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You'veheardthestereotypes-bornchildrenarespoiled,middlekidsgetignored,andtheyoungestkidsactoutbecausetheycraveattention.Well,newresearchshowsthatbirthorderreallydoesmatter.You'veheardthebornchildrenarespboiled,middlekidsgetandtheyoungestkidsactdoutbecausetheycraveattention.Well,newresearchshowsthatbirthorderreallydoesmattder.请将上面所选片段反复练打卡页面进行，选择自己满意的上传提交打卡MARYLOUISEKELLY,HOST:You'veheardthestereotypes-bornchildrenarespoiled,middlekidsgetignored,andtheyoungestkidsactoutbecausetheycraveattention.Well,newresearchshowsthatbirthorderreallydoesmatter.NPR'sSocialScienceCorrespondentShankarVedantamspokewithourco-hostDavidGreene.DAVIDGREENE,BYLINE:Hey,Shankar.SHANKARVEDANTAM,BYLINE:Hey,David.GREENE:SoShankar,theeffectofbirthorderisarealthing.It'snotjustaclicheorfodderforjokesthat,youknow,peoplecanmakeattheirsiblings'expense?VEDANTAM:That'sright,David.Anumberofstudieshavelookedintothis.Andthey'vefoundthatbornsoftendobetterthansecondbornsonmanyfronts,everythingfromeducationalattainmenttotestscores,IQ,wages,evenlabormarket GREENE:Somaybethespoiledpartisnottrue.Buttheyactually-itdoesmakeadifferenceinsomeways.VEDANTAM:Exactly.GREENE:But,Imean,Shankaryoudidgivealonglistofadvantagesthereforborns.Isthisresearchnew,stuffwedidn'tknowbefore?VEDANTAM:Thereisnewresearchnow,David.ItcomesfromJosephDoyle.He'sanMITeconomist.Andhelooksnotatpositivestuffbutnegativestuff-violentcrime,delinquency,schoolsuspensions.Hisresearchfocusesonboyssinceboysaremuorelikelythangirlstoendupinserioustroubleintheirteenageyears.DoyleandhiscolleaguesSanniBreining,DavidFiglio,KrzysKarbownikandJeffreyRothgottheirhandsonlargedatasets,David,involvingtensofthousandsofbrothers.Now,becauseyou'recomparingolderbrothersagainstyoungerbrothers,youcanassumethefamilyenvironmentforbothkidsismoreorlessconstant.Thed omefromtwoverydifferentsettings,thestateofFloridaandthecountryofDenmark.Lotsofthingsaredifferentinthosetwoplaces.Buttheresearchersfindconsistentevidencewhenitcomestocrimeanddelinquency.JOSEPHDOYLE:Ifindtheresultstoberemarkablethatthesecond-bornchildren,comparedtotheiroldersiblings,aremuorelikelytoendupinprison,muorelikelytogetsuspendedinschool,enterjuveniledelinquency.Acrossallthese es,we'regetting25to40percentincreasesinthelikelihoodof esjustbycomparingasecond-bornsiblingcomparedtoa-born.VEDANTAM:Tobeclear,David,onlyaminorityofkids,maybe,youknow,1in10,1in20,aregettinginserioustrouble.ButDoyleissayingthatamongthisminorityofchildren,thereappeartobesizabledifferencesbetween-andsecond-bornbrothers.GREENE:Well,whyaretherethesebigdifferencesbetweenyoungerandolderchildren,doesheVEDANTAM:Well,onepossibleexplanationhastodowiththeeffectofparentaltimeandinvestment.Asmanyotherearlierstudieshavenoted,bornkidsgettheundividedattentionoftheirparents,whereaskidsbornlaterareoftencompetingforparentaltimeandresources.Anotherfactorthatmightbedifferentisthepeergroupfor-andsecond-bornkidsisdifferent.Olderandyoungersiblingscomefromthesamefamily,buttheyhavedifferentpeergroupsearlyinlife.DOYLE:Thebornhasrolemodels,whoareadults.Andthesecond,later-bornchildrenhaverolemodelswhoareslightlyirrational2-year-olds,youknow,theiroldersiblings.Boththeparentalinvestmentsaredifferent,andthesiblinginfluencesprobablycontributetothesedifferencesweseeinlabormarketandwhatwefindindelinquency.It'sjustverydifficulttoseparatethosetwothingsbecausetheyhappenatthesametime.VEDANTAM:Ishouldsayhere,David,forallthepeoplewhoarethrowingobjectsattheradioorabouttohurltheirphoneoffatallbuilding,birth-ordereffectstendtobeverycontroversialbecauseeveryoneimmediaythinksabouttheirownsiblingrelationships...GREENE:VEDANTAM:...Ortheirownchildren.Andwealltendt