalltheworkdone,Icangohome.非谓语动词have+宾语+定语：Ihaveanarticletowrite.

原形：Hehadmeplantatreethere.(命令或安排)Ihadmymobilephonerepaired.(请人做)Ihadmylegbroken.(不幸遭遇)现在分词：Shehadheraudiencelisteningattentively.过去分词补语现在分词(主动)：Becarefulwhile(youare)crossingtheroad.过去分词(被动)：When(hewas)askedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.非谓语动词连词+作宾语

...butherefused________(stop).作主语

Ittookyearsofwork__________(reduce)theindustrialpollution…toreducetostop考点考法不定式tostay作补语

...heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.表目的

Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.tosee...you’llbelesslikely________(bring)yourworkhome....thewallsarenowcoldenough________(cool)thehouse…tobringtocool作状语形容词后考点考法动名词作主语

________(have)teainthelateafternoonprovidesabridge...动词宾语

...duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directly...介词宾语

...stillreduceyourriskof_____(die)early...

作宾语lookingdyingHaving作伴随状语

Peoplecookedtheirfood,______(use)twigs

toremoveit.livingusing考点考法现在分词(主动)作表语(令人……的)Nicktoldmeastory,whichwasvery____________(interest).作定语

...arrangesquickgetawaysforpeople______(live)inSeresting连词+现在分词

China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________(feed)itscitizens

offersusefullessons...

feeding作定语

Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisor...conducted考点考法过去分词(被动)连词+过去分词

When_______(ask)whyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.asked作表语(感到……的)...hedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).challenged语法填空

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2021全国甲卷)Itispossible________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.2.(2021全国甲卷)After__________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeaction…towalk真题回顾因

itispossibletodosth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。spending在介词after后用动词-ing形式，故填spending。3.(2021全国乙卷)It(Ecotourism)isdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome___________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics…educated在系动词become后应用形容词作表语，表示“受过……教育(或训练)的”。4.(2021全国乙卷)Minimizetheimpactof________(visit)theplace.5.(2021全国乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim_________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.visiting在介词后应用动词-ing形式。tohave因aimtodosth为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。6.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,

stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_____________(ache)legs.aching/achy修饰名词legs作定语，用aching或achy，表示“疼痛的”。7.(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,___________(think)itisfood.thinking分析句子成分可知，宾语从句中已有谓语eat，故think应作为非谓语动词，又因think与其逻辑主语seaanimals之间为主动关系，故用动词ing形式。8.(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Idecidedtodosomething________(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.9.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)

ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.toeducate句中已有谓语decided，故educate应作为非谓语动词；表示目的，用动词不定式toeducate。tofind作目的状语，应用不定式，usesthtodo意为“使用某物做……”，故填tofind。10.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)Theyrepresenttheearth________(come)ing句中已有谓语represent，故come应为非谓语动词；此处为动名词的复合结构与

bestwishes并列作

represent的宾语，其逻辑主语为theearth，应用主动形式，故填coming。11.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes___________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.12.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)

Theyareeasy________(care)forandmakegreatpresents.decorated此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构，decorate与其逻辑主语them之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填decorated。tocare此处为“主语+be+adj.+todo”结构，用动词不定式表被动，故填tocare。13.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)

Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout________(find)thewell-knownpainter.14.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)

Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.tofind作目的状语，应用动词不定式，故填tofind。surrounding因clouds和surround之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作后置定语，故填surrounding。15.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitors

can

playwithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor________(walk)througharainforest.walking因or为并列连词，连接livingatadifferenttimeinhistory与(walk)througharainforest，共同作imagine的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填walking。16.(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)

Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to-12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders_________(begin)computerclasses.tobegin因Itis+adj.+forsbtodosth是固定搭配。17.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive____________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.toperform因句中已有谓语areexpensive(系动词加表语构成谓语),动词perform

应为非谓语动词;在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,故填toperform。18.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.19.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for______(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.noting在介词后用动名词，故填noting。being介词for后应接动名词作宾语，故填being。20.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans__________(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.21.(2019全国Ⅱ卷)Whenwegotacall_______(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.toretire名词plan后接不定式作后置定语,表示“……的计划”，故填toretire。saying因call与say是主动关系，故此处应用现在分词saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，故填saying。22.(2019全国Ⅲ卷)Onourwaytothehouse,

itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake________(get)there.toget此处为“ittakes/took+时间+todosth”固定句型，表示“花费时间做某事”。其中，it

作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。23.(2019全国Ⅲ卷)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarm,_________(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.listening句中已有谓语invited,故listen应作为非谓语动词;又由we与listen在逻辑上存在着主动关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。24.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)

Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong_______(see)thebenefit.25.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)

Youmaydrink,

smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_______(die)earlybyrunning.tosee句中已有谓语run，故see应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用动词不定式tosee。dying在介词后用动名词。顺便提提，虽然也可用名词death作宾语，但有副词early修饰，所以只能用动名词dying。26.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)

China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile__________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide”,saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.feeding因feed与其逻辑主语China之间是主动关系，故用其动词ing形式，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。27.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)

Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeelchallenged.28.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)

Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________(stay)andwatch.looking由于avoid后习惯上用动名词作宾语，即avoiddoingsth，意为“避免做某事”，故填looking。

tostay因allowsbtodosth为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。29.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired___________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.30.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)

Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_____(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof…toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主补。laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系，一起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying(铺)。29.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired___________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.30.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)

Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_____(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof…toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主语补足语。laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系，一起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用ing形式，故填laying(铺)。31.(2017全国Ⅲ卷)

Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term________(rest).32.(2017全国Ⅲ卷)

ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants_________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.resting由spend…doingsth可知。toprove由wanttodosth可知。33.(2016全国Ⅰ卷)

IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.permitted句中已有谓语was，故permit应作为非谓语动词；又因reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。34.(2016全国Ⅰ卷)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude____________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcenterinthemistymountainsofBroducing由include后习惯上用动名词作宾语，即includedoing，可知填introducing。35.(2016全国Ⅱ卷)

Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you’llbelesslikely_________(bring)yourworkhome.36.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)

Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_________(create)specialdesigns.tobring因belikelytodosth是固定搭配。tocreate句中已有谓语combine，故create应为非谓语动词；表示目的，用动词不定式tocreate。37.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,_______(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.using句中已有谓语cooked，故use为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use在逻辑上是主动关系，故用v.-ing形式作伴随状语。38.(2015全国Ⅰ卷)Yangshuoisreallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers___________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.conducted因句中已有谓语动词names(提名)，所以conduct应为非谓语动词；又由conductastudy/survey(进行研究/调查)可知，astudy与conduct是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。考情：从最近几年来看，非谓语动词在语法填空中是必考点，每年1~3道，考点集中在以下方面：不定式作补语。如allowsbtodosth,requiresbtodosth,invitesbtodosth等。1.不定式

只能接不定式作宾语的动词。如aimtodosth,wanttodosth,refusetodosth等。

不定式作目的状语。(见2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷、2020全国Ⅱ卷、2018全国Ⅰ卷和2018全国Ⅱ卷)不定式作后置定语。(见2019全国Ⅱ卷)

固定搭配中的不定式。如itispossibletodosth、beeagertodosth,ittakessbsometimetodosth,

belikelytodosth,beadj.enoughtodosth等。固定句型中的动名词。如spend…doingsth等。2.动名词动名词作主语。动名词作介词宾语。这是到目前为止，考频最高的，在六年各卷中考了8次。只能接动名词作宾语的动词。如avoid,include,keep等，其中，2017全国Ⅱ卷和2016全国Ⅰ卷中都考查了include后只能接动名词。现在分词作伴随状语。(见2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷、2019全国Ⅲ卷和2016全国Ⅲ卷)3.现在分词现在分词作定语。(见2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷和2019全国Ⅱ卷)4.过去分词过去分词作表语。(见2021年全国Ⅱ卷)过去分词作宾补。(见2020全国Ⅱ卷)过去分词作定语。(见2020全国Ⅰ卷、2015和2016全国Ⅰ卷、2015全国Ⅱ卷)5.有特殊要求的动词或短语动词(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask,demand,plan,intend,mean(计划),manage,do/tryone’sbest,makeanattempt,learn,wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,wouldlike,

shouldlike,

wouldprefer(希望；愿意),agree,promise(同意),

decide,

determine,

choose,

makeadecision,makeupone’smind,

offer(主动提出),apply,help,fail(不能；没有),prepare,pretend,refuse,happen(碰巧),afford(负担得起)等。(2)有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow,permit,consider,suggest,advise,keep(on)(反复;不停),finish,imagine,practise,understand,appreciate,enjoy(喜欢),miss(错过;怀念),prevent,forbid,escape(避免),include,forgive,pardon,excuse(原谅),dislike(厌恶),discuss,report(报道),admit,mind(介意),risk,can’tstand,burstout,feellike,insiston,delay,putoff(推迟),giveup,bebusy,beworth等。(3)

下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remembertodo(记住去做)，rememberdoing(记得做过)；forgettodo(忘记去做)，forgetdoing(忘记做过)；regrettodo(遗憾地做)，regretdoing(后悔做了)；trytodo(设法做)，trydoing(试做)；goontodo(接着做另一事)，goondoing(继续做同一事)；meantodo(打算做)，meandoing(意味着)；stoptodo(停下来去做)，stopdoing(停止做)；can’thelptodo(不能帮助做)，can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。(4)

在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent/stop/keep…fromdoing(阻止……做……)；spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How/Whataboutdoingsth(做……怎么样？)；havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing(在做……方面有些困难)；haveahardtimeindoingsth(做某事很艰难);thereisnosenseindoing(做……是没有理由/道理的)；thank/

excuse/

admire/

praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。(5)

to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：lookforwardto(盼望),

devote…to/bedevotedto(致力于),

be/getusedto(习惯),leadto(导致),

getdownto(开始认真),

payattentionto(注意),referto(谈到),

pointto(指向),

turnto(转向),

objectto(反对),equalto(等于；能胜任),belongto(属于)等。(6)

在表示“需要”的need,want,require等后用

v.-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。(7)

在make,let,have(使；让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear,

see,

watch等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；

用现在分词表示当时正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上to。此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，v.-ing表示“令人……的”事物，v.-ed表示人“感到……的”。如surprising令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃惊的。解法：当括号内所给词为动词时，首先要看句中是否已有谓语动词了，如果有了，空格前又没有并列连词，那就是非谓语动词。这时，需考虑用哪种形式。是否是作介词的宾语。是否是固定句型或固定搭配。是否是位于只能接不定式或只能接动名词的动词或短语动词之后。作定语时，要根据与所修饰词的关系，判断用现在分词还是过去分词。作目的状语，只能用不定式。作伴随状语通常要用现在分词。语法填空

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1._________(grow)upcanbeareal“pain”forsomeofus.Growing模拟操练句中canbe是谓语动词，句子缺主语，故用动名词短语作主语。作主语2.Itisawidelypracticedcustomforpeople_________(enjoy)abowlofnoodlesontheirbirthdayasasymboloflongevity(长寿).toenjoy“It+be+adj./n.+(forsb)+todosth”是it作形式主语的常见句型，表示“做某事(对某人来说)是……”，其中，it为形式主语，用动词不定式作真正的主语。3.IttakesaseasonedconservationistlikeWangawholeyear__________(restore)justthreetofourpaintings.4.Well,________(lose)ajob,ornotbeingabletofindone,almostalwayscausessadness.torestore因ittakessb+sometime+todosth为固定搭配，意为“花费某人多少时间做某事”。losing与beingableto并列，一起作主语，也用动名词形式。5.Thestudy’saimwas__________(explore)ifrelationshipsarerelatedtohealthproblems.6.Science,tomanyschool-agedchildren,seems__________(bore)anddifficult.toexplore说明主语的内容，指未来的行为，用不定式作表语。boring句中seems是系动词，须接表语；指科学“令人厌倦的”，用-ing分词作表语。7.Thechildren’sTVshowissopopularbecauseitisoneofthefewthatfamiliescanenjoytogetherwithoutadultsfeeling_______(bore).8.Iwastryingtostay_________(focus)onamagazinearticlethattrulyinterestedme,buttryashardasIcould,theirenergykeptdistracting(使分心)me.bored在系动词feel后须接表语，表示人“感到无聊的”，用-ed分词作表语。focused句中stay是作“保持”解的系动词，意为“保持专注”，用-ed分词作表语，表示状态。9.Wejustremembertheimportantinformationwhichmakesiteasyforus_________(make)wisedecisions.tomake因make/find/considerit+adj.+(forsb)todosth［使得/发现/认为(某人)做某事很……］是固定句型，其中it是形式宾语，(forsb)todosth是真正的宾语。作宾语10.Althoughtheserobotscannotgoupanddown,theyknowhow_________(press)abuttonofanelevator.11.Onthatday,theemperor(皇帝)wouldleadhisofficialstothesuburbsandperformtheceremonyof_____________(welcome)thewinter.topress这是“疑问词+不定式”结构，作动词know的宾语，故填topress。welcoming介词(of)后用名词或动名词，因welcome后带有宾语thewinter，故只能用动名词。注意：当其后有宾语或状语时，用动名词。12.Shehascreatedbeautiful3Djellycakesby_______(use)seaweedjellyandnaturalcolouring.13.WorldIndustrialDesignDay,

adaymeantforthem,

isforteachingpeopleaboutthehistoryofindustrialdesignandpotentially________(get)peopleinterestedintheprofession.using介词(by)后接名词或动名词，因其后有宾语，故要用动名词，故填using。getting与teaching并列作介词for的宾语，应用动名词形式。14.Inadditiontothethemedrestaurant,theywillalsolaunch(发起)

a

projectdevotedtoLei’svirtuesin250outlets(门店)acrosstheprovince,including__________(provide)viding因including是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。15.Theflatterraces(梯田)catchtherainwaterandpreventthesoilfrom_______________(wash)away.16.Apartfrom___________________(surround)bybeautifulnature,theSouth-Westisfullofurbangems(精华).beingwashed在介词后应用动词-ing形式，又因wash与thesoil为被动关系，故填beingwashed。beingsurrounded因theSouth-West与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，且位于介词from后，应使用动名词的被动式。17.Second,shootingananti-corruptionshowunderthecurrentsystemislike_______(try)todancewrappedinchains.18.Withoutputtingourhandsoutand_________(ask)formoneyfrompeople,wegiveclothes,warmblankets,medicine,andeducationalsupporttopoorkids.trying句中like是介词，介词后用动名词。asking与putting并列，作介词without的宾语，用动名词。19.Atthesametimetherehasbeenanincreaseinpetscomingintosheltersasthepetownersaretoosickandtheyhavetogiveup________(take)careofthem.20.Atfirst,thetoughconditionsstoppedmanyparentsfrom__________(allow)theirchildrentojoinHu’sclub.taking因giveupdoingsth为固定搭配，意为“放弃做某事”。allowing因stopsb(from)doingsth为固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”。21.A5-year-oldgirlhassucceededin________(pay)offtheoutstandinglunchdebtsofherclassmatessimplybysellingcookiesandhotcocoa.22.SowhileIappreciatethereisnotalwayssomethingtosmileabout,Ithinkthatbeingabletosmileatourselvesisaqualityworth____________(develop).paying因succeedindoingsth为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”。developing因beworthdoingsth(值得做某事)是固定搭配。注：一般词典将worth列为表语形容词，但朗文词典将其列为介词。23.AsmyChineseimproved,thiscontinuedthroughoutmystay,frommylandlordintroducingmetopeoplewhocouldhelpuslearnChineseto_________(get)toknowthecouplewhorananoodlerestaurantnearby.24.Inhisopinion,reducingthequantityofthingsweproducecanleadtosomepeople_______(lose)theirjobs.getting在from…to…结构中作介词to的宾语，故填getting。losing因leadto中的to是介词，后用动名词,其中somepeople是动名词的逻辑主语。25.However,aspeoplegrowolder,

friendshipsbecomemoreimportantthanfamilyrelationshipswhenitcomesto__________(predict)healthandhappiness.26.InspiredbyCrazyHorse,ChineseartistSongPeilundevotedhislifeto__________(build)amemorialtotheartisticcultureofYelangValley.predicting因whenitcomesto(当谈到)中的to是介词，用动名词形式。building因devoteone’slifetodoingsth为固定搭配，其中，to为介词，意为“献身于做某事”。27.Inthefirstplace,ithappensthatwehavetrouble____________(express)ourmindswithappropriatewordsandphrases.28.Theteacheraskedthemthedifficultytheyhad_________(achieve)theirdreams.expressing因havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth(做某事有困难)是固定句型。achieving因havedifficulty(in)doingsth是固定句型。句中(that)theyhad是定语从句，修饰difficulty。29.AheavyfloodinGangesriverpreventedthepeople______(live)thenormalcitylife.30.Myusualeveningisspent_________(watch)TVandscrolling(上下移动)throughsocialmedia.living由preventsb(from)doing可知。watching由spend…(in)doing可知。31.However,manynetizensonSinaWeibodon’tthinkElemeisprovidingawonderfulservice,

sayingitjustwants________(make)money.tomake因wanttodosth(想做某事)是固定搭配。注意比较：want作“需要(=need)”的用法：Theplantswantwatering(=tobewatered)daily.这些植物需要每天浇水。32.Asayounggirl,myparentsforcedmysistersandme______(do)somanythingsthatIneverliked.33.Whenyou’reonFacebook,Instagram,orTikTok,manypeoplemakehugeefforts_____________(present)thebestversionofthemselvesonline.todo因forcesbtodosth(强迫某人做某事)是固定搭配。topresent因makeeffortstodosth为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。34.Thedaysseem_______(be)gettinglongerandthetimebecomeshardertofillin.35.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail_________(enjoy)thecoffee.tobe因seemtodosth(似乎要做某事)为固定搭配。toenjoy因failtodosth(未能做某事)是固定搭配。36.ThecoursefromZhouQuanfu,…,aims___________(encourage)overweightstudentstocontroltheirdietsandincreasetheirexercise.37.YangYu,whoisthedirectorofit,madeuphismind___________(produce)afilmonthethemeofbreakingoldrulesandchangingfate.toencourage因aimtodosth(目的在于/打算做某事)是固定搭配。toproduce因makeupone’smindtodosth(下定决心做某事)是固定短语。38.Ifyoudodecidetouseareusableplasticwaterbottle,avoid_________(keep)itinthesun.39.Yet,theheirtothefamily,JiaBaoyu,enjoys_________(live)apure,carefreelife,havingnointerestinpoliticsatall.keeping因avoiddoingsth(避免做某事)为固定搭配。living因enjoydoingsth(喜欢做某事)为固定搭配。40.Therearesomanyinvitinggoodsononlineshopsthatmanypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,can’thelp_______

___________(persuade)tobuywhattheyactuallydon’tneed…being由can’thelpdoing(情不自禁地做)可知填动名词；又由persuade后无宾语，应是“被劝服”。persuaded41.Throughoutthe20thcentury,

western-trainedChinesearchitectshavetried_____________(combine)traditionalChinesedesignsintomodernarchitecture,

bining因try表示“试做(看行不行)”后接动名词；若是表示“试图/努力做某事”，则接不定式。42.Thereareplentyofplacesinthecitycenter_________(catch)thegoldenGingko(银杏)leaves…43.MrMasaidrecentlyinaninterview,“Therearealotofthingsforme__________(learn)fromBillGates.”tocatch表示“可以拾得银杏叶的地方”，用不定式作places的后置定语。tolearn因forsbtodosth是固定搭配，用tolearn…作定语，修饰things。作定语44.Throughtheoldman’sstruggle,heshowstheabilityofhumanspirit__________(bear)hardshipandsufferinginordertoobtaingreatersuccessandvictory.

45.Butusingwritingasacommunicationtoolisaneffectiveway____________(strengthen)writingskillsatanearlyage.tobear由theabilitytodosth(做某事的能力)是习惯搭配，故用不定式作后置定语。tostrengthen表示“做某事的方法”，way后常用不定式作后置定语。46.Comparedwithotherlivingthings,

suchaspets,

plantsoftenrequirelessattention,buttheystillprovidetheopportunityforpeople_________(raise)something.47.TheLanternFestivalisoneofthebestdays________(view)Chineselanternsinaction.toraise在抽象名词opportunity后接不定式作后置定语，表示“做……的机会”。toview当名词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后常接不定式作后置定语。48.Perhapsthiswaseveryone’sThanks-giving,notforthematerialthingsgiventousbutforthechance,inwhateversmallway,________(give)toothers.togive表示“做某事的机会或可能性”，

thechance后通常接todosth或ofdoingsth。注意，此处的thechance与togivetoothers之间被inwhateversmallway隔开了。49.XiafinallymadeitinhisfifthattemptonMay14,2018,becomingthefirstChinesedoubleamputeeclimber________

_______________(reach)thesummitofQomolangma.50.Ofallthelongest_______(live)peopleintheworld,fewofthemaremillionaires.在有序数词修饰的名词后，一般用不定式作后置定语。tohavereachedtoreach/修饰名词people要用形容词，表示“活着的”。living51.Thatisaroundabillionpeople________(make)3.5billionjourneysina40-dayperiod.52.Agriculturalexpertssaycropdiversityisimportanttofeedthe__________(increase)populationofourplanet.making因people与make是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。increasing修饰名词population，要用形容词，表示正在进行，意为“日益增多的”。53.Withtherapidspreadofwesterncultures,a__________(grow)numberofChinesepeoplepreferwesternholidaystotraditionalones.growing因number与grow是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，表进行。顺便说说，agrowing/increasingnumberofChinesepeople=moreandmoreChinesepeople越来越多的中国人。54.SiewBoonthinksthemost__________(satisfy)partofherjobistobeabletobringjoytoothers.55.InventedbyLiuHong,abacus(算盘)isoneofthesymbolsofChinesepeople’swisdom_______(date)backtothe12thcentury.satisfying在名词part前作定语，用satisfy的形容词形式satisfying，表示“令人满意的”。dating句中已有谓语动词is，故date应作为非谓语动词；又因symbols与dateback(追溯到)在逻辑上是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。56.Thegiantstonesthatformtheoutercircle,_________(know)assarsen(砂岩)stones,eachweighasmuchas50tons!57.Thisyear,thecitywillcombinetheMasterRecyclerandClimateLeadersprogramstocreateagroup_______(call)SustainabilityLeaders.known分析句子成分可知，空格处应作非谓语动词，又由bek